Gallium - a metal na-agbaze nke dị n'aka

Gallium - metal, nke na-agbaze, ke ubọk. The umi nwere a agbaze ebe nke bụ ^ihe 29,76 C. Mgbe enịm ke ọkụ n'aka, ọ nwayọọ nwayọọ amalite agbanwe site siri ike ka mmiri mmiri n'ụdị.

A nkenke akụkọ ihe mere eme

Gịnị mere i ji akpọ ndị metal na agbazenụ n'aka gị? Ka ugbua kwuru n'elu, a na ihe onwunwe mara dị ka gallium definition. Ya n'ọnụ adị buru amụma azụ na 1870 Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-ede akwụkwọ nke table nke chemical ọcha - ala Rọshịa bụ Dmitri Mendeleev. The ndabere maka ntoputa nke dị otú ahụ ọtụtụ ndị chere bụ na-amụ ha Njirimara nke ọtụtụ ọla. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụla theorist apụghị chere na a metal na-agbaze na aka gị, e nwere nke bụ eziokwu.

Ekwe omume nke synthesizing ukwuu fusible ihe onwunwe, onye ọdịdị na-atụghị Mendeleev owụt French ọkà mmụta sayensị Emil Lekok de Boisbaudran. Na 1875, ọ ịga nke ọma na-akpa iche gallium si zinc ore. N'oge nwere na ihe onwunwe ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ a metal na agbazenụ gị aka.

Ọ maara na Emil Boisbaudran nwetara bukwanu isi ike na ntọhapụ nke a ọhụrụ mmewere nke zinc ore. N'oge mbụ nwere Ọ bụ ike mepụtara dị 0,1 grams nke gallium. Otú ọ dị, ọbụna na bụ iji gosi na ihe ijuanya onwunwe nke ihe onwunwe.

Ebe ya emee na ọdịdị gallium

Gallium na-ezo aka ihe ndị ahụ na-adịghị hụrụ n'ụdị ore ego na ya. The ihe onwunwe na-nnọọ diffused na jikọrọ ọnụ. Na ọdịdị ya emee ka akụkụ nke nnọọ obere minerals dị ka gallium na zengeit. Na laabu nwere, a obere ego nke gallium nwere ike natara site ores nke zinc, aluminum, germanium, ígwè. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-hụrụ na bauxite, coal ego, ndị ọzọ ịnweta ego.

Olee otú iji nweta gallium

Ugbu a, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-synthesized metal na-agbaze na aka gị, aluminum ngwọta na-emepụta n'oge anụcha alumina. Mwepụ nke nnukwu nke aluminum na usoro ugboro ugboro metal ịta, na alkali ngwọta nke nwere a obere nkezi nke gallium. Ndị dị otú ahụ ihe onwunwe na-kewapụrụ ngwọta site electrolysis.

Fields nke ngwa

taa gallium ahụghị ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ. Ụta ndị nile iji aluminum, nke nwere yiri Njirimara dị ka a siri ike. N'agbanyeghị nke a, gallium anya ekwe ihe onwunwe, dị ka nwere ihe ndị magburu onwe okporo ọkụ Njirimara. Dị otú ahụ metal nwere ike nwere ike iji na-emepụta ihe nke transistors, elu ike rectifiers, anyanwụ ogwe. Gallium bụ dị ka zuru okè ngwọta maka mmepụta nke ngwa anya coatings nke enyo, nke ga-enwe ndị kasị elu reflectivity.

Isi mgbochi ojiji nke gallium na ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ elu na-eri nke ya njikọ si ores na mineral. The price kwa ton nke metal na ụwa ahịa nke ihe karịrị $ 1.2 nde.

Ka ụbọchị, na ojiji nke gallium hụrụ irè naanị na nkà mmụta ọgwụ. The metal na mmiri mmiri n'ụdị a na-eji nwayọọ ọkpụkpụ ọnwụ na ndị mmadụ na-ata ahụhụ site cancer ọrịa. Ọ na-eji maka ngwa ngwa akara nke na-agba ọbara na ọnụnọ nke miri nnọọ emi ọnyá na ozu na-emetụta. Na nke ikpeazụ ahụ, vaskụla occlusion gallium anaghị iduga guzobe egbochi mkpụkọ nke ọbara.

Nti nwere na gallium

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, gallium - a metal na-agbaze gị aka. Ebe ọ bụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na a chọrọ maka mgbanwe ihe onwunwe ke mmiri mmiri ala, bụ ubé karịa 29 ^{° C,} ọ bụ zuru ezu na-jide ya aka. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, na mbụ siri ike ihe na-amalite gbazee tupu anyị anya.

Oputara na-adọrọ mmasị nnwale nwere ike rụrụ na gallium sikwuo ike. Ọkọnọ metal nēche mụbaa n'oge solidification. Iji mepụta ihe na-akpali ahụmahụ bụ iji ebe ahụ na mmiri mmiri gallium ke iko mkpọ. Ọzọ, mkpa ka ị na-amalite jụrụ ikike. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, ọ ga-hụrụ otú afụ ga-akpụ nke metal kristal. Ha ga-enwe a bluish agba, na iche ọlaọcha na agba na-bụ ihe e ji mara nke a na mmiri mmiri na ihe onwunwe. Ọ bụrụ na ị adịghị akwụsị jụrụ, crystallizing gallium emecha ezumike iko mkpọ.

Ná mmechi

Ya mere, anyị chọpụta nke metal na-gbazee ya n'aka. Taa, gallium nwere ike dị na ire-eduzi ha onwe ha nwere. Otú ọ dị, na kọntaktị na ihe onwunwe ga-abụ nnọọ anya. Solid gallium bụ a na-abụghị ndị na-egbu egbu umi. Otú ọ dị, ruo ogologo oge na kọntaktị na ihe onwunwe na mmiri mmiri n'ụdị nwere ike otú iduga na-atụghị anya ya pụta n'ihi na ike ruo mgbe akụkụ okuku ume na njide, mkpọnwụ nke aka na ụkwụ na ụmụ mmadụ banye a amaghị onwe ya.