Gịnị bụ Emperor? The pụtara nke eze ukwu na mkpebi ya siri ike

N'isiokwu a anyị na-atụle ihe okwu "eze ukwu" na ya definition, n'ihi na anyị na-eji nke a okwu. Na ihe ka okwu a pụtara, ole na ole na-aghọta. The eze ukwu dị iche iche ndị eze? Gịnị bụ ha nzere? Gbalịa ịghọta.

The mbụ eze Rom

N'ihi na oge mbụ na ọ bụ okwu "eze ukwu" mgbe e kwuru na Rome. Ha we kpọ aha-isi na ndi-isi nke ndị agha Rom. Banyere onye a eze ukwu maara ihe niile si ọhụrụ Isonye na uloru nke nnukwu agha nkeji. Nwoke a nwere na-akparaghị ókè ikike ikpebi ihe ga-abụ omume nke oké agha. The nnọọ definition nke okwu na-abịa site Latin Emperor "Ogwe", nke pụtara "onye kasị elu ike."

The mbụ Emperor

Ndị mbụ na-ama ihe Emperor, ghọrọ ebutere ka Roman n'ozuzu Scipio Africanus. N'oge nke abụọ Punic War, ọ ghọrọ omenala inye a aha mgbe mbụ oké mmeri onye iro. Ná mmalite, naanị Sineti pụrụ n'ezie tụọ onye bụ eze ukwu na ndimek a ụgbọelu nke a aha. Ma mgbe e mesịrị ọbụna okporo agha ike kowaa ya n'ozuzu dị otú ahụ a aha ukwu. Ke adianade do, na aha "Emperor" Roman ọchịagha nwere ike-ọdịda ọtụtụ ugboro. Mgbe ahụ ụdị okwu e ji mee ihe Imperator II.

Scipio Africanus ji nganga na-eyi a asọpụrụ aha n'ihi na ọ na-asọpụrụ n'oge ukara omume ọha na eze na Sineti okwu. Ke adianade do, dị ka-emeri nke Carthage, Scipio ndụ pụrụ ide na aha na-esote aha gị.

Ndị eze ukwu Caesar na Octavian

Ụfọdụ oge omenala aha ndị eze ukwu ọchịagha nọgidere. Mgbe a na usoro nke mmeri na aha n'otu oge nwere ike inye a ole na ole ndị ọchịagha. Nke nta nke nta, echiche nke ihe ọ pụtara Eze Ukwu, agbanweela. Ugbu a, a okwu e ji pụtara "nyere elu ike," tinyere agha.

Yuliy Tsezar bụ a mgbe nile na-eburu aha Imperator, na mgbe nile dere ya mgbe ya onwe ya aha, ya na ndị ọzọ ukara utu aha. Ma ya nọchiri, Oktavian Avgust gbanwere ojiji nke a aha. Ugbu a, na onye ọ bụla maara ihe na Emperor Augustus nyere iwu dee aha n'ihu ya aha ya. Ya osise na ihe oyiyi banye bụghị nanị dị ka Imperator Caesar Divi Julii filius. Ugbu a ndị asọpụrụ aha nke onyeisi na ọchịagha ghọọ otu n'ime utu aha nke elu-achị achị.

Aha akwa edidem ke Eastern Alaeze Ukwu Rom

The eziokwu na ndị dị otú ahụ ihe Emperor nke Byzantium bi mara maka a ogologo oge. Ma mgbe nkebi nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom, ndị bi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke okwu ọzọ rapaara. Maara okwu "eze ukwu" a sụgharịrị ịbụ ha dị ka "autocrat", nke pụtara "inwe ike". Autocrat ebe a, dị ka Rome, a na-akpọ ndị nwenụ na-achị achị. Mgbe e mesịrị nke a asọpụrụ aha mechaa na-isi nile nke Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium. Na ya unaltered ụdị autocrat lanarịrị narị afọ iri na ọkara. Na oge a na asụsụ, otú na-akpọ nwoke ahụ nyere na-akparaghị ókè ike.

Mgbe aha Emperor okụrede

Ọ ga-adị ndị dị otú ahụ a mara mma aha ga-ebi ogologo oge. Na Alaeze Ukwu Rom, onye ọ bụla ọhụrụ andikara tinye a ọhụrụ akụkụ a aha. Na Trajan, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ọ bụ m na nghọta nke ihe eze ukwu ahụ. Ọ na-ekwu na aha nke Imperator, nwere ike ụgwọ ọrụ ya naanị ndị agha, ma ndị nkịtị ya mbụ, ya bụ, Princeps.

Site na nke abụọ na narị afọ AD, aha e mesịrị enen ke aha nke ihe kasị achị n'ohu na bụ na ojiji ruo 476 afọ. Na n'oge alaeze nke Diocletian na mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị ọ dịla abụọ eze ukwu nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom, otu n'ime ha a na-akpọ "Siza" na nke abụọ - "August". Mgbe mbibi nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom, bụ isi obodo niile chefuo ihe ndị Emperor ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ.

Emperor na Middle Ages

The revival nke aha Emperor nwere ná mmalite nke 9 na narị afọ AD. Nke a bụ nke heyday nke Frank Alaeze Ukwu, ya mere, ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na ihe Roman aha bịara n'oge nke kasị dị ịrịba ama na onye na Europe n'oge Charlemagne. Utu aha a na e nyere ya site na nnọchiteanya nke Chineke n'ụwa - Pope Leo III. Ya mere, aha ahụ bụ "Alaeze Ukwu Rom", ịgbakwunye adjective "dị nsọ,". N'ihi ya, ọ e gosiri na ndị ọhụrụ ala nke Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom dị site uche na iwu nke Chineke. Papa m na-atụle-anọchite anya Chineke n'ụwa na ihe ime mmụọ, ma ndị Emperor kpebiri ego ajụjụ nke ngọzi Chineke.

Ndị a na-anọchite anya nke Western Church kpọrọ nsogbu ndị Byzantine-achị achị, n'ihi na ha nwere ikike na-eyi aha mgbe ọdịda nke Rome. Ma Karl Veliky maara ihe Emperor. The definition nke a echiche nwere ike ịbụ ihe ọzọ ruru eru n'azụ warrior na a maara ihe iwu.

Mgbe Karla Velikogo Emperor Otto were okpueze. Mgbe o nwere aha nke German-mụrụ Bishop nke obere alaeze. A omenala na-aha Emperor nke Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom n'aka a Catholic Bishop. Poopu ọbọ megharịa iwu, na-amanye ndị eze nke obere German na-ekwu aka onye ọ bụla ọzọ asọpụrụ aha. N'ihi na mọ-asọpụrụ na-akpọ Emperor nke mba ahụ, nke agaghịkwa bụ na map, agha na nwụrụ maka ndị ehichapu ala, bibie obodo. Ma mgbe ọdịdị nke map nke Europe nke ọhụrụ dị ike na-ekwu na aha nke Emperor nke Nsọ Alaeze Ukwu Rom akpatre furu efu ya mkpa na-eji nwayọọ adịkwaghị agbapụta ná mmalite nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ,

Ndị eze ukwu nke Russian ala

Na narị afọ nke 18 na nke a eze ukwu na-echeta na Russian ala. Nke a aha were Russian tsars na 1721. The kwekọrọ ekwekọ iwu e kwusara site Sineti na Synod mgbe Treaty nke Nystad. The iwu nke Tsar Peter gwara m ka m na-aha ọhụrụ na ugbu a na-akpọ "Emperor na Great Nna nke nna." The akwụkwọ e kwetara na nakweere abụọ isi ozu Russian akara: The Sineti atụle ihe omume ụwa, na Synod gụnyere ime mmụọ nke ndụ. N'ihi ya pụta ìhè na ike nke eze ukwu na ego na nke ime mmụọ.

Nke nta nke nta, a ọhụrụ aha were niile mara eze ụlọ Europe. The mbụ ụzọ usọrọ Russian isi wee na Prussia, na Netherlands na Sweden. Emperor efehek so ọ bụla Russian edidem ruo mgbe ha nwụrụ. Adịbeghị anya media Russian alaeze ukwu aha A gbara ya égbè 1918.

French eze ukwu

Ruo mgbe mmalite narị afọ nke 18 chịrị nke ndị eze France. Ma n'ihi Napoleon m, utu aha a bụ adịghị anakwere. Dị nnọọ ya nwaafo France, nwụrụ ala a mgbanwe, na nke ndị niile na ndị òtù nke ezinụlọ eze mesịrị biri na ngọngọ. Ya mere, na-akpọ eze ndị warrior na-achị achị nke mba abụghị na ya aka. Ebe a na ọ bara uru aha eze ukwu: otú ahụ linkage n'etiti alaeze ukwu nke Charlemagne na Napoleon ochichi. May 18, 1804 ndị yiri ka Napoleon e nyere uku a aha. Mgbe ya mmeri na ịchụtu eze ukwu ahụ na aha ndị nke mbụ eze France jide. Mgbe e mesịrị ya na nkenke ebe Napoleon III, ma nke a onye na-achị bụ eze ukwu nkenke ruru ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe ndọghachi azụ. Mgbe aghọ a president Republic aha akpatre dabara disuse.

The Emperor nke Austria-Hungary

Na 1804 na-abịa ọzọ alaeze na European map. Franz chọrọ ịtọhapụ Italy si French ọchịchị na merie dum ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Habsburg obibi eze. Austrian Franz mechara aha "ndịozi" Eze Ukwu na-kere ọzọ alaeze - Austria-Hungary.

The British alaeze

Yana continental European alaeze ukwu adị ruo oge ụfọdụ, na ndị ọzọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, England wee malite ịkpọ onwe ya British alaeze ukwu ugbua na 1583, mgbe amalite ịchị of North America e dechara. Ọbụna mgbe ọnwụ nke America chịrị nke England na-efu ya mmetụta na-anọgide na-dọọ atumatu n'ụwa nile. Na 1876, Britain weghaara Indian onwunwe, dị ka Koroleva Viktoriya natara aha nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu nke India. The ike nke English alaeze gbasara gburugburu ụwa - ya kwuru na na British Alaeze Ukwu anyanwụ adịghị eji.

E nwere alaeze ukwu n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa. Ka ihe atụ, banyere onye eze ukwu ahụ bụ mma amaara na Mexico. E nwere ụfọdụ iwu mgbe Maximilian I. E nwere eze ukwu na Haiti, Brazil na ụfọdụ mba ndị ọzọ.

The First World War-ebibi niile ntọala ẹdude ụwa iji. Imperial iwu wee njedebe, na ndị eze ukwu oke. The ụwa agbanweela, ndị eze ukwu bụ na n'oge gara aga, ma na-amụta ihe banyere ha ike na-abụ nke isiokwu, akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ na fim na akụkọ ihe mere eme na-achị.