Gbaa ụka nke tii na tii Russia

Gbaa ụka bụ tii polyphenol ọxịdashọn ngwakọta na enzymes (enzymes) ugbu ke tii akwukwo. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a n'ụdị theaflavins na thearubigins na-enye infusion tii (nwa), a mara aja aja na agba na a ọbara ọbara tinge.

Gbaa ụka bụ a usoro nke chemical Jeremaya mere na-erukwa na dị iche iche. Ọ na-adabere mpụga ọnọdụ (ọkụ, okpomọkụ, iru mmiri, wdg). E nwere mara ụzọ nke wuru gbaa ụka nkwụsị mgbe mgbe mpempe akwụkwọ ruru achọrọ nnweta. Nke a na-eme site na iji ngwa ngwa kpo oku tii epupụta, bụghị na-eduga na ya ihicha, kama gbanweenụ site umi nke mere na gbaa ụka usoro kwụsịrị.

oxidative enzymes

Gbaa ụka nke tii - a isi usoro ofụri ya mmepụta technology. N'ihi ya, mmejuputa iwu ga-abụ mmetụta nke oxidative enzymes tii epupụta: phenol oxidase na peroxidase.

Tea mmepụta-enye nke kacha ichebe ísì na flavor Njirimara nke tii epupụta site mgbanwe nke ha chemical mejupụtara. Dị ka a n'ihi nke akụrụngwa nwetara a elu àgwà ngwaahịa.

Na-erite na Biochemical mgbanwe amalite ọbụna mgbe obon tii epupụta, iso na ya akpọnwụ na-agbagọkwa, na ọbụna n'oge gbaa ụka, ha inweta a ike pụrụ iche.

N'oge gbaa ụka mpempe akwụkwọ gbagọrọ n'okpuru mmetụta nke ọxịdashọn Filiks, ọ na-aghọ ọla kọpa-acha ọbara ọbara-acha akwụkwọ ndụ isi wee nwayọọ nwayọọ siri flavor nke fermented tii.

The gbaa ụka usoro

Na XIX narị afọ e kweere na tii gbaa ụka bụ a microbiological usoro. Kweere na tii akwukwo nwere ụfọdụ microflora, ụfọdụ microorganisms emepụta oxidative enzymes ike nke oxidizing phenolic ogige. Oge ochie a Ozizi anaghị ziri ezi n'onwe ya, n'ihi na dị ka a n'ihi nke nwere n'okpuru aseptic ọnọdụ, hụrụ na mba ọzọ microflora nwere ike na-egbochi ndị kwesịrị ekwesị mmepe nke gbaa ụka usoro.

Mgbe e mesịrị, na-ama na XX narị afọ, oxidative enzymes, na kwubiri a hụrụ na tii epupụta, ha na-na na tii bushes na-ajụ oyi ala na ike ga-arụ ọrụ mgbe akpọ nkụ. Na N'ezie nke na-amụ ndị a soluble enzymes naanị kpughere na phenoloxidase, ya soluble ụdị, nwere adịghị ike ọrụ, ma adịghị na-etolite a soluble peroxidase acha uhie uhie na agba aja aja oriri na elu ọrụ.

Anyị kpebiri na-amụ enzymes iche iche, n'ihi na a phenol oxidase ọrụ hụrụ. Nke a enzyme bụ unyi anaghị agbasa na na ebe nke mpempe akwụkwọ na-adịghị na-aga n'ime ihe ngwọta n'okpuru mbụ ọnọdụ na gbochie ya hụrụ na mbụ ọmụmụ. N'ihi ya, ọ chọpụtara unyi anaghị agbasa na phenoloxidase, nke bụ isi enzyme.

Fast na ngwa ngwa gbaa ụka

Gbaa ụka nke tii bụ ngwa na ngwa ngwa.

Na usoro nke ngwangwa gbaa ụka nke tii akwukwo nhazi rụrụ mechanically, i.e. ya akpọrepu ma ọ bụ kneaded site na-ebibi cell membranes. Nke a na-akpata a karị na ọxịdashọn mmeghachi omume nke enzymes na otu onye ọzọ.

Mgbe usoro nke onye na-adịghị gbaa ụka, na epupụta na-abụghị mebiri emebi.

Site usoro na ogo gbaa ụka akwukwo tii ndị e kewapụrụ n'ime ise iche iche:

• ọcha tii ;
• green tii ;
• Oolong tii;
• oolong tii;
• Black Tea.

Mgbe ida nke Soviet Union, na mmepụta nke tii na Russia nọgidere na na Krasnodar mpaghara.

Ebe ọbọhọ nsogbu nke 90s, na mmepụta nke tii ke ebe malitere akawanye, kama ịnọgide na-ala -quality ngwaahịa na mpịakọta nwekwara ke iru gara aga etoju. Otú ọ dị, ịkwụsị ọrụ nke mpaghara mmepụta tii nhazi na tii-mbukota factory na Adler Dagomys ma chebe ndị Russian ike "Krasnodarchay".

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ala na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe bụ n'ebe dị anya n'ebe ezigbo maka cultivation tii, na district nke Sochi tii n'ugbo ogide 1.5 puku. Hectare. Ebe a kwa afọ na-anakọta karịa 4,000 tọn tii epupụta.