EGP South Africa: nkọwa, e ji mara, isi atụmatụ na-akpali eziokwu

South Africa bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị baa ọgaranya mba Africa. Ọ na-agwakọta oge ochie ma n'oge a, na ebe nke onye nke isi obodo - atọ. Isiokwu na-esonụ na-akọwa otú EGP South Africa, ọdịdị mbara ala na atụmatụ nke a dị ịtụnanya ala.

Isi

A ala mara na ụwa dị ka South Africa, ndị obodo ahụ na-akpọ ndị Azan. Nke a aha bilie n'oge iwu nke segregation na amaala African bi e ji dị ka onye ọzọ colonial. Na mgbakwunye na mba akpọ, e nwere 11 ukara obodo aha, nke a na-ejikọta ya na a dịgasị iche iche nke ala asụsụ.

EGP South Africa bụ ihe ndị ọzọ mma karịa ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ na Afrika. Nke a bụ nanị African obodo na bụ akụkụ nke nnukwu iri abụọ. Ha na-abịa ebe a maka diamonds na-anọ amụta. Onye ọ bụla nke itoolu anāchi achi nke South Africa nwere ya odida obodo, eke gburugburu ebe obibi na agbụrụ mejupụtara, nke na-adọta ọtụtụ ndị njem nleta. The obodo nwere iri na otu n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba na ọtụtụ ntụrụndụ.

Ọnụnọ nke atọ n'isi obodo, ma eleghị anya, na-agbakwụnye iche nke South Africa. Ha na-ekewa n'etiti ndị dị iche iche ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Pretoria bụ ọchịchị nke mba ahụ, otú ahụ ka obodo a na-atụle ga-mbụ isi obodo. Ọkàikpe, na-anọchite anya ndị Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu bụ na Bloemfontein. Na Cape Town, ọ bụ nzuko omeiwu ụlọ.

EGP South Africa: nkenke

The ala emi odude ke Southern Africa, n'ókè nke Indian na Atlantic oké osimiri. Na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke South Africa agbata obi bụ Mozambique na Swaziland, ke edere - Namibia si n'ebe ugwu ókè ala mbak na Botswana na Zimbabwe. Near Drakensberg Mountains odude fọdụrụ Lesotho Alaeze.

Site ebe (1,221,912 sq. Km) bụ SAR 24 na ụwa. Na size ọ bụ n'ọkwá ka nke UK banyere ugboro ise. Njirimara EGP South Africa ga-ezu na-enweghị a nkọwa nke coastline, a ngụkọta ogologo nke 2798 km. Ugwu ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke mba na-abụghị nke ukwuu dissected. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke n'ọnụ mmiri bụ St. Helina na na Cape nke Good Hope. E nwekwara ndị bays na coves of St. Francis, Falsbey, Algoa, Walker, na-eri nri ụlọ. Cape Agulhas bụ ndịda nke Afrika.

Wide ohere abụọ oké osimiri na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa South Africa EGP. N'ụsọ oké osimiri nke ala bụ ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri si Europe ka South-East Asia na Far East.

akụkọ

EGP South Africa adịghịrị ha otu. On ya mgbanwe emetụta dị iche iche ihe ndị mere eme na steeti. Ọ bụ ezie na mbụ niile pụtara ebe a ná mmalite nke oge anyị, kasị dị ịrịba ama mgbanwe South Africa EGP na oge wee ebe si na Asaa na XX narị afọ.

The European bi, na-anọchite anya ndị Dutch, ndị Germany na French Huguenots, malitere ibi na ókèala ndị Republic of South Africa na 1650s. Tupu na ala ndị a biri Bantu, Coy na mkpụrụ ego, Bushmen, na ndị ọzọ. The mbata nke colonists dugara a usoro nke warrior na ndị obodo.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1795 isi colonizer aghọ UK. The British ọchịchị pushes Boers (Dutch ọrụ ugbo) na Free State na Transvaal n'ógbè, abolishes ohu. Na XIX narị afọ amalite agha n'etiti Boers na British.

Na 1910 ọ kere Union of South Africa dị ka akụkụ nke British chịrị. Na 1948, ndị National Party (Boer)-enweta nkwanye ntuli aka na-esetịpụrụ ndị apartheid ọchịchị, nke na-ekewa ndị bi n'ime nwa na-acha ọcha. Apartheid ghara inweta nwa bi na nke fọrọ nke nta niile ikike, ọbụna ụmụ amaala. Na 1961 na mba ghọrọ onwe ha Republic of South Africa na-emecha kwụsị apartheid ọchịchị.

bi

Na Republic of South Africa bụ n'ụlọ ka banyere 52 nde mmadụ. EGP South Africa mmetụta dị ukwuu agbụrụ mejupụtara nke ndị bi na. Na na ya na ọnọdụ na ọgaranya eke ego nke ala n'ókèala dọtara Europe.

Ugbu a na South Africa nke fọrọ nke nta 10% nke ndị bi na agbụrụ ọcha Europe - Afrikaners na Anglo-Africa, bụ ndị bụ ụmụ nke colonialist biri. Negroid agbụrụ Na Zulu, Tsonga, Sotho, Tswana, Xhosa. Ha bụ banyere 80%, fọdụrụ 10% - mulattos, India na Asians. Ọtụtụ ndị India bụ ụmụ nke ndị ọrụ me ka Africa na-eto eto okpete.

Population azọrọ dị iche iche okpukpe. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi n'ime Kraịst. Ha na-akwado ndị Zionist chọọchị, Pentikọstal, Dutch mgbanwe, ndị Katọlik, Methodist. Fọrọ nke nta 15% na-ekweghị na Chineke, naanị 1% - Alakụba.

11 ukara asụsụ nke omume na mba. The kasị ewu ewu n'etiti ha bụ ndị English na Afrikaans. : Nwoke mmuta bụ 87%, inyom - 85,5%. Na ụwa nke mba ya enyene 143rd ebe na okwu nke-akụziri.

Natural ọnọdụ na ihe onwunwe

Na Republic of South Africa ọkọnọ nile di iche iche nke dị iche iche Okirikiri ala na ihu igwe zones: site subtropical na desert. Drakensberg Mountains, emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na-akpụ akpụ were were n'ime ala dị larịị. Ebe a na-eto eto mmiri udu na subtropical ọhịa. N'ebe ndịda na- na Cape Ugwu. Na Atlantic n'ụsọ oké osimiri bụ Namib Desert, tinyere ndị ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke Orange River erukwa nke Kalahari Desert.

Na mba na e nwere ịrịba mee nke ịnweta ego. Ebe m gold, zirconium, chromite, diamonds. Na South Africa, bụ mee ígwè, platinum na uranium ores, phosphorites, coal. E nwere ego nke zinc, tin, ọla kọpa, na obere ọla ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka titanium, antimony, na vanadium.

na aku na uba

Atụmatụ EGP South Africa aghọwo ihe dị mkpa maka mmepe nke akụ na ụba mba. 80% nke ígwè ngwaahịa na-emepụta na Afrika, 60% na-abịa site na Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ. South Africa bụ ihe kasị mepụtara mba na Afrika, n'agbanyeghị na nke a, na-enweghị ọrụ ọnụego bụ 23%.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na-arụrụ ọrụ na ọrụ ngalaba ulo oru. The ulo oru ndi oru na ewe ihe 25% nke ndị bi na, 10% bụ ọrụ ugbo. South Africa nwere a na-mepụtara ego oru, telekomunikashions, na ọkụ eletrik. E nwere nnukwu mee nke eke ego, na-kasị mma mepụtara na Ngwuputa na mbupụ nke coal.

N'etiti isi ndi nke agriculture bụ anụ ụlọ (ozuzu enyí nnụnụ, ewu, atụrụ, okuko, ehi), viticulture, oke ohia, azu (hake, oké osimiri bass, azu ankovi, mokrel, makarel, okporoko, wdg), n'Ubi. Republic ebupụ karịa 140 iche iche nke mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri.

Isi trading mmekọ na China, na US, Germany, Britain, na Netherlands, India na Switzerland. N'etiti African aku mmekọ - Mozambique, Nigeria na Zimbabwe.

The obodo nwere a na-mepụtara njem usoro, setịpụrụ mma tax iwu, mmepe nke ichekwa ego na bank na mkpuchi azụmahịa.

na-akpali eziokwu

• The ụwa mbụ ọma n'obi transplant na Cape Town mere dọkịta na-awa Christiaan Barnard na 1967.
• The kasị efere na ụwa bụ na Vaal River na South Africa. Ọ e hiwere site na idobe a gigantic meteorite.
• Cullinan diamond erikpu 621 g a hụrụ na 1905 na South African mines. Ọ bụ nnukwu na mbara ala mkpuru iche.

• Nke a bụ nanị African mba na-abụghị nke ụwa nke atọ.
• Ọ bụ ebe a na oge mbụ nwetara mmanụ ụgbọala si coal.
• Na ókèala nke mba na-etolite banyere 18 000 nwa afọ osisi na bụ n'ụlọ ka 900 ụdị nnụnụ.
• South Africa bụ nke mbụ mba na n'afọ ofufo ajụla ngwá agha nuklia dị.
• The kasị ukwuu ọtụtụ fossils emi odude ke South African Karoo mpaghara.

ọgwụgwụ

Isi atụmatụ EGP South Africa - a kọmpat n'ókèala, a obosara tinyekwa na oké osimiri, bụ ebe na-esote oké osimiri ụzọ ejikọta Europe na Asia na Far East. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na-arụrụ ọrụ na ọrụ ngalaba ulo oru. N'ihi na nnukwu mee nke eke ego na South African Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ na-ọma mepụtara. The bi bụ naanị 5% nke Africa bi, Otú ọ dị, bụ ihe kasị mepere emepe obodo na Afrika. Ruru ya ọnọdụ akụ na ụba, South Africa na-ewe a siri ike ọnọdụ n'ụwa.