Gịnị bụ dị iche iche iche iche nke electrodes? Na ụdị na electrodes

Ịgbado ọkụ bụ a usoro maka amị pụrụ ịdabere njikọ site kpo oku na onu akụkụ-agbaze okpomọkụ. Emmanuel - kasị zuru ebe nile nke ya obiọma. Usoro a bụ ukwuu na-arụpụta, vasatail, technologically mfe na inweta n'ụlọ.

Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime RDS

The n'ọnụ nke sonyeere akụkụ-agbazekwa n'ihi okpomọkụ tọhapụrụ site ionized ahụ asọpụta n'etiti cathode na anode, - ihe electric aak. Ionisation emee n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ugbu a na obere sekit abụọ okporo osisi na mgbe nile ma ọ bụ agbanwe e ji mara.

A ngwá ọrụ na-eji ike na aak bụ electrode - a metal mkpanaka ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị dara si malite. Ọrụ pụrụ rụrụ dị ka a otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ mkpọ ikike ịmepụta ngbakwunye aak n'etiti ha (atọ na-adọ aak ịgbado ọkụ). The ionized elektrọn stream gbara gburugburu vapors nke ngwá ọrụ na ya mkpuchi agbaze metal akụkụ-esonyere, ha pụta interactions na ikuku. Types of electrodes maka ịgbado ọkụ na-kpebisiri ike na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ niile e ji mara pụta ụwa akpan akpan ihe onwunwe.

Nhazi ọkwa nke n'ichepụta mkpara site na ihe onwunwe

Na ya isi, niile ịgbado ọkụ ngwaọrụ nke RDS na-ekewa n'ime agbaze ma na-abụghị consumable.

• Agbaze: metal ngwaọrụ ji ígwè, ígwè, aluminum, ọla kọpa (na-adabere n'ụdị nke metal na-welded). Mkpanaka eme cathode ma ọ bụ anode, na-eje ozi dị ka dịanyā ihe n'ihi na ejuputa na Weld ndoro mmiri na uro na onuete guzobere.
• Neplavjashchimsja: carbon mkpara, mere nke graphite, nke tungsten; rụọ ọrụ naanị isi ọrụ; Ọzọkwa mee dịanyā metal waya; Tungsten mkpa mgbe TIG ịgbado ọkụ.

N'etiti ìgwè mbụ nke electrodes a dịpụrụ adịpụ isi ụdị:

• Uncoated. Nke a na ụdị ngwá na-adịghị mee ihe maka RDS.
• Kpuchie. Conformal mkpuchi na-eji ịnọgide na-enwe aak kwụsie ike, na-metal-echebe site ọkụ, si mmetụta nke gas, amụba n'ibu ji mara Weld site eke doping (kọntaktị-agbaze alloying ọcha na Weld ọdọ mmiri mmanya).

Jiri dị ka ụdị ọrụ

Types of electrodes maka ntuziaka aak ịgbado ọkụ, e kwuru n'elu, n'otu n'otu nwere ngwa dabere na usoro ọrụ.

Carbon electrodes ekwuchi - isi ịgbado ọkụ mepụtara, nke bụ nke N. N. Benardosu n'okpuru godu 1882 - na-eji oge a. Atụmatụ: DC, ogologo polarity, ọzọ ọkọnọ nke dịanyā waya, anụ aak, nkpa-n'aka nwayọọ nwayọọ asakde, carbonization emee. The ojiji nke reverse polarity aak e ji mara na-ebelata onuete (ọ carburized).

The metal electrodes - esonụ mepụtara bụ na ubi nke ịgbado ọkụ technology, nke bụ nke N. G. Slavyanovu (1888). Ọnụ na ha sitere prototypes nke oge a na ịgbado ọkụ ígwè ọrụ. Ịgbado ọkụ mkpara via meltable hụrụ wider ngwa ụlọ ọrụ na-enwetara ifịk development. Iji ụbọchị, na-eji na ntuziaka aak, akpaka na ọkara akpaka (submerged Arc) ịgbado ọkụ.

Tungsten electrode, ruru akwa agbaze okpomọkụ 3422˚S eji dị infusible n'okpuru argon ịgbado ọkụ. N'ihi ya, dị iche iche na ịgbado ọkụ teknụzụ izute kpọmkwem ụdị nke electrodes.

Nkesa zukọta

Destination - nke a bụ ihe e ji mara adịru akọrọ mara ihe niile electrodes. Na ụdị na-ngwa mkpara denoted site n'otu akwụkwọ ozi (GOST 9466-75):

• bughi ígwè, tinyere ala-alloy na a ike nke 60 kgf / mm ² (600 MPa) na akara kpọrọ akwụkwọ ozi "Y" - carbon;
• alloyed constructional steels enwe a ike nke 600 MPa - «L»;
• elu-alloy bughi steels - "B";
• okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ọgwụ alloyed ígwè - "T";
• alloys pụrụ iche Njirimara, nke bụ ihe e ji mara surfacing - "H".

The oru na-owụt ke ọtụtụ ika.

mkpanaka mkpuchi

A dịgasị iche iche nke mejupụtara na mbido coatings na-eji onye ikpe maka a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe. Ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke electrode coatings:

• Gbara ụka "A". Nwere carbon ferromanganese na ferrosilicon. Ha na-eji kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ DC. Ji elu agbaze udu. Mma ojiji nke ala seams.
• Rutile "P". Nwere rutile (titanium dioxide), carbonates, aluminosilicates, ferromanganese, waterglass. Ịgbado ọkụ seams nke ọ bụla ọnọdụ na ụdị kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem ugbu a. Dị ka a n'ihi nke soje chemical Jeremaya mere, a na-echebe slag na-egbochi oké ike ọgwụgwụ ọcha. Ezi mma welds, ala toxicity.
• Cellulose "C". Esịnede cellulose, manganese ore, talc, rutile, carbon ferromanganese. Nleta a echebe gas gburugburu aak na Weld ọdọ mmiri. N'ihi na ihe niile na seams; High ọsọ nke ọrụ; ezi mma; ekwesịghị ikwe ka ekpo oke ọkụ; arọ weere on spraying. Eji maka na-adịgide adịgide njikọ ọkpọkọ.

• Key "B". Dị ka akụkụ nke carbonates na calcium Fluoride. The guzobere a echebe carbon dioxide n'ihi mmeghachi omume nke carbonates na arcing oxygen. Ọ na-achọsi ike ịrụ ọrụ n'okpuru a mgbe nile ugbu a na polarity na agbara direction. N'oge ịgbado ọkụ variables nwetara ala-edu onuete, ọzọ technology ka mma ya n'ibu e ji mara.
• Ọzọ "P". Nwere alloying ọcha. Àgwà nke Weld na-enwekwukwa ewebata n'ime ya a ụfọdụ ego nke alloying ọcha nke consumable electrode.
• Special. Nwere waterglass na resinous bekee. Chebe si mmiri. Eji maka mmiri n'okpuru osimiri ịgbado ọkụ.

Specific nzube niile kpuchie electrodes. Isi ụdị mkpuchi bụ rutile ruru ya egosipụta ọtụtụ ihe. Coatings ịrụ echebe ọrụ site deoxidizing alloy ka wụrụ awụ ọdọ mmiri, na-agbakwunye thereto na alloying ọcha, e guzobere a okirikiri ọkụ n'isi nke na-echebe, haruru ma ọ bụ slag. Nke a-ezere usụhọde Weld mma karịa ihe ihu n'akụkụ, iji hụ na guzobere ezigbo welds.

Ngwá Ọrụ chọrọ guzosie ike site GOST 9466-75

• The electrodes ga-mere nke elu àgwà ihe onwunwe.
• The mkpuchi kwesịrị emebibeghị ma enweghị isi ntụpọ (kwere na ịdị adị nke obere nicks na cracks enweghị blisters na porosity).
• High n'ibu iguzogide mberede metụtara.
• Dị iche iche nke electrodes uniformly gbazee mkpuchi ga-bụghị crumble enweghị akpụ mkpumkpu ntakịrị àgwàetiti ghara sprayed n'elu ime mara.
• The aro ga-enye a quality Weld guzobere: dịghị cracks, pores, obodo ngafe Weld metal.
• Ò oke dị na niile dị mkpa parameters na nnabata technology - isi ihe na-e guzobere a pụrụ ịdabere na ike njikọ.

Nhọrọ mkpara dabere na nke

Novice welder mma mara ụdị nke electrodes, kpebisiri ike site size. Na dayameta nke ngwá ọrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ ga-rụrụ na-ahọrọ na-echesinụ dị na workpiece ọkpụrụkpụ. Ọ na-adịghị ezoro ezo, dị ka a n'ụzọ doro anya na labeling ngwá ọrụ. Na ogologo nke electrode na-ofu ya dị n'obosara. Ọ dị mkpa ka nwere ihe echiche nke ogologo nke yipụ njedebe nke uncoated ngwá ọrụ.

Ọkpụrụkpụ nke njikere onu, mm	Electrode n'obosara, d, mm	Electrode n'ogologo, mm	Na ogologo nke yipụ ọgwụgwụ ekwuchi, mm
2	2	200-250	20
3 5	3-4	300-450	25
6 ka 8	4-5	350-450	25
9 12	5-6	350-450	30
13 15	6-7	450	30

N'ihi na n'ụlọ ịgbado ọkụ akacha eji ụdị nke electrodes maka aak ịgbado ọkụ na a dayameta nke 2-4 mm. Oké Ogwe ndị bara uru na idozi ụlọ ahịa na n'ichepụta.

mkpuchi ọkpụrụkpụ

Ọ nwere ya designation na-akanye ngwá ọrụ. Ọ na-akọwa site na ya ruru ọnụọgụ D (mm) mkpara ọkpụrụkpụ d (mm). Kewara n'ime 4 iche iche:

• mkpa "M" (ruru ka 1.2);
• nkezi "C" (ihe na-akpata nwere a uru n'etiti 1.2 na 1.45);
• oké "D" (ruru - n'ime 1,45-1,8);
• karịsịa oké "D" (uru nke ọnụọgụ nke 1,8).

Na-arụpụta nke mmetụta ọ bụghị nanị na di iche iche nke coatings ntuziaka aak ịgbado ọkụ electrodes, ma ọkpụrụkpụ nke mkpuchi oyi akwa, na nkpa-n'aka nha. Proper nhọrọ nke electrode size na-enye ezigbo ọsọ, na àgwà kwa nke aak kpụrụ njikọ.

Nhọrọ mkpara dabere na ụdị nke na nkwonkwo na ya gbasara ohere ọnọdụ

Seams nwere ọtụtụ classifications:

• Dabere na omume nke isi-agha: ka iyi tojubigara ókè, frontal, oblique, ọgwụgwụ.
• Dị na ọnọdụ nke welded akụkụ: abutting, akuku, tees, vnakladku compound.
• Dabere na nnweta nke bevel onu: Bevel dịghị bevel.
• Dị na ọnọdụ na ohere: na ala, top, kwụ, vetikal.

The nhọrọ na-emetụta ndị gbasara ohere ọnọdụ nke onuete. Ya ụdị gosiri na marking mkpara.

• 1 - maka ịgbado ọkụ niile ọnọdụ;
• 2 - exclusions na-emetụta nanị vetikal seams si n'elu na ala;
• 3 - maka ala nkwonkwo, kwụ y vetikal ụgbọelu vetikal na ala elu;
• 4 - maka ala seams.

ụdị onuete ikwu gbasara ohere ọnọdụ a na-ewere mgbe ịchọpụta oge a.

Mmetụta nke electric aak parameters na nhọrọ nke ịgbado ọkụ ngwaọrụ

Ịgbado ọkụ nwere ike rụrụ n'okpuru kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem ugbu a, kpọmkwem ( "mwepu" electrode, "plus" na ngwaahịa) ma ọ bụ reverse polarity. Oke na-adabere na welded ihe onwunwe na ya Njirimara. ugbu a n'ụdị kpebisiri ike site ike isi iyi.

Isi ngwá amụba na (ma ọ bụ) n'ịtụgharị ugbu a nwere ike mee: nkesa na oscillators (ala ọkọnọ voltaji ka ndị dị mkpa ụkpụrụ) converters na rectifiers (tọghatara nwetụ mains ugbu a n'ime a kpọmkwem ugbu a ịgbado ọkụ usoro).

The parameters chọrọ maka aak mgbanye, ndị budata dị iche iche site na ndị na ike deere n'oge ya mmezi. The voltaji chọrọ maka ngwa ngwa guzobere ihe aak, a na-akpọ na-emeghe-circuit voltaji. Tụlee voltages mkpa maka mgbanye nke aak na iji nọgide na ya combustion.

View ugbu a	Open circuit voltaji, V	Voltaji ịnọgide na-enwe aak na
agbanwe	50-80	20-30
na-adịgide adịgide	45-50	16-25

Types of ịgbado ọkụ electrodes iche dabere na netwọk e ji mara na denoted site nọmba 0 9:

• 0 - nanị maka mgbe nile ugbu a nke na-abụghị polarity;
• 1-9 - maka ihe ọ bụla okwukwo;
• 1, 4, 7 - ọ bụla polarity;
• 2, 5, 8 - akara;
• 3, 6, 9 - laa azu;
• 1-3 - oghe circuit voltaji nke 50 V;
• 4-6 - 70 V;
• 7-9 - 90 V.

Choices emetụta atụmatụ nke technology na àgwà e ji mara nke nkwonkwo. N'ihi ya, nke kasị nso omimi provarivaniya enye arụ ọrụ na agbanwe network kwa. Eji maka-adịghị okomoko ihe na mfe aghụghọ. Mgbe ịgbado ọkụ aak na mgbe nile e ji mara na reverse polarity omimi nke Weld ọdọ mmiri na n'ibu Njirimara nke Weld na-nwetara 50% elu karịa ọbụna na kpọmkwem polarity. Eji maka-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị ihe na oké egwu owuwu.

Definition amperage

Mgbe aak ịgbado ọkụ bụ a ntuziaka ụdị nwere ike dị iche iche - si 30 600 A. Nhọrọ nke chọrọ uru bụ dabere na dayameta nke na-arụ ọrụ electrode na onuete ụdị na-akwanyere gbasara ohere ọnọdụ. Ọ na gbakọọ dị ka ndị a:

• N'ihi na ala seams: m = d * k.
• N'ihi na top - m = k * d * 0,8.
• Kwụ - m = k * d * 0,85.
• Maka vetikal seams - m = k * d * 0,9.

ebe m - ugbu a ike, A;

d - n'obosara, mm;

k - na ọnụọgụ A / mm.

The ọnụọgụ na-adabere na n'obosara mkpara:

• Electrode 1-2 mm - k = 25-30 A / mm;
• 3-4 mm - k = 30-45 A / mm;
• 5-6 mm - k = 45-60 A / mm.

Ịzụ a na-arụ ọrụ ike accelerates ịgbado ọkụ usoro. The ikwubiga okwu ókè nke na-anabata ụkpụrụ pụrụ iduga ekpo oke ọkụ n'ọnụ, oké burnup mmiri, ogbenye Weld àgwà.

marking

Iji tụlee ihe niile na-nuances mkpa kpatara marking ọkọlọtọ atụ na dị na GOST 9466-75 na 9467-75 (E42A-UONI-13 / 45-3,0 DMPA) / (E432 (5) -B10).

• Brand: SSSI-13/45.
• Type: E42A - electrode RDS enye a Weld ike nke 420 MPa ụba ductility (A).
• 3.0 - 3 mm n'obosara.
• U - maka ịgbado ọkụ carbon nchara na ala-na-alloy owuwu.
• D - oké mkpuchi.
• E432 (5) - codes, nke na-ezoro ezo na compound e ji mara Weld metal.
• 43 - ike ọdụdọ nke bụghị ihe na-erughị 430 MPa;
• 2 - elongation bụ ihe na-erughị 24%;
• 5 - ịgbado ọkụ bụ na o kwere omume na okpomọkụ ruo -40˚S; mgbe na-enye nke kacha nta allowable uru nke ahụ ike nke ndị metal 34 J / cm ^2.
• B - isi uwe.
• 1 - na gbasara ohere ọnọdụ nke onuete: ọ bụla.
• 0 - ịgbado ọkụ aak naanị na mgbe nile e ji mara na kpọmkwem polarity.

The ojiji nke dị iche iche na ụdị na ụdị nke ịgbado ọkụ ngwaọrụ

Ihe niile tụlere n'elu ikwu ihe na labeling nke electrodes n'ihi na ígwè RDS. Mkpa ihe atụ nke mkpara eji maka a dịgasị iche iche nke ferrous na nonferrous ọla. N'okpuru ebe a bụ ha kasị ahụkarị ụdị.

Types of electrodes na-ekesa dị ka gaghị agara Weld metal na-ahụkarị n'ibu ji mara Weld.

Carbon ala-alloy ígwè mkpara welded ụdị:

• E42: ika ANO-6, ELN-17, WCC-4M.
• E42: SSSI-13/45, SSSI-13 / 45A.
• E46: ANO-4, ELN-34, Tau-6.
• E46A: SSSI-13 / 55K, ANO-8.
• E50: WCC-4A, 550-U.
• E50A: ANO-27 ANO-TM, ITS-4C.
• E55: SSSI-13 / 55U.
• E60: ANO-TM60, SSSI-13/65.

Alloyed elu-ike ígwè:

• E70: 1-ANP, ANP-2.
• E85: SSSI-13/85, SSSI-13 / 85U.
• E100: AN-HN7, OZSH-1.

High alloy steels: E125: RI-3M, E150: NIAT-3.

Surfacing metal: OZN-400M / 15G4S, EN-60M / E-70H3SMT, OZN-6 / 90H4G2S3R, UONI-13 / H1-BC / E-09H31N8AM2, CN-6M / E-08H17N8S6G, OZSH-8 / 11H31N11GSM3YUF.

Iron: OZCH-2 / Cu, OZCH-3 / Ni, OZCH-4 / Ni.

Aluminum na ya alloys: OAD-1 / Al, Ozan-1 / Al.

Ọla kọpa na ya alloys: Anz / AUR-2 / Cu, EHS-2m / CuSn.

Nickel na ya alloys RLA-32.

Si n'elu ndepụta na ọ nwere ike kwubiri na-akanye usoro bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju anya, si otú dabeere na Olee ihe enyemaka otu ụkpụrụ encrypting e ji mara nke nkpa-n'aka, ya mkpuchi, n'obosara, ọnụnọ nke alloying ọcha.

Na àgwà nke a Weld nkwonkwo adabere oru oma flowsheet. On ihe di iche iche nke electrode họọrọ, ndị na-esonụ ihe:

• Weldable ihe onwunwe na ya Njirimara, ọnụnọ nke alloying ọcha na ogo alloying.
• ọkpụrụkpụ nke ngwaahịa.
• The ụdị na ọnọdụ nke onuete.
• Kpọmkwem compound ma ọ bụ n'ibu Njirimara nke Weld metal.

Novice welder mkpa ịnyagharịa ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi nke oke na-akanye ngwaọrụ nke ịgbado ọkụ ígwè, dị ka nke ọma dị ka na-arụ ọrụ nkesa ụdị mkpara na nzube, mara ihe ndị bụ isi ụdị nke electrodes na rụọ ọrụ nke ọma eme ha n'oge ịgbado ọkụ.