E gwupụtara development: Basic Ụzọ

Foundation olulu - a ịda mbà n'obi na ala, ndị ọzọ okwu, a nnukwu oghere kere ihe niile n'ihi na ntọala ahụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị ọzọ engineering oru na aghụghọ. E gwupụtara development a rụrụ nanị site ọkachamara na kpọmkwem ihe ọmụma na ahụmahụ. Ọrụ ndị a na-amalite na njikere nke oru ngo akwụkwọ na mmezi: a nzọụkwụ dị mkpa karịsịa mgbe ọ na-abịa na-arụ gwupụtatụrụla ọrụ n'ime ókè nke nnukwu obodo, ebe e nwere ndị a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ala mmekọ ụlọ ọrụ na a ga-sonye na akaụntụ ka ọ ghara ike ihe mberede ọnọdụ.

Egwu ala a olulu maka ojiji nke gwupụtatụrụla akụrụngwa. Jide n'aka na-gaa na akaụntụ n'akuku nke Zuru, ala adhesion àgwà, wdg Wall na olulu nwere ike akwụ ọtọ, ma na nke a ọzọ gwara n'ala (ọ bụrụ na ịdị omimi karịa abụọ mita). Nke a dị mkpa karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere residential ụlọ. Dị ka a na-achị, na usoro nke na-egwu ala olulu mepụta ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke ọrụ: Gọọmenti ọrụ; nzukọ nke nwa oge ohere ụzọ; nkesa ma ọ bụ mbupụ nke mepụtara ala.

Backhoes

E gwupụtara development a rụrụ site iche iche iche iche nke-egwupụta, dị ka a backhoe. Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume ịzụlite ala n'ibu usoro. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ omume na-ebu mpụta penetrations. The igwe bụ na nke a nsogbu n'elu ala larịị, na ibu gwupụtatụrụla n'ala kpofuru ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ibu ụgbọala. A backhoes na-eji mgbe ọ dị mkpa na-arụ ọrụ a mmiri ma ọ bụ ooh Ona.

Na nke usoro iji - tunneling n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwụ - dabere na ihe nwere arụmọrụ igwe. Ebe a ka ọ dị mkpa n'ime akaụntụ obosara na ịdị omimi nke igwu ala nke olulu. Ọ bụrụ na ndị Mbupu nke ugbo ala duplex, ọgwụgwụ penetrant nwere a obosara nke 160 na 170 cm. Ọ bụrụ na ndị dumpers oriri a rụrụ na otu aka, obosara ga-130 cm. Development nke ala nime ékpè iche na agụba ebelata obosara nke penetration, ebe ọ bụ na e gwupụtatụrụla ihe onwunwe ga-enịm ke obo . Mgbe n'olulu obosara ukwuu karịa obosara nke penetration (mgbe na-akpụ akpụ na a ogologo akara), ọgwụgwụ iji multiple penetrations ma ọ bụ zigzag njem (cross-ọgwụgwụ usoro).

Dragline egwupụta

Dragline amalite n'ala, dina n'elu larịị nke ezumike. Works na-rụrụ site n'akụkụ na ọgwụgwụ penetrations na Mbupu nke ala na-ebu na dump ma ọ bụ na a ụgbọala. Na dragline ibu mbịne okirikiri, o digs miri - nke a bụ ya isi uru n'elu igwe na a backhoe. Ya mere, ọ na-irè ji mee ihe mgbe na-arụ ọrụ na ok adụ n'ala, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ha dị nnọọ elu mmiri saturation. The ọrụ ike ga-rụrụ alternately ngere n'ala n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla nke ụgbọala (transverse mgbagharị atụmatụ). Ọ dị mkpa ka a dragline ọganihu mgbe agbagharị na usoro nke na ebutu. Ma ọ bụrụ na ala na-mesịa na n'azụ n'akụkụ nke a ibu ụgbọala - a na-akpọ a longitudinal-mgbagharị usoro.

End development

Mgbe mmepe nke ogwugwu onu rụrụ na ala dum a na-ewepụ, mkpọda na-ebipụ, na ala na-zubere. Ọ bụrụ na ala ga-a isi nke ntọala, n'ala a na-ewepụ niile abụghị - erughị 10-30 cm, karịa zubere. Bulldozers ịrụ ekpochapụ na ala nke olulu. Ịgbacha ogwugwu onu olulu bụ ifịk ifịk eji egwupụta eme atụmatụ na hydraulics. The na-arụ ọrụ ahụ nwere telescopic (kpaliri dị iche iche ntụziaka), na ọganihu nwere ike ruo ogologo oge. Back olulu ada n'ụra mgbe rụrụ ọrụ na ngwaọrụ nke ala akụkụ nke ụlọ.