Education nke Mongolian ike: akpata, N'ezie na pụta

Education nke Mongolian ike Historians ezo aka 1206. Ya uru ndị nnukwu: China, ihe nile nke Central Asia, na Caucasus, Russia, na Middle East, Hungary. Final disintegration nwere ike ga-atụle ka 1480, mgbe ebo efu ha ọgụ spirit, a chụsasịrị, na na malitere ịdị na-eme ehi ozuzu na nwa afọ steppes.

àgwà Temujin

Education nke Mongolian ike niile ụgwọ Temujin (Temujin), dị ka ọ na-akpọ ya-eto eto. Nna-ya, nke a ụdị Esigey Bordzhigin, Milton onwe ha mara mma na nwunye na Markit ebo mgbe ọ na-ama na nwunye. Nwa ya nwoke a mụrụ Temujin na n'etiti XII narị afọ na district, onye okoyo tinyere bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke osimiri Aumont. Mgbe ọtụtụ Esigeya nsí Tatars, na Temujin na ezinụlọ ya a chụpụrụ n'ebe obibi ha. Tatars Temujin ghọrọ onye iro. Temujin were taychiuty mkpọrọ na-eto eto na nwa na-enweghị ike ọbọ nna ya na-enwetaghachi ala ha. Temujin lanahụrụ na hụrụ nwanne nna ya, bụ onye nyere ya ụlọ obibi, di na nwunye nna-ya bu n'obi na-alụ ọhụrụ Borte wee malite sie ike ha agha, raiding agbata obi district. Ọ egbughịkwa mkpọrọ were ha òfùfè-ya.

Bilie nke Temujin

The isi àkù nke na-akwagharị akwagharị bụ ehi na ịta ahịhịa. Ná mgbalị iji nwere dị ka ọtụtụ ehi, ha mụtara ihe ọhụrụ ịta ahịhịa - ochie ike ọgwụgwụ. The omenala ókèala ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị ghọrọ oke obere maka ìgwè ehi na ìgwè ewu na aturu. Na akpamfia agbụrụ esemokwu. bụ "na-awagharị awagharị feudalism" iji dochie agbụrụ usoro. Nke a bụ ihe na ume ma na nkà ọchịagha Temudzhin. Ke adianade do, Chinese wee na-edebe udo n'ụlọ, na-agha mkpụrụ iro dịrị n'etiti-awagharị awagharị. Temujin nwere ọtụtụ ọgụ n'ihu meriri ebo Tatars taychiutov, Markit, Oirats. Site 1206 n'okpuru ike ya bụ ihe niile Mongolia. On kurtulae (Congress nke Mongolian khans) Temujin natara aha "Kagan" were aha Genghis nke pụtara "oké osimiri" ma ọ bụ, ọzọ version, "hoputara nke eluigwe." Mere guzobe nke Mongolian ike:

• Decomposition nke agbụrụ usoro.
• The enweghị ebe ịta nri maka nnukwu agbụrụ formations.
• Ogbu na nwayọọ iwu nke mwube ebo megide onye ọ bụla ọzọ Jurchen (ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Chinese), onye eze nọ n'okpuru ndị Mongol.

The ọhụrụ iwu nke Great Khan

Na-akwagharị akwagharị na Genghis Khan shuffled si dị iche iche ebo na ógbè nile e nditịm haziri agha. Discipline na nkwanyerịta aka na ọ bụ ígwè. Ọ bụrụ na ndị agha gbara otu, mgbe ahụ, o gburu a iri na abuo, nke ọ na-eje ozi. Nke ọtụtụ nwere ọtụtụ narị ọtụtụ narị - puku kwuru puku - tumens (10 puku ndị mmadụ.). N'ihi na n'enweghị ikike nyefe si onye nke ọzọ iri na abụọ e gburu. Naanị onye ike na nraranye Khan ugbu a na-enyere aka na-enwe ọganihu ha onwe ha ọrụ. Ya mbụ nnukwu agha o nwere, ozugbo Merkit emegide weghaara nwunye ya.

The agha na Alaeze Ukwu nke Qin

Mgbe ọ gara kwadebe a agha na China, ndị nọgidere na-akụziri ndị Mongolian ala. Akpata, N'ezie, na-arụpụta obere kwara. Mongolia bụ chie a nọ n'okpuru ebo Jurchen, onye bi na Primorsky Territory, South Korea, na North-East ma Central China. Na 1209 na Mongol eji nnọchibido ngwá agha na ewerewo obodo Urahay, nọchibido ka isi obodo nke alaeze XI Xia. Onye na-achị jụrụ maka udo na nwunye anya nwa-ya nwayi Genghis Khan. Ya mere, iji nweta agha ahụmahụ, ma gbasaa Mongolia. Site na nke a dị ize ndụ onye agbata obi n'afọ ofufo sonyeere Uighurs, bụ onye biri na ókèala Xinjiang. Na 1210, a atụ sochiri abụọ ọzọ Khan. Mụbara ala ahụ na Mongol agha. Khan njikere imeri ala nke Qin biri. Na 1213, ndị agha nke Mongol wakporo alaeze ukwu. A nnukwu agha e kewara 3 akụkụ ma merie n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'ebe ndịda na n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Beijing zụtara anya. Ma a afọ mgbe e mesịrị na 1214 Genghis Khan laghachi, were Beijing ọkụ. City ọkụ dum ọnwa. N'ozuzu ya, e bibie 90 Chinese obodo. Na China, ndị Mongol Alaeze Ukwu tọrọ ntọala site na nwa nwa Genghis Khan (Yuan usoro ndị eze). Ọ kee maka banyere otu narị afọ. Ya mere wee guzobe nke Mongol alaeze ukwu. Akpata, N'ezie, na-arụpụta - na review usoro.

Mmeri nke Central Asia na Transcaucasia

Na 1218 na Mongol agha merie Seven Rivers na East Turkestan - ala nke Naiman, na n'iru ha meghere ụzọ Khorezm, Bukhara, Samarkand na Urgench. The obodo e weere na-ebibi. Mongol sị na ụkpụrụ nke "chanwụrụ ụwa". Mgbe okenye nwa Genghis Khan malitere mkpesa, n'ihi na ọ bụ ya ulus, na ọ chọrọ na-edebe ya maka onwe ha ọgaranya, mgbe ahụ, a ọnwa gasịrị, ọ e gburu site na nsí akụ. Na 1220 ọ meriri ugwu Iran, Caucasus na Crimea.

Soro bulie onu na Russia

Na 1223 na Russian-isi we bia Mongol nnọchiteanya. Ha e gburu. The Mongol agbagharaghị àgwà dị otú ahụ na ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo, nakwa mgbe mmeri nke ndị agha na-Russian isi na agha na osimiri Kalka nwere a oriri. Ha na-etinye on board ndị mkpọrọ ka ndụ ma na nọdụ na ha, ebe ndokwa ememe mkpu nke ndị mmadụ na-anwụ anwụ mgbu. Gịnị bụ dị ịrịba ama bụ na Mongol bụ nanị 20 puku, mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Russian na Polovtsian agha dị iche iche na atụmatụ sitere na site na 40 ruo 100 puku. Ka ọ dịgodị, ndị agha nke Genghis Khan bịara Indus. Ya mere na-aga guzobe nke Mongol alaeze ukwu. Nkenke, i nwere ike tinye na na 1241, mgbe Russia meriri ma kpọọ ya ọkụ, ndị Mongol ruru Danube na Hungary na Poland. Luckily maka ha, ha we laghachi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na 240 afọ gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ na Russia.

Agha obodo na ida nke alaeze ukwu

Education Genghis Khan Mongolian ike mere na ihe ndị kasị ajọ agha mmeri. Ebere bụghị onye ọ bụla. Na Russia bụ egwu na oké ụjọ mgbe mbata nke ndị agha Batu. Mongol khans nwayọọ nwayọọ nweela isi obodo na-na-erughị energetic. Esiwanye n'etiti Ise-okwu. Ka ọ dịgodị, Russia sikwuo ike, na n'elu yoke guzo na Ugra osimiri.

mmetụta

The Russian autocracy sikwuo ike, ike na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks. Ọ hapụrụ Kazan Khanate, nke meriri Ivan Grozny, na-atọhapụ banyere 60 puku. Russian ohu. Na Kazan Tatars biri n'udo, na-aghọ a Gentile Alakụba. Ọ nọgidere a iberibe nke Mongol Alaeze Ukwu ke Crimea. Ya serene Onye nwem Prince Potemkin meriri. Wee na-adị n'obodo Kasimov, Ryazan anāchi achi, nke dịwo biri Tatars. Na XV narị afọ, mgbe Zolotaya Orda tisara, mgbe ahụ, ọ pụtara na Siberia Khanate ke ala esịmde nke Ob River. Naanị agha Ermak na ụdi mmepe nke Siberia na XVI na narị afọ ekwe Russia na-ewu na ya n'ókè-ala, ọhụrụ e wusiri ike.