"Tulip" (ACS). Self-propelled 240-mm ngwa agha 2S4 "Tulip"

Ozugbo Winter War na 1939 ọ akpatre bịara doo anya na ndị agha na e nwere a doro anya ụkọ arọ ogbunigwe na ike ga-eji ihe n'ụzọ dị irè na-ebibi ndị e wusiri ike ọnọdụ nke onye iro. Malite-arụ ọrụ na ha oruru gbochiri Ukwu Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, mgbe Soviet ụlọ ọrụ bụghị ruo arọ ogbunigwe.

Mgbe emeri ọrụ maliteghachiri. Ná mmalite mwube nke M-240 e kere. Caliber ya, dị ka aha na-egosi, ọ bụ hà 240 mm. Ma e ji mara nke igwe anaghị n'ụzọ zuru ezu izute agha. Karịsịa, ha nweghị afọ ojuju na nnọọ ike agha. Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị na-ekwu na Chassis. Ọ malitere "Tulip" echichi development n'oge a. ACS, nke a kwesịrị amụbawo ikike, arọ agha na a siri ike Chassis.

Malite nke development

Ọrụ malitere July 4, 1967, dị ka iwu № 609-20. Ma ihe ndị kasị mkpa akụkụ nke ọhụrụ ogbunigwe egbe (ẹkenịmde n'okpuru index 2B8), ọ fọrọ nke nta na-agbanweghi agbanwe e si arọ onwe-propelled ngwa agha M-240. Ofụri Esịt ẹnịm ballistics na mgbọ eji. Ọrụ a na mpaghara e rụrụ site ọkachamara Perm. Enye ada ngo N. Kalachnikov.

Ọ bụ ekele ya Nchịkọta "Tulip", àgwà nke na-adade ke isiokwu, ọ aghọwo otú nnukwu ballistic data.

Ná mmalite, ndị prototypes na-anakọtara na ndabere nke Chassis "ihe 305", nke, na isi, bụ fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam yiri ka na nke-emegide ugbo elu "gburugburu". Ná mmalite akwụkwọ a gbakọtara ya, idebe mgbo katrij 7,62h54 a anya nke 300 mita. Development na mmepụta nke Chassis ọkachamara aku na "Uraltransmash", nke mere YV Tomaszów. Ozugbo ahụ, anyị mara na nnọọ ngwa agha na-enweghị ya ike ga-eji ụkpụrụ.

factory ule

Mgbe ọ malitere inwe "Tulip"? ACS mbụ wee maka ule ke mbubreyo May 1969. Ha okokụre naanị on October 20 nke otu afọ. Ọma. Ma e nwere ndị agha ule, na nanị mgbe ha, na 1971, osisi ka ndị Soviet Army.

N'ihi na ndị ọzọ afọ abụọ, osisi natara ka ozugbo na anọ "Tulip", ebe ndị na-eri otu ụgbọ ala bụ 210 puku rubles. Site n'ụzọ na-ekwu okwu, otu onwe-propelled "Akeshịa" na-eri naanị 30,5 puku. Ete.

Pụrụ iche atụmatụ nke ọhụrụ ACS

Dị ka anyị kwuru, ogwe na ballistic e ji mara nọgidere si ya ụzọ, ihe fọrọ nke nta na-enweghị na-ata ahụhụ nwetụrụ ịrịba mgbanwe. Ma, n'adịghị ka M-240, ebe na ngụkọta oge a manyere kụziere niile azụmahịa aka, "Tulip" - onwe-propelled egbe, onwem na ike haịdrọlik usoro. Ọ e mere ịrụ ndị na-esonụ arụmọrụ:

• Translation ngwaọrụ si ọgụ ọnọdụ na-stowed na Anglịkan.
• Elu ngwa agha gbọmgbọm.
• Emepe ọnụ ụzọ ámá, wepụ azuokokoosisi na akara chambering a shei.
• Automatic nri mines nke ígwè ọgụ mkpọ na loading mkpanaka ọgba ọsọ, nke na-emi odude n'elu Chassis ụlọ.
• Ke adianade do, ọ na-rụrụ site na Nchaji ngwa agha na-emechi ndị shutter.

Ndị ọzọ Atụmatụ

N'akuku nke ọku Nchịkọta 2S4 "Tulip", na iche gara aga arọ ngwa agha bụ mkpokọta 63 ". Boeukladki (n'ibu) na-emi odude na na Chassis ụlọ. Total abụọ packings, na nke ha na ike ịba 40 ma ọ bụ ot elu mgbawa projectiles ma ọ bụ reactive 20, ifịk ụdị. Ọ ga-kwuru na ACS Nchaji nwere ike rụrụ ma ozugbo si n'ala, ma na-eji a pụrụ iche kreenu. N'ụzọ dị iche na-akwụ ọtọ, kwụ nduzi lekwasịrị na-hapụrụ ntuziaka.

Ngwa iwu na-eji ike a na echichi nke ọma pụtara dizel engine B-59. Ike propulsion usoro gbapụ arọ onwe-propelled egbe 62,8 km / h na okporo ụzọ. Ma ihe ndị nkịtị n'ala ma ọ bụ gravel ụzọ, ndị na-agba nke ije na ọ bụ banyere 25-30 km / hour.

mines

Isi shei, nke na-eji onwe-propelled ngwa agha 2S4 bụ a ọkọlọtọ m F-864, nke ji 130,7 kilogram. Ibu kwesịrị ekwesị na-agbawa agbawa bụ 31,9 n'arọ. Dị ka na-eji n'ime ebe a GVMZ fuuz 7, nke bụ ikpe na onye ọ bụla n'ihe banyere m nwere echichi dị ka ozugbo na-egbu oge na detonation.

E nwere ise nhọrọ ozugbo eweli isi, nke nwere ike nweta a nke m na mbụ ike ọsọ nke 158 na 362 m / s. Ntem, nso ebe ọkụ dịgasị si 800 na 9650 mita.

Ozugbo igniter ụgwọ dị na shank tube mines. Ọzọ sample powder bụ annular okpu, nke na-mmasị ka niile nke otu tube site a pụrụ iche eriri. Ugbua na 1967 ọchịchị mere ihe iji maka ụlọ ọrụ ịzụlite na iru a pụrụ iche mines na ike nke 2 kilotonnes, afọ atọ mgbe e mesịrị bụ na zuru siwing ọrụ na mmepe nke kpọmkwem otu shei, ma na arụmọrụ nke a ugboelu.

Iji ụbọchị, Russian armored ugbo ala bụ ihe ndị ọzọ nnukwu projectile burugodị na ...

"Nwee Obi Ike obodo na-ewe"

Ma ezigbo ihe itunanya wee na 1983, mgbe m 1K113 "Daredevil" e kuchiri site Soviet Union. N'ezie, ọ bụ ọbụna a shei na ot'omuma uche nke okwu, na a iche iche ogbunigwe usoro. Ọ mejupụtara ndị na-esonụ components: ozugbo ZV84 shot (2VF4) onwem na-agbawa agbawa projectile ZF5. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a laser rangefinder / designator 1D15 ma ọ bụ 1D20.

N'ezie mgbazi unit bụ na isi nke ndị m, ka ịhazie ụgbọ elu bụ aerodynamic akara ebupụta na ike ngwa ngwa na n'ụzọ ziri nnọọ ezi ịgbanwe ọnọdụ nke projectile na ụgbọ elu. Ke adianade do, na-agbanwe agbanwe na N'ezie nke ụgbọ elu nwere ike na a ole na ole siri ike accelerators, nke na-emi odude tinyere dum ụlọ mines na a radial n'ụzọ.

Uru nke ọhụrụ ụdị shells

Ukpụhọde ewe ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 0.1-0.3 sekọnd. The nnọọ ka nke "obi" na-agbapụ nnọọ dịghị dị iche iche si na-emebu firing mines, ma ọrụ a chọrọ ka oghere nke ngwa anya ngalaba na ịtọ ngụ oge rụọ ọrụ laser pointer zaa. Ke ofụri ofụri, ezubere iche nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na a anya nke 300-5000 mita si "ebe", mgbe nke onye iro ihe amalite ka ìhè site a laser doo osisi ike. Dị otú ahụ armored ugbo ala Russia dị mkpa karịsịa na-adịbeghị anya, mgbe ijeụkwụ bụ ịrịba technology development.

Site n'ụzọ na-ekwu okwu, n'ọrụ backlight na-Switched na naanị mgbe ndị m ga-dị na a anya nke 400-800 mita si mgbaru ọsọ. Nke a bụ iji hụ na usoro adịghị ebelata iro nwere oge na-emeghachi omume ka ntoputa nke ihe iyi egwu. Nanị tinye, oge niile na laser dịghị ihe karịrị atọ sekọnd, adịru puru nke onye iro electronic counter na-ebelata ka efu.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na foto nke armored ugbo ala nke ụdị nwere ike ịhapụ a ụgha echiche nke "-abakwaghị uru" ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla dị ka nke na-n'anya: echichi nke 70, a na-eji na tandem na ọhụrụ, ekwe agba, nwere ike mpi ndị kacha mma n'oge a swatches.

Ke ofụri ofụri, likelihood nke ụdị projectile na a gburugburu dayameta nke abụọ atọ mita bụ 80-90%. Afghan Mujahideen mụtara nke a na ha onwe ha, ahụmahụ dị mwute. Site n'enyemaka nke "Tulip" na "daredevil" ya e bibiri ọtụtụ n'ime ha e wusiri ike na ebe ugwu.

Gịnị mere i kwesịrị a egbe?

Ke ofụri ofụri, "Tulip" - ACS, nke bụ nanị oké mkpa na wakpo wusiri ike ọnọdụ nke onye iro, nakwa dị ka na-alụ ọgụ ọnọdụ nke mmadụ niile. Ya mere, na nke a, ọtụtụ mgbe, e nwere a ọnọdụ ebe onye iro ọnọdụ amalite elu ulo ụlọ (dị ka na Grozny). The uru nke "Tulip" bụ na nwụnye a na-etinye na 10-20 mita si ụlọ, nwere ike izipu a projectile fọrọ nke nta ekwesị, na-atụ anya na ọ dara kpọmkwem na n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, na-efe efe n'elu ọnọdụ nke ndị agha ya.

Site n'ụzọ na-ekwu okwu, a dị ike na m mgbawa na caliber emegide na-emepụta dị nnọọ a na-adịgide adịgide echiche. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa banyere fanatical eso ụzọ buu Islam mmegharị: ọtụtụ n'ime ha kweere na, enwekwaghị ahụ, n'eluigwe, ha ga-esi. Ntem, ke otu Afghanistan, e nwere oge mgbe nnukwu iche iche nke onye iro ọnọdụ ekpe, naanị ịmụta banyere ọdịnihu nke shelling, "Tulip".

Mysteries of akụkọ ihe mere eme

Na ọtụtụ ebe e nwere ihe gosiri na ndị a na ogbunigwe e ji mee ihe n'oge abụọ Chechen mkpọsa. Na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, e nwere ihe gosiri na n'oge na-batara nke "nkeji" ka a volley nke "Tulip". Agbanyeghị, ihu abụọ Dudayev esighi osụhọde a oké ifufe nke na-akatọ na Russian agha, na-ekwu na ọ banyere "ojiji nke ngwá agha nuklia." "Democratic" pịa ya ji obi ụtọ na-akwado. N'ihi ya, anya na ọ bụ amaghị ma merenụ ama na iji "Tulip" n'ezie.

Foogu nke ejighị ihe n'aka na-kpuchie na armored ugbo ala Ukraine: ka amaghi (na yighị ka mgbe a ga-mere n'ihu ọha), olee otú ọtụtụ n'ime igwe ndị a nwere na mba kpụrụ.

Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme data, dị ka nke afọ 1989, USSR bụ ihe na-erughị 400 nkeji nke arọ ogbunigwe. Ọ bụ ya mere na anyị nwere ike n'enweghị na-ekwu na armored ugbo ala Ukraine nakwa incorporates onwe onye na-propelled, dị ka akụkụ nke ngwa agha dabeere na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ala.

The ugbu a ọnọdụ

Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ọ dịghị ike na ụwa nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwá agha na ngwá agha ekweghị. N'eziokwu, otú anya na NATO mba enweghị ogbunigwe caliber nke ga-gafere 120 millimeters.

Ma Russia, na mba anyị mgbe "Tulip" ọrụ na arọ ogbunigwe ama fọrọ nke nta osụhọ, ka afọ ju ẹdude ụdị nke agha kpam kpam. Ọ bụla ọ bụ, Nchịkọta "Tulip", nke nwere a foto ke ibuotikọ, pụrụ iche na ụwa na nwere abụghị ta.