Operation "Bagration". Belarus ntọhapụ plan (1944)

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1944, ndị agha Soviet malitere nke ikpeazụ ntọhapụ nke Belarus si Germany. Isi ọdịnaya nke "Bagration" ọrụ plan hazie iwe na ọtụtụ asakde iso ese, nke bụ itu Wehrmacht agha ná mba. The ịga nke ọma kwere USSR na-amalite ntọhapụ nke Poland na East Prussia.

na eve

Strategic Plan "Bagration" e mere dị ka ọnọdụ na-enwe mmeri ná mmalite nke 1944 na Belarus. The Red Army nwere tọhapụrụ atọhapụ akụkụ nke Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev na Polesie na mpaghara nke mba. Otú ọ dị, ndị nnukwu nke ya n'ókèala ka ji site German nkeji. Na n'ihu, kpụrụ a ntule na Wehrmacht a na-akpọ "Belarusian mbara ihu". Na ụlọ ọrụ nke atọ Reich mere ihe niile kwere omume dị ka ogologo dị ka o kwere na-a dị mkpa usoro ebe.

Iji chebe ọhụrụ network ókè gburugburu 250 kilomita n'ogologo e kere. Ha bụ ndị trenches, barbed waya minefields. N'ebe ụfọdụ, n'egbughị oge gwuru mgbochi tank ọwa. German iwu ike ọbụna ntọt ya onwe nkeji na Belarus, n'agbanyeghị ahuzi nchịkwa mmadụ. Dị ka Soviet ọgụgụ isi data na mpaghara, ọ bụ obere ihe karịrị otu nde ndị agha nke Wehrmacht. Gịnị nke a nwere ike na-emegide "Operation Bagration"? The plan dabeere na agha, ihe karịrị ọkara nde ndị agha.

ihu ọma nke a plan

Nkwadebe maka ọrụ merie ndị Germany na Belarus malitere na Stalin si iwu na April 1944. N'otu oge ahụ na-General Staff malitere ilekwasị na mkpa ngalaba nke n'ihu agha na materiel. The mbụ atụmatụ "Bagration" e mere atụmatụ site General Alekseem Antonovym. Ke mbubreyo May, o doziri a draft ọrụ.

N'otu oge ahụ na Moscow ka e mere site na isi isi na Western Front. Ọ bụ Konstantin Rokossovsky, Ivan Chernyakhovsky na Ivan Bagramyan. Ha kọrọ na ọnọdụ na ha ndi nke na n'ihu. The ụka na-gara site Georgy Zhukov na Alexander Vasilevsky (nnọchiteanya n'akpọ Command). Plan emelitere ma nụchaa. Mgbe ahụ, na May 30 ọ e mma site Ọchịagha Kasịnụ.

"Bagration" (atụmatụ e mere aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke General nke Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nke 1812 afọ) dabere na ndị na-esonụ a tụrụ ime. onye iro ihe nchebe nwere na-n'out oge agbajikwa na isii ndi nke n'ihu. Mgbe ọ bụ na e zubere encirclement nke German agha na flanks (nso Bobruisk na Vitebsk), na-akpasu iwe na ntụziaka nke Brest, Minsk na Kaunas. Mgbe zuru mmeri nke Army 1st Belorussian Front m nwere na-eje ije na Warsaw, 1st Baltic - by Königsberg na 3rd Belarus - kwupụta Allenstein.

okpuru edinam

Ịga nke ọma nke na ime nyere "Bagration"? The plan dabeere ọ bụghị nanị na arụmọrụ nke n'akpọ agha iwu, ma na ya-arụsi ọrụ imekọ ihe ọnụ na ndị agha okpuru. Iji mee ka nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ha kere pụrụ ọrụ agha. June 8 partisans arụ ọrụ na ala, e nyere ha iwu na-akwadebe maka mbibi nke ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè, guzo ke nwere n'ókèala.

N'abalị nke June 20 ọ fụọ elu karịa 40,000 tracks. Ke adianade do, ndị agha okpuru derailed ụgbọ oloko nke Wehrmacht. Group "Center" bịara n'okpuru a achikota agha Soviet agha, enweghịkwa ike sere ruo n'ihu akara mee n'ihi mkpọnwụ nke ha onwe ha na nkwukọrịta.

Vitebsk-Orsha iwe

"Bagration" ọrụ on June 22 malitere n'ọrụ na-adọ. Ọ gụnyere ụbọchị a bụ mba ukem ini. General iwe maliteghachiri ozugbo na atọ ncheta nke German agha na ndị Soviet Union. 1st Baltic Front na 3rd Belarus e ji Vitebsk-Orshanskaya ọrụ. Na N'ezie nke na ọ bụ na-eme ka ndị na-azara ọnụ na nri nku otu "Center". The Red Army tọhapụ a ole na ole na mpaghara emmepe nke Vitebsk region, gụnyere Orsha. Ndị Germany na-alaghachi azụ n'ebe nile.

June 27 Vitebsk e sụrụ nke onye iro. On na Iv nke German otu, nke ejikwara na ebe nke obodo, ọ e doro ihe ọtụtụ arọ ogbunigwe na ikuku etiwapụ. A ịrịba akụkụ nke German agha na-gbara ya gburugburu. Mgbalị site ụfọdụ nkewa tiekwa mkpu wee ihe ọ bụla.

June 28 e wepụtara Lepel. N'ihi ya, Vitebsk-Orsha iwe nke Red Army ike fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam ibibi 53rd Army agha iro. The Wehrmacht tụfuru 40,000 gburu na 17,000 weghaara.

ntọhapụ nke Mogilev

Edise ke General n'isi ụlọ ọrụ Military Plan "Bagration" bụ na Mogilev ọrụ ga-abụ a bụrụkwa igbu ka Wehrmacht. Na mpaghara ebe a, ndị German agha bụ ubé obere karịa ndị ọzọ ndi nke n'ihu. O sina dị, ndị Soviet na-akpasu iwe ebe a dị nnọọ mkpa, n'ihi na onye-iro-ebipụ ụzọ mgbapụ ụzọ gasị.

The Mogilev ntụziaka nke German agha bu mma-njikere nchebe. Kwa obere obodo, bụ nso n'okporo ụzọ, ama ghọọ wusiri ike. Eastern-abịaru nso ka Mogilev kpuchiri ọtụtụ nzere mgbanaka. Hitler na ihu ọha ya okwu, kwuru na obodo ahụ ga-ga-enwe mgbe nile na-akwụ ụgwọ. Ahapụ ya ugbu a kwere na na onye nkwenye nke Fuehrer.

June 23 mgbe ogbunigwe etiwapụ agha nke 2nd Byelorussian Front malitere ịmanye osimiri Prony. Tinyere ya anoghi n'ulo oba ẹkenịmde ndị Germany na wuru a iji chebe onwe akara. Gafee osimiri na-amanye ọtụtụ àkwà mmiri. The iro bụ fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla na-eguzogide, n'ihi na ọ kpọnwụrụ site ogbunigwe. Ikebịghike ẹma sikwuo elu Dnieper ala Mogilev mpaghara. The obodo e weere on June 28 mgbe a ngwa agha. Kpam kpam n'oge ọrụ e mkpọrọ ihe karịrị 30 puku German agha. Wehrmacht agha ibido gbaghachi azụ na a haziri ọrụ, ma mgbe na-ewere Mogilev a ichighaazu ghọọ a pụta.

Bobruisk ọrụ

Bobruiskaya ọrụ E duziri n'ebe ndịda direction. Ọ nọ na-azọrọ na e na-eduga encirclement nke German nkeji, n'ihi na nke na ọnụego na-akwadebe a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu esi mmiri ọkụ. Plan of ọrụ "Bagration" bụ na ọrụ a bụ ịrụ 1st Belorussian Front, nyere n'iwu site Rokossovsky.

Near Bobruisk iwe malitere na June 24, nke ahụ bụ a obere ka e mesịrị karịa ndị ọzọ ndi nke n'ihu. Na mpaghara a, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị swamps. Ndị Germany na-atụ anya na Red Army ga-emeri nke a na apiti. Otú ọ dị, a siri nghogbu e o ẹkenịmde. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, 65-nke ndị agha mere a ngwa ngwa na pụtara igbu ka ahụhụ na-adịghị chere n'ihi na onye iro. June 27, Soviet agha wee akara nke okporo ụzọ na Bobruisk. Were iwe ọkụ obodo. Bobruisk e sụrụ nke Wehrmacht na mgbede nke 29. N'oge ọrụ bibie 35th Army na 41 Panzer ụlọ. Mgbe ịga nke ọma nke Soviet agha na flanks maka ya meghere ụzọ Minsk.

Polotsk igbu

Mgbe ihe ịga nke Vitebsk 1st Baltic Front n'okpuru iwu nke Ivan Bagramyan wee ọzọ ogbo nke na-akpasu iwe na German ọnọdụ. Ugbu a, ndị Soviet Army bụ ịtọhapụ Polotsk. Ya mere, anyị kpebiri na n'isi ụlọ ọrụ, ịhazi ọrụ "Bagration". weghara plan nwere ka a mere dị ka ngwa ngwa o kwere omume, n'ihi na a na mpaghara e a ike ìgwè nke ụsụụ ndị agha "North".

Igbu Polotsk e mere na 29 June site a ole na ole Soviet usoro agha. Red Army nyeere ndị agha okpuru, bụ ndị na mberede wakporo n'azụ nke obere ikposa German agha. Efega na abụọ na-eme ka ukwuu aghara na ọgba aghara na n'ohu nke onye iro. Nguzo Polotsk kpebiri agbahapụ tupu a mechiri emechi ite.

July 4th Soviet agha tọhapụ Polotsk, nke bụ putara ighe mkpa nakwa n'ihi na ọ bụ a ụgbọ okporo ígwè nkwụsị. Nke a mmeri dugara Wehrmacht kpochapu. Ọ kwụsịrị ọkwá ya ọchịagha nke Army Group "North" George Lindemann. German ndú, Otú ọ dị, ihe ọ bụla ọzọ na-eme ebe enweghi ike. Tupu mgbe ahụ, na June 28 Otu ihe ahụ mere na Field Marshal Ernst Bush iwu Army Group "Center".

ntọhapụ nke Minsk

The ịga nke ọma nke Soviet Army n'isi ụlọ ọrụ ozugbo kwere ka na-etinye ọhụrụ "Bagration" ọrụ aga-eme. Free Belarus atụmatụ bụ ihe e kere eke nke ji esi mmiri ọkụ nso Minsk. E hiwere ya mgbe ndị Germany ejitelighị Bobruisk na Vitebsk. 4th German agha bụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Minsk na ebipuru site na ike nke ụwa na akpa ebe, ndị Soviet agha na-na ịpị si n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda, na abuo, eke mgbochi n'ụdị osimiri. West nke osimiri ahụ na-asọpụta. Berezina.

Mgbe General Kurt von Tippelskirch nyere iwu haziri ahazi ichighaazu, agha ya nwere na-akpali gafee osimiri na a otu akwa na unyi ụzọ. Ndị Germany na ndị òtù ha wakporo ndị agha okpuru. Ke adianade do, ịgafe ebe shelled atụ bọmbụ. The Red Army gafere Berezina River on 30 June. Minsk e wepụtara July 3, 1944. Na isi obodo nke Belarus pụtara gburugburu 105 puku agha nke Wehrmacht. Egbu ihe karịrị 70, na ọzọ 35 e mkpọrọ.

March na Baltic States

Ka ọ dịgodị, ndị agha nke 1st Baltic Front wee na-akpasu iwe n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. Ndi-agha n'okpuru iwu nke Baghramyan nwere inwere site na Baltic Oké Osimiri bipu Army Group "North" n'ebe ndị ọzọ na nkeji nke German agha. Plan "Bagration", na obere, ọ na-atụ anya na ihe ịga nke ọrụ a dị ịrịba ama-abawanye na nke a nke nke n'ihu. Ya mere 1st Baltic n'ihu bufee 39th na 51th Army.

Mgbe mee na-akpatre kpamkpam ruru elu ọnọdụ, ndị Germany jisiri sere na Daugavpils bukwanu ike. Ugbu a na Soviet agha bụ ndị dị otú ahụ a akpọ space uru, ma na mbụ ogbo nke ọrụ "Bagration". The atụmatụ maka a blitzkrieg site na oge ama fọrọ nke nta zuru ezu. Agha nọgidere ikpeazụ spurt akpatre ịtọhapụ Soviet n'ókèala si mwakpo. Daugavpils na Siauliai a tọhapụrụ n'agbanyeghị obodo slippage na agha, na 27 July. 30 na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha bee ikpeazụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè akara na ada si Baltic ka East Prussia. N'echi ya, na onye iro e abụrụ Jelgava, ikwe ka Soviet agha akpatre wee n'ụsọ oké osimiri.

Vilnius ọrụ

Ozugbo Chernyakhovsky tọhapụ Minsk na meriri ndị 4th agha Wehrmacht, General n'isi ụlọ ọrụ zigara ya a ọhụrụ ntụziaka. Ugbu a-agha nke 3rd Belorussian Front ndị free Vilnius na gafere osimiri Neman. Iji mezuo ka malitere na July 5, ie ụbọchị mgbe agha na Minsk.

Na Vilnius e wusiri ike agha, esịnede 15,000 agha. Hitler, wee na-edebe isi obodo nke Lithuania malitere amalite na-emebu nduhie Nkea, akpọ obodo ahụ "ikpeazụ ebe e wusiri ike". Ka ọ dịgodị, 5th Army ugbua n'oge mbụ ụbọchị nke na-akpasu iwe bilitere n'ihi na 20 kilomita. The German agbachitere bụ elekwa na omume rụrụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ihe niile na-arụ ọrụ na Baltic nkewa e merụsịrị mauled na aga agha. Otú ọ dị, na July 5, ndị Nazi ka nwara counterattack. Nke a na-anwa wee ihe ọ bụla. The Soviet agha ama na ụzọ n'obodo.

9 nọmba ọ were putara ighe dị mkpa isi - ọdụ na ọdụ ụgbọ elu. Bipu na tank crews ulo oru a bụrụkwa wakpo. The isi obodo nke Lithuania e wepụtara na July 13. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ndị agha nke 3rd Belorussian Front nyeere Polish agha nke Home Army. Obere oge tupu ọdịda nke obodo ọ zụrụ ya a nupụrụ isi.

Ọgwụgwụ nke na-arụ ọrụ

Na ikpeazụ ogbo nke ọrụ ndị Soviet Army dechara ntọhapụ nke Western Belarus na mpaghara, na nsogbu nso ókè na Poland. July 27 E oyi n'ahụ Bialystok. N'ihi ya, ndị agha ya mechara ruo tupu agha ala ala. August 14 Osovets Army tọhapụ ma nwere a bridgehead na osimiri Narew.

26 July Soviet agha ndị dị ná mpụga nke Brest. Ụbọchị abụọ gasịrị, obodo fọduru nke German occupiers. Na August ihe rụrụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Poland. Germany kwaturu ya nso Warsaw. August 29 E bipụtara akwụkwọ ahụ nke Kasị Elu Command, dị ka nke na-Red Army na-aga na ihe iji chebe onwe. The iwe na-kwụsịtụrụ. The ọrụ biri.

Ozugbo plan e gburu "Bagration", Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ kwagara n'ime ikpeazụ ya na ogbo. The Soviet Army kpamkpam tọhapụ Belarus na bụ ugbu a ike na-amalite a ọhụrụ na-akpasu iwe haziri na Poland. Germany bụ nso ikpeazụ meriri. Ya mere, na Belarus biri Agha Ukwu. Plan "Bagration" e rụrụ na nke kasị nso-ekwe omume n'oge. Belarus na-abịara onwe ya, na-alọghachi na ndi nkiti ndụ. The mba ahụhụ si na Germany na-arụ, ikekwe karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ n'otu mba.