England The History of Afghanistan

The mgbanwe nke ikeketeorie ya imperialist ogbo ji ọhụrụ mgbalị nke England ka ya onwe ya na Afghanistan. Na ha ajụwo Russia si amaghị na 1873 tụlee Afghanistan a "na-anọpụ iche mpaghara" n'etiti Russian onwunwe-Central Asia na British India na-eme ihe dị ka guarantors nke onwe nke Afghanistan, British empaya malitere ọzọ iji kwadebe maka agha. Na 1878 malitere a ọhụrụ mbuso agha nke British na Afghanistan. Bi a ịrịba akụkụ nke ya n'ókèala, England na May 1879 kwubiri na Emir Yakub bonded nkwekorita nke gandamak mere ka ihe tiwaputara iwe na mba. The ndị mmadụ nke Afghanistan ọzọ bilie ntọhapụ mgba. Ke ọwọrọetop agha Maiwand (27 July 1879) na ụdi mgbochi nke British agha ke Kandahar, na agha nke Kabul na Ghazni, na British ahụhụ arọ weere na 1880 a manyere gbapụ ha agha. Na ọnọdụ ndị a, ihe British colonialists okpu n'ụzọ zuru ezu nweta ude si Afghanistan nke niile isiokwu nkwekorita nke gandamak. Na anụ ụlọ iwu, ndị Afghan-isi-ejigide onwe, ma naanị site Viceroy nke British India bụ ndị na-ebe ke Afghanistan mba ọzọ mmekọahụ.

War machibidoro ndị England Afghanistan nwere na-eri nnukwu mmadụ na ihe onwunwe funahụrụ, imebi elu agha nke mba, mere oké njọ mmebi agriculture, crafts, anụ ụlọ ahia, impeded socio-akụ na ụba na omenala mmepe nke mba dị ka a dum.

Ke akpatre iri afọ abụọ nke XIX narị afọ. Afghanistan e rụrụ a usoro nke jikoro nwere ebumnuche nke guzosie ike na ntọala nke a centralized ala nke absolutist ụdị. Aims na-emesi nke Central ikike na irubere ndị na-enupụ isi Emir Abdur Rahman Khan (1880-1901) na-ebe-eme resettlement nke Afghans na n'ebe ugwu na Oasis ebe Bal ha, Mazar-i-Sharif, Baghlan, Kunduz, Hazarajat, Haza-Reitz, aimaq ndị mmadụ, Turkmens, Uzbeks - n'ebe ndịda na mpaghara; Ulo nakwa kemgbe Nurystan mara. Ndị ọbịa natara ala - n'efu ma ọ bụ na mma okwu. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a migrations na-anọchi obodo ọchịchị centralized ndutịm ngwa gawa site na emir ahọpụtakwa ndị gọvanọ nke anāchi achi, nke dabeere o kere a mgbe ndị agha, ndị uwe ojii na Gendarmerie. Emir ghọtara dị ka isi nke niile Alakụba nke mba ahụ na-akparaghị ókè, edidem ọ bụ ezie na kachasi mkpa imebi mmetụta nke oké ozu na ọnọdụ nke Afghan ebo nile, na ọ bụghị ike. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-anọgide na-erite uru nke ọma ma ọ bụ na-ezughị ezu gụpụrụ tax. Social nkwado nke ndị ọchịchị nke Emir ndị agha na ala ndioru govanmenti na feudal, bụ ndị na, nwere ala dị ka onwe onwunwe na ọ bụghị inwe a agha militias, mkpa a ike centralized na ikike na mgbe agha. Ha emegbu ndị Afghan na-abụghị Afghan tax-akwụ ụgwọ bi, ọtụtụ ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ, anakọtara tumadi na obiọma, ụtụ isi na levies.