Formula cellulose. Chemical nkịtị Njirimara. Nkwadebe, ngwa

Na-aghọ maara adị kwa ụbọchị ihe maka anyị, nke na-ubiquitous anyị kwa ụbọchị ndụ, ọ ga-abụ omume ka ewere enweghị ojiji nke organic chemical ngwaahịa. Ogologo oge tupu chemical nwere Anselm Payá, dị ka a N'ihi nke a, o nwere ike na-achọpụta na akọwa na 1838 a polysaccharide nke natara aha "cellulose" (ewepụtara French cellulose na Latin cellula, nke pụtara "cell kaboodu"), nke a onwunwe nke a umi ifịk ifịk-eji na mmepụta ndị kasị mkpa ihe.

Mụbara ihe ọmụma nke pulp emewo ka a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe, mere na ya na ndabere. The akwụkwọ dị iche iche na akara ule, paperboard, plastic akụkụ na nke eri (acetate, viscose rayon, ọla kọpa-amonia), polima fim, enamels na varnishes, detergents, nri mmako (E460) na ọbụna Ahịhịa anwụrụ na ntụ ntụ na-na ngwaahịa nke mmepụta na nhazi nke pulp.

Pure cellulose bụ a na-acha ọcha siri ike na a pụtara mma Njirimara, nwere magburu onwe iguzogide dị iche iche chemical na ahụ mmadụ.

Nature họọrọ cellulose (cellulose) dị ka ha bụ isi ewu ihe owuwu. Na osisi ụwa ọ bụ ihe ndabere maka cell mgbidi nke osisi na ndị ọzọ na elu osisi. Na purest ụdị ndammana na-ewere ọnọdụ cellulose bụ owu nkpuru ntutu.

The pụrụ iche Njirimara nke ihe a na-ekpebisi ike site na ya mbụ Ọdịdị. cellulose usoro nwere ngụkọta ndekọ (C6 H10 O5) n nke anyị na-ahụ a akpọ polymeric Ọdịdị. Ugboro ugboro a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ugboro β-glucose fọduru enwe a ọzọ zuru ezu nke otú - [C6 H7 O2 (OH) 3] -, jikọọ n'ime a ogologo linear molekul.

Molekụla cellulose usoro akowa ya pụrụ iche chemical Njirimara iguzogide corrosive gburugburu. Ọzọkwa pulp nwere nnukwu iguzogide ikpo, ọbụna na 200 degrees Celsius ihe onwunwe na-ekwusi ya Ọdịdị na-adịghị ebibi. Autoignition pụtara na a okpomọkụ nke 420 ° C.

Ọ dịghị obere mara mma cellulose na anụ ahụ ha Njirimara. The bughi usoro nke cellulose n'ụdị ogologo uzo nwere site na 300 na 10,000 glucose nkeji-enweghị n'akụkụ alaka, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na-ekpebi ndị dị elu kwụsie ike nke umi. Formula glucose na-egosi otú a plurality nke hydrogen nkekọ rara cellulose esiwọrọ bụghị naanị elu n'ibu ike, ma na-elu elasticity. The results nke gbasara nyocha nhazi a plurality nke chemical nwere na-eme nnyocha bụ ihe e kere eke nke a nlereanya nke cellulose macromolecules. Ọ bụ a isiike gburugburu na nzọụkwụ 2-3 nke mbụ larịị, nke a na Nọsi'ike ruru intramolecular hydrogen agbụ.

Ọ bụghị cellulose usoro na ya ruo n'ókè nke polymerization bụ a isi e ji mara ọtụtụ bekee. N'ihi ya na raw owu esịmde ọnụ ọgụgụ nke glucosidic residues 2500-3000, na ọcha owu - si 900 na 1000, ọcha osisi pulp nwere egosi 800-1000, regenerating na cellulose na ole ha na-ebelata ka 200-400, na cellulose acetate na ihe ulo oru ya àmà site 150 na 270 "links" na molekul.

A ngwaahịa maka eme cellulose bụ osisi ihe onwunwe, bụ isi bụ osisi. Ihe bụ isi usoro na-agụnye mmepụta nke osisi ibe dị iche iche na pulping ọgwụ, ndị dị ọcha, ihicha na ịcha okokụre ngwaahịa.

Ụdi ọgwụgwọ nke cellulose na-eme ka o kwe omume iji nweta a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe na chọrọ anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara na-ekwe ka na-emepụta a dịgasị iche iche nke ngwaahịa, na-enweghị ndụ nke mmadụ n'oge a siri ike iche n'echiche. The pụrụ iche usoro nke cellulose, gbanwee chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ ọgwụgwọ, ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka mmepụta nke ihe nke ndị a pụrụ iche na ọdịdị, ka ha ga-ọtụtụ-eji chemical ụlọ ọrụ, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na ndị ọzọ na ubi nke mmadụ ọrụ.