Dzhon Neper: biography nke ndụ ya. Dzhon Neper mepụtakwara?

Dzhon Neper (photos ya Eserese enịm mgbe e mesịrị na isiokwu) - Scottish mgbakọ na mwepụ, onye edemede na ọkà mmụta okpukpe. O nwetara ama site na-eke echiche nke logarithms ka a mgbakọ na mwepụ ngwaọrụ-enyere aka na calculations.

John Napier: biography

A mụrụ na 1550 na Merchiston Castle, nso Edinburgh (Scotland), nwa Sir Archibald Napier na Dzhenet Botuell. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 13 na afọ, John debara aha na Mahadum nke St Andrews, ma ọnụnọ ya e nwere ike ịbụ na-adịghị ndụ, ọ nọkwa na-ekpe na-enweghị a agụmakwụkwọ ka elu.

About Napier n'oge ndụ anyị amaghị, ma ọ na-kweere na ọ gara ná mba ọzọ, dị ka bụ omenala n'etiti ụmụ ndị Scottish ama. Ọ maara na na 1571 enye ama lọghachiri n'ụlọ ma nọrọ niile nke ndụ ya ma na Merchiston, ma ọ bụ Gartnesse. N'afọ na-esonụ, Dzhon Neper were na nwunye Elizabeth Stirling, onye mụrụ nwa nwoke ma nwa nwaanyị. A afọ ole na ole mgbe nwunye ya nwụrụ na 1579, Napier lụrụ ya na nwa nwanne nna Agnes. Nke abụọ na nwunye lụrụ di na nwunye di na nwunye nke iri, ụmụ dokwara. Mgbe ọnwụ nke Napier nna na 1608, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Merchiston Castle na Edinburgh, ebe ọ nọgidere ruo ọnwụ ya.

Theology na mepụtara

Life Dzhona Nepera mere mgbe nnukwu n'etiti okpukpe esemokwu. Omiiko na nkwụsi Protestant mmekọahụ na Church of Rome, ọ na-achọ ihu ọma na bụghị aku ọrụ ebere. Ọ maara nke ọma na King James VI of Scotland tụrụ anya maka accession nke Elizabeth m na English ocheeze, e chere na ọ chọrọ enyemaka nke ndị Catholic Philip II, King of Spain, na ihe mgbaru ọsọ a na-enweta. The General Nzukọ Church of Scotland, bụ nke e nwee njikọ chiri anya Napier, rịọ eze ka agha ndị Katọlik, na Jọn ugboro atọ, ghọrọ a so na kọmitii ahụ, nke na-akọ eze banyere ọdịmma nke chọọchị na-agbalị ka o doo ya na ọ dị mkpa na-akpatara ikpe ziri ezi megide iro nke ndị Chineke na chọọchị.

akwụkwọ ozi eze

Na January 1594 Dzhon Neper rịọrọ ndị King of Scotland na a akwụkwọ ozi nke ya "A mfe nkọwa nke niile mkpughe nke St. John" e chepụtara. The ọrụ, nke bụ na-nditịm na nkà mmụta sayensị agwa e mere atụmatụ na, na-emetụta dịkọrọ ndụ ihe. Ọ Napier dere, sị: "Ka mgbanwe nke general Ịdị ukwuu nke obodo gị ga-abụ mgbe nile nchegbu nke di, na, na mbụ, di onwe home, ezinụlọ na ikpe, na-ekpuchiri ha mmehie niile enyo nke papism, ekweghị na Chineke na-anọpụ iche, nke bụ echiche na-ebu amụma na ha kwesịrị dịkwuo budata na ụbọchị ikpeazụ ndị a. "

Ọrụ a na-agba ọtụtụ ugboro Scottish akụkọ ntolite nke ụka.

Mmepe nke ngwá agha

Ke n'akwụkwọ nke "dị mfe nkọwa" o yiri ka ọ malitere na-eme na nzuzo ngwá agha. The odide collection, ugbu a chọpụtara na Lambeth Obí na London, nwere a akwụkwọ na na-aka site na Dzhon Neper. Na mepụtakwara na Scottish mgbakọ na mwepụ doro anya na ndepụta nke ngwaọrụ kere "site na amara nke Chineke na-arụ ọrụ nke nna ukwu" iji chebe mba ha. N'etiti ha bụ ndị abụọ iche iche nke incendiary enyo, akụkụ nke ihe ogbunigwe mpempe na a metal chariot, site na nke ị nwere ike ime ka gbaa site na obere oghere.

Onyinye mgbakọ na mwepụ

Dzhon Neper afọ nke ndụ ya ewepụtara ọmụmụ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ, akpan akpan, ihe e kere eke nke usoro ikwado na ngụkọta oge, ama nke bụ usoro nke logarithms, nke taa na-agba aha ya kere. Ọ malitere ọrụ na ya, ikekwe dị ka n'oge dị 1594, nke nta nke nta na-emepe emepe a na kọmputa usoro nke mgbọrọgwụ nke ngwaahịa na quotient nke nọmba nwere ike ngwa ngwa gbakọọ iji ọnụego table na-a ofu ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eji dị ka ndị isi.

Ya onyinye a dị ike mgbakọ na mwepụ ngwá ọrụ na-kọwara na abụọ treatises: Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio ( «Description ebube so logarithms"), nke e bipụtara na 1614, nakwa dị ka Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Constructio ( «Ịmepụta ebube so logarithms"), nke e bipụtara na abụọ afọ mgbe na-ede akwụkwọ ọnwụ. Ke akpa ọmụmụ o kwuru na Scottish mgbakọ na mwepụ nzọụkwụ nke mere ka ya mepụtara.

mfe Mgbakọ

Logarithms ndị mfe na ngụkọta oge, akpan akpan multiplication, nke dị mkpa ka mbara igwe. Napier chọpụtara na ihe ndabere maka ihe a ngụkọta oge bụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti som progression - usoro nọmba, ọ bụla nke na-gbakọọ geometric progression ke tupu amụba ya site a mgbe nile na-akpata ukwuu karịa 1 (e.g., usoro 2, 4, 8, 16 ...), ma ọ bụ ihe na-erughị 1 (e.g., 8, 4, 2, 1, 1/2 ...).

Na Descriptio, na mgbakwunye na-akọwa ọdịdị nke logarithms, Dzhon Neper bụ nanị depụtara ha ebe nke iji. O kwere nkwa na-akọwa usoro nke ha na-ewu na mgbe e mesịrị na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụ Constructio, nke kwesịrị uche nke Ịhazi ojiji nke ntụpọ ebe ikewara fractional akụkụ nke nọmba dum. Decimals e osụk site Flemish engineer na mgbakọ na mwepụ Simon Stevin na 1586, ma ya notation bụ cumbersome. Na Constructio nkịtị ojiji dị ka a separator ebe. Swiss mgbakọ na mwepụ Joost Burgi na 1603-1611 afọ, n'agbanyeghị nke Scottish mgbakọ na mwepụ mepụtakwara ya usoro nke logarithms, nke e bipụtara na 1620, ma Napier-arụ ọrụ na ha n'ihu Burgi na mkpa e nyere ya n'ihi na nke mbụ n'akwụkwọ ụbọchị na 1614.

Rabdologiya na ọmụmụ trigonometry

Ọ bụ ezie na mepụtara nke logarithms site John Napier chi jiri n'ehihie, ya nile ọzọ ọrụ, nke ya onyinye mgbakọ na mwepụ na-ejedebeghị. Na 1617, o bipụtara ya Rabdologiae, seu Numerationis kwa Virgulas Libri Duo ( «Rabdologiya ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ abụọ na akaụntụ site na iji ruo", afọ 1667), na nke ọ kọwara na mbụ ụzọ nke multiplication na nkewa obere oblong mkpara iche site na transverse edoghi na 9 n'ámá na-etinye na ha nọmba. Ndị a na ngwaọrụ na-maka akaụntụ, mara dị ka Napier si mkpara bụ obu ụzọ nke ndị slide na-achị.

Ọ na-mere mkpa onyinye ndị * Tụkwasị na ọmụmụ trigonometry, akpan akpan site na mbenata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke arụmarụ n'ịgosipụta trigonometric mmekọrịta, si iri na iri na abụọ. Ọ na-otoro trigonometric formulas yiri Napier, ma ọ bụ eleghị anya na English mgbakọ na mwepụ Henry Briggs bụ idem ke drafting ha.

Dzhon Neper nwụrụ na April 4, 1617 na Merchiston Castle.