Elizabeth Tudor 1: biography, anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ iwu. Njirimara 1 Elizabeth Tudor dị ka a ọchịchị. Ònye na-achị mgbe 1 Elizabeth Tudor?

1 Elizabeth Tudor (afọ nke ndụ - 1533-1603) - Queen of England, onye na-eme na-eme ka e guzobere onyinyo nke Golden Age. Ọ na-kweere na kụrụ ya na ya osisi. Domestic na mba ọzọ na Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 bụ bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu na-akpali. Ke ibuotikọ emi anyị ga-ekwu banyere ya na-achị, ga-ewetara ya biography. Ị maara, gịnị bụ Tudor Elizabeth 1 dị ka a ọchịchị. Ke adianade do, anyị ga-asị a okwu ole na ole banyere onye na-achị mgbe ya.

Mmalite Elizabeth

N'ọdịnihu queen A mụrụ Greenwich Obí, emi odude ke London taa. Nke a bụ ihe dị mkpa mere maka mba ahụ 7 September 1533. Nna ya bụ Henry nke Asatọ nke Elizabeth, King of England, na nne - Anne Boleyn. Nwanyị a bụ a odibo nke nsọpụrụ n'ihu mbụ nwunye Henry. Iji ịlụ ya, ọ gbara alụkwaghịm nwunye ya, Ekaterinoy Aragonskoy, bụ onye na-enweghị ike inye ya onye nketa, na si n'okpuru ikike nke pope. Na 1534 Henry nke Asatọ kwuru onwe ya isi nke English chọọchị. Anne Boleyn (nọchiri n'okpuru osise nke ya na Henry) na May 1536 e gburu, na-ekwu ya iko. Ma ezigbo kpatara nke nwanyị ahụ bụ na ọ pụghị inye mụrụ nwa nwoke, Henry, onye nketa ka ocheeze.

Fate Elizabeth n'oge ọchịchị nke Edward VI

Elizabeth na oge n'etiti ọnwụ nke nna-ya, nke mere na 1547, na ya onwe ya accession ocheeze na-aga site na nsogbu ahụ, nke, N'ezie, gosiri na ya agwa. N'oge ọchịchị nke Edward VI nke, ya ọkara nwanne, bụ onye chịrị site na 1547 ruo 1553, ọdịnihu Queen bụ n'amaghị ama idem ke a izu ọjọọ, Onyenwe Admiral Thomas Seymour. Ekworo nke Eduardu Seymuru, nwanne ya nwoke, onye n'oge na-nta nke Edward VI bụ nchebe nke alaeze, Thomas mere elezighị ọtụtụ ugboro. Ihe omume ndị a mere ka o chee na ya nwere atụmatụ maka a kuu d'etat. Plan Thomas ndọ Elizabeth ghọrọ n'elu akpachapụghị anya. Alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ na-emezughị na January 1549 na jide.

N'oge ọchịchị nke Mary m na Elizabeth akara aka

N'oge ọchịchị nke Mary m Tudor, ntụgharị n'oge oge site 1553 ruo 1558, Elizabeth nwetara a oké ihe ize ndụ. Mary na-abịa ọkara nwanne nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nwunye eze. Mgbe Henry gbara alụkwaghịm Catherine, nne ya, na ọ bụ ugbua na ezu okenye na-aghọta na ihere metụtara ya. Maria ghọrọ a fanatical Catholic, rụrụ proispanskih ebere na iwe na nwa-nwayi Anny Boleyn.

Mgbe ọ na-arịgo ocheeze ahụ, Maria na-egwuri a agbamakwụkwọ Filip, bụ onye na-eketa ubi na Spanish ocheeze. Nke a anana-a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke plots. Ihe kacha mkpa n'ime ha nwere ike na-ewere dị ka ihe omume na January 1554 Thomas Wyatt bu nnupu isi. Ọ bụ ezie na Elizabeth o doro anya na arụkwaghịm n'okpukpe Katọlik, ọzọ ẹkenam ke ala, ndị Protestant akwụsịghị ebe ha na-enwe olileanya na ya. N'ihi nke a, ndị dị adị bụ a egwu egwu ka Elizabeth Mary (ya Eserese na-egosi n'okpuru).

N'ọdịnihu queen mgbe nsogbu Wyatt e jidere ya, mgbe enịm ke Tower. N'ebe ahụ, ọ ga-anọ 2 ọnwa. Elizabeth mgbe a afọ kemgbe n'okpuru nso nlekọta Woodstock, emi odude nso Oxford.

Entry ocheeze. Ajụjụ nke ụka Ọdịdị

1 Tudor Elizabeth wee ocheeze 17 November 1558. Ná nzukọ nke nzuko omeiwu, ẹkenịmde ke January n'afọ ọzọ, e welitere ajụjụ banyere chọọchị Ọdịdị. The Queen dị njikere iche popu nke Rome na Church of England, ma n'ihe ndị ọzọ na-aga ime ihe a na-achọghị mgbanwe spirit, na oke-elekọta. The House of Commons kwuru okwu banyere mkpa ọ dị ka a buu na nkwụsi mgbanwe. Elizabeth prefers episcopal uka na ọrụ, nakweere na-akpọ elu-chọọchị. Na njedebe, a ikwere ya ahụ, a na-akpọ via media, nke si sụgharịa Latin pụtara "n'etiti ụzọ." Elizabeth mgbanwe mata atụmatụ nke Church of England, nke e chekwara ka ụbọchị. O sina dị, ha anana-enweghị afọ ojuju na ndị Protestant, ma ndị Katọlik.

Ajụjụ nke inwe

Nzuko omeiwu, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị ọchịchị na-enwe nchegbu banyere ọdịnihu nke Protestantism na mba. The eziokwu na Queen Elizabeth 1 Tudor bụ ikpeazụ nke Tudor usoro ndị eze. Ka ọchịchị echiche na nhọrọ onwe onye emewo ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ nọgidere na-ruo ọnwụ ya a na-amaghị nwoke. Protestant achọghị ekwe a Catholic ocheeze. Ma Meri Stuart, Queen of Scots, bụ ndị nwere ikike okpueze England, dị nnọọ a Catholic. N'eziokwu, Elizabeth nọ naanị ya. Ọ kpebiri chere ajụjụ nke inwe. Ọ enen correctness nke ogologo-eguzo eze (fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 45). Otú ọ dị, dị ka isi ike nke Queen maka oge mbụ mere ka iwe na akụkụ nke nzuko omeiwu, ma n'akụkụ ezigbo ndụmọdụ. Nke a bụ karịsịa njirimara 1566.

Relations of England na Scotland

Ahụ pụta ìhè n'oge a si England mmekọahụ Scotland, ebe ke 1559 n'ike n'ike kwuru onwe ya Ndozigharị. Ọ ẹkenịmde ihe nsogbu megide French regent, Marii Giz, onye chịrị na aha Mary Stuart, nwa ya nwaanyị. Mariya Giz bụ n'oge ahụ ka onye na-achị Scotland na nwunye nke King of France. Iji ihe ndị nnupụisi ahụ ike inapu ndi French si mba, ọ we were aka nke Elizabeth. Na 1562 na a ogologo oge mgbe na Queen batara na esịtidem ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke France. Ọ na-akwado ndị na-enupụ isi Protestant (Huguenot) ọzọ. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Elizabeth na-akwado ndị Protestant na Netherlands, bụ onye kwuru okwu megide King of Spain Philip II.

The mmekọrịta Mary Stuart

Na 1561, ọ nwụrụ François II, di Meri Stuart. Mgbe nke a Mary laghachikwara n'ala nna ha. Ọ malitere ọtụtụ n'ihe controversial na mgbagwoju akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmekọrịta ya Elizabeth. N'adịghị ka ndị ikpeazụ, Maria bụghị a statesman. Ọ nọ na-wepụ mgbe mgbu mmadu Genriha Styuarta, ya nke abụọ, na nwunye. Mary tụrụ ya mkpọrọ, ma ọ lanahụrụ. Ọ furu efu na-emegide onye meriri ya agha, wee biri na England, gafere ókè.

Ẹkenịmde ke May 1568 mbata nke Stuart England kere nsogbu ụfọdụ maka heroine nke isiokwu a. 1 Elizabeth Tudor ka a ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bụ na a n'ọnọdụ siri ike. The ọchịchị nwere Mary dị ka onye mkpọrọ, ya mere, ọ malitere iji na-adọta mmegide. Na England, anya malitere distemper, otu n'ime ihe ndị mere nke e jikọtara ya na ọnụnọ nke Stuart. Ndị nnupụisi na njedebe nke 1569 nupụrụ isi na ugwu. Na February 1570, e nwere a popu, n'oge nke 1 Elizabeth Tudor e kwuru wepụ, na ụmụ amaala ya a tọhapụrụ site na iyi na Queen. Katọlik na-amanye efehe ná mba ọzọ. Ha na-dabeere na Afrika seminarị nwetara ebe e guzobere na zụlitere Catholic ụmụ okoro na zigara ozi ala ọzọ na England. Nzube nke popu bụ ịchụtu Elizabeth na-enyemaka nke French party nke guise na ndị ọchịchị ụwa nke Spain. N'ocheeze e zubere ka kwem Mary Stuart.

Nzuko omeiwu na Queen ozi malitere ịchọ echesinụ iwu megide Katọlik, karịsịa ndị ozi ala ọzọ. Ridolfi izu ọjọọ megide Elizabeth chọpụtara na 1572. Ọ bụ aka na Mary Stuart. Mgbe nke a izu ọjọọ Ministers and Parliamentarians na choro ebubo Mary na ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru. Otú ọ dị, Elizabeth kpebiri itinye aka, otú ahụ ka nkwenye na-adịghị mere. Mgbe gafere a mkpebi ịnapụ Stewart nri ocheeze nke England, Elizabeth amanye ya mkpebi.

N'ohu nke ndị nchụàjà si seminarị si 1580 malitere ike ndị Jesuit. Spain ke otu afọ ama weghaara Portugal. N'ihi na a ogologo oge, Elizabeth aka nnupu isi nke Netherlands megide Spain. Nke a, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị mmehie na-na British raids na Spanish chịrị duru ndị agha.

William na Silent Murder. nkwekorita Association

Obere oge mgbe ibé e ekwuchi Throckmorton, na 1584, ọ bịara mara na na Netherlands, e gburu site William na Silent, bụ onye a Catholic. English Protestant kpụrụ na-akpọ Treaty Association. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya bụ mgbuchapụ nke M. Stewart na ikpe ga-mgbalị ha na nwunye eze.

Nkwado nke Dutch nnupụisi. The egbu Marii Styuart

Ọnwụ nke William na Silent ada ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na Dutch nnupụisi tụfuru ya onye ndú. Nke a na-amanye ndị Dutch Queen Elizabeth izipu na enyemaka nke British agha, nyere n'iwu site na Graf Lester. Ọ mere na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1585. Nke a bụ ihe na-emeghe aka bụ otu ihe a nkwupụta nke agha.

The mba ọzọ Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 anaghị ona mmadụ nile. Babington izu ọjọọ e ekwuchi 1586. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya bụ igbu Queen Elizabeth na ọchịchị Mary. Nke ikpeazụ so na ya. Ọ na-etinye na-ekpe ikpe. Dị ka mkpebi nakweere nzuko omeiwu na 1584-1585 afọ, ọ na ikpe ọnwụ. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1586 ama ada itie ke akpọkọta ndị omeiwu. Ọ ugboro ugboro ugboro ugboro olu chọrọ adịghị ahapụ oke ka Elizabeth. Mary nwere igbu February 8, 1587.

The Spanish Armada

Ọnwụ nke Mary na-eje ozi dị ka onye kwalite na-akpọ Catholic enterprise megide England. Summer Spanish Armada na 1588 bịara n'ime oké osimiri iji agbaji English nsoro na ikpuchi ọdịda na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke mba a nke Spanish Army. More karịa 8 awa bụrụkwa agha kere. Anwụ anwụ Armada dị ka a n'ihi na ọ nọ na-gburu. Ọ na-e gbasasịa, na na ụzọ Spain n'ihi oké ifufe, ahụhụ arọ losses.

Action megide Spain

Agha n'etiti England na Spain na-adịghị chie bụ, Otú ọ dị, na-emeghe esemokwu n'etiti ndị na-ekwu gara n'ihu. Henry III of, eze France, e gburu na 1589. Mgbe na Elizabeth dọkpụrụ n'ime a see na a ọhụrụ n'ihu. The Catholic League of France, na-akwado site Spain, na-emegide ọchịchị Henry IV nke, ruuru ịbụ onye nketa. Ọ bụ onye ndú nke otu nke Huguenots. Koroleva Elizaveta nyeere Henry ịlụ agha.

Nke a, na nkenke mba ọzọ amụma 1 Elizabeth Tudor. The table, n'ezie, ga-nyeere anyị na-enye ozi ndị ọzọ n'ụzọ dị mfe. Otú ọ dị, Queen bụ otú na-akpali omume ndị na-achọghị ka na-atụgharị nke a usoro nke na-eweta ozi. Anyị kweere na na otú ahụ ga-kwuru na esịtidem Politika Elizavety Tudor 1. The table ebe a ga-hiere ụzọ. Ihe banyere esịtidem na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Queen, anyị ugbua gwara. Nnọọ ọchịchọ ịmata mmekọrịta ya na-eje ozi na courtiers. Anyị na-enye gị na-ọma na ha.

The ozi na courtiers nke Elizabeth

The Queen gosiri oké iguzosi ike n'ihe ya entourage, nke, ma eleghị anya, na-egosighị ọ bụla eze. 1 Elizabeth Tudor, onye biography bụ a Agba ya pụrụ iche àgwà, onwe-ẹmende niile ozi ya. Uilyam Sesil mbụ bụ nwa akwukwo. Elizabeth dabeere na ya karịa onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọzọ advisors Queen bụ: Walter Mayldmey, Frensis Uolsingem, nwa William - Robert Cecil, na Thomas Smith. Ndị a bụ ndị ikom nke pụrụ iche ozi. N'agbanyeghị nke a, Elizabeth anọwo na-abụ ha nwaanyị na ukwu. Nke a bụ otu eziokwu dị mkpa n'ihi na ndị nwere mmasị na-agwa nke 1 Elizabeth Tudor.

The queen nwere nakwa ozi na courtiers. The kasị mara ọgụgụ ndị na-: Christopher Hatton, Graf Lester, na Robert Devereux, Earl nke Essex. Elizabeth nọkwa na dịtụ aloof Francis Bacon na Walter Rayleigh, n'ihi na ha na-atụkwasị obi n'àgwà ụmụ mmadụ, ma o nwere a elu uche nke na ha nwere ikike.

Mmekọrịta Elizabeth Earl nke Essex

Burley, bụ onye biri ruo mgbe 1598, chọrọ igosi na ihe ahụ mmetụta na ọnọdụ nke Robert Cecil, bụ ọdụdụ nwa ya. Ọ bụ nnọọ ike, ma o nwere onye nwere nkwarụ. Earl nke Essex, nwa oké ozu (ya Eserese e nyere n'elu), kwuru na ihe ndị ya. Na kpọọ nke Cadiz, nke mere na 1596, ọ na-akwụ a ebu isi ntule na oké ebube. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ kwụsịrị na-ejedebeghị na agha oké ọchịchọ, na mgbakwunye na nke a iwu, o nwere na-arụ ọgụ na Cecilia.

Elizabeth mere a mmasị nke Essex, a nwoke amara. Ọ enwe mmasị n'ebe àgwà ya. Otú ọ dị, eze nwaanyị na-adịghị otú mmasị na Essex, na-akwado ya na ize ndụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-agbalịsi. Ọ na-ama ụma na-akwalite elu Roberta Sesila, n'otu oge counteracting Essex na ebumnuche-ewetara ndị kasị elu ọnọdụ nke ha na-aga ime. Otú ahụ Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 na-akwanyere ùgwù na onye.

A ọnụ ọgụgụ nke onye clashes soro n'etiti Elizabeth na ya mmasị. Ozugbo queen ya jidere ya ntị, ka ọ furiously tụgharịa azụ ya, nzube ahapụ (ọzọ version, m nyere ya a ụra na ihu). The iyi egwu wee na mma agha ya, sị, na-agaghị anabata ndị dị otú ahụ ọ kparịrị onye ọ bụla na ọ bụ a isiokwu, ọ bụghị a ohu.

1599 bụ njedebe nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na Essex. Mgbe ahụ Elizabeth gwara mmasị ebelata nsogbu malitere na Ireland Tyrone. Mgbe anata niile dị mkpa ego site n'aka gọọmenti, ọ bụghị na-erube isi ntụziaka site London. Essex na arụmọrụ nke ihe aga-eme na-emezughị na mere a truce na ndị nnupụisi. Mgbe ahụ, na-na aka, nke iwu, ọ laghachiri England. Essex n'ihu ọha gbanwere ugbu a ọchịchị February 1601. Ọ gbalịrị ime ka ebuli dum London megide Queen. Essex e tinyere na ikpe na mgbe gburu na February 25, 1601.

The agha megide puritanism

Domestic Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 e ji eziokwu ahụ bụ na Queen gosiri iguzosi ike megide Puritanism. Ọ họpụtara 1583, Achịbishọp nke Canterbury, ha isi iro - John Vitgifta. Otú ọ dị, ndị mmegide na-achọghị ịda mbà. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị òtù ndị ụkọchukwu kpebiri atụgharị Presbyterianism. Ọ dịghịkwa anya kere a ije onye mgbaru ọsọ ahụ bụ mbibi nke episcopate. Puritan ejikwara iji mmetụta na House of Commons na ndị ọzọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị levers. Elizabeth emecha nwere ọgụ na mgba na House of Commons. Ruo mgbe afọ iri gara aga nke ọchịchị Queen a-ulo kwenyere fọrọ nke nta nanị Puritan. Na esemokwu na Elizabeth mgbe niile MPs jikọtara ejikọta. Ma ha lawara na ya na uche ọ bụghị nanị na nke nke mgbanwe nke Church of England, kamakwa ndị ọzọ: inwe ndị dị mkpa nke alụmdi na nwunye, na-emeso M. Stewart.

Brief nkọwa nke ọbubu-eze nke Elizabeth

Tudor ọbubu-eze nke Elizabeth 1 bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ike oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke England. Site ná mmalite, ndị Protestant kweere na Queen nọ Providence. O nwere obibi na-eto eto esịtidem na mpụga egwu, na ndị mmadụ ịhụnanya maka ya na-amụba, na ghọọ a òtù nzuzo karịrị oge. Domestic na mba ọzọ na Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 e-atụle ruo ogologo oge mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. Na na ụbọchị ndị a na-adịghị tawa mmasị na-achị achị. Njirimara 1 Elizabeth Tudor dị ka a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnụ ọgụgụ akpalite ọchịchọ ịmata ihe, ọ bụghị naanị otu akụkọ ihe mere eme ma n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ gburugburu ụwa.

Elizabeth ọnwụ

Koroleva Elizaveta nwụrụ Richmond Obí, emi odude ke a oge a na London. Ọ nwụrụ March 24, 1603. Dịcha, na ikpeazụ oge Elizabeth aha ya ma ọ bụ kwuru ya onye nọchiri ya. Ha ghọrọ James VI, King of Scotland (James m nke England). Nke ahụ bụ ihe ndị na-achịkwa mgbe 1 Elizabeth Tudor.

James m

Afọ nke ndụ ya - 1566-1625. Yakov 1 English ghọrọ ndị mbụ eze England, na-anọchite anya Stuart usoro ndị eze. Ọ bịara ocheeze March 24, 1603 James ghọrọ ndị mbụ eze ukwu, onye chịrị ma alaeze emi odude ke British n'Àgwàetiti, n'otu oge. Dị ka a otu ike, na United Alaeze n'oge ahụ adịghị. Scotland na England ndị kwụụrụ, nke na-aga site a eze. Akụkọ nke na-achị achị mgbe 1 Elizabeth Tudor, bụ ọ na-erughị na-akpali karịa oge nke ọbubu-eze nke Elizabeth. Ma nke ahụ bụ ihe ọzọ akụkọ.