Ònye kere mbụ ụgbọelu

Man mgbe chọ ebili n'ime ikuku ma na-enwe nnwere onwe nke ụgbọ elu na a par na nnụnụ. Ebe ọ bụ na ọdịdị adịghị enye ndị mmadụ nku, nrọ nke-efe efe na-gụnyere ndị e kere eke nke pụrụ iche ugbo elu. The mbụ ụgbọ elu e kere ọtụtụ echepụta dị iche iche n'akụkụ ụwa site a obere oke karịrị oge. Ya mere, onye nwe palm na nke a nke ka na-bụghị n'ụzọ doro anya ike. History na-enye anyị a oke nke atọ, ga-kpọmkwem, ọbụna anọ contenders maka mepụtara nke ụgbọelu: na Wright Brothers si USA, Alexander Mozhaiskogo si Russia na Alberto Santos Dumont si Brazil.

The kasị ama nna nna nke oge a na ugbo elu ka na-ewere na ụgbọelu na Wright ụmụnna. Echepụta si United States - Orville na Uilbur Rayt were na mbara igwe gị ụgbọelu flyer-1 ụtụtụ December 17, 1903. The mbụ ụgbọ elu kere 12 sekọnd na kpuchie a anya nke ngwaọrụ 36 na ọkara mita, na mbụ pilot, karị, ghọrọ Orville Wright, onye ama ụgbọelu dina ya nku.

N'ezie, ọ bụ na ha onwe ha efe efe igwe na ya purest ụdị, dị ka ụgbọelu adara tinyere ndu okporo ígwè, na accelerated na-enyemaka nke a catapult. Ma na nke a na ya na-ewu ka e nyere ihe esịtidem combustion engine, nke na-wuru ụmụnne.

Ịgbaso akpa nnwale soro a usoro nke ndozi na anya rịgoro ikuku flyer-2 na flyer-3. Na mgbụsị akwụkwọ 1905 Bratya Rayt jisiri ofufe fọrọ nke nta ka iri anọ kilomita. N'ihi na ihe niile ya primitiveness, ha ugbo elu ka nwere nri na-akpọ ụgbọelu n'ihi na ha na-onwem na Motors achịkwa ụgbọelu na kpaliri site iwu nke aerodynamics. Otú ọ dị, Chassis ka ụgbọelu dịghị mgbe na zụlitere na ikuku site na a catapult.

Almost n'out oge na Wright ụmụnna ulo oru ha ụgbọelu na ikuku Brazil nchepụta Alberto Santos-Dumont. Nke a mere na 1906 na France. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti a ugbo elu bụ eziokwu na o were anya enweghị ihe ọ bụla ọzọ na ngwaọrụ, ya bu na ha na-kpam kpam onwe-propelled. The mbụ ụgbọelu, nke a na-akpọ "14-bis» nwere a na-abụghị nke mbughari Chassis na bubatara naanị site na ya ike.

Ugbu a ọ na-aghọ esiwanye nkịtị eziokwu na nke mbụ ụgbọ elu e ka na-adịghị wuru na America na na Russia iri atọ afọ tupu Wright ụmụnna 'ụgbọelu. Ọ rụrụ ya Mozhajskij N'azụ Admiral, onye ogologo ekenịmde kwesịrị ekwesị ọmụmụ. Ya ugbo elu anya dị ka obere ụgbọ mmiri na ọtụtụ ọjà, masts na abụọ obere uzuoku engine. Ọ a na-akpọ Aeronautical shei, na a patent maka a yiri efe n'elu ugbo ala Mozhajskij natara na 1881.

Mozhaiskogo Ọdịdị nwere ike ekewet ụdị nke ugbo elu fuselage, nke malitere n'ụzọ zuru ezu wuru naanị 30 afọ mgbe e mesịrị. The nchepụta bụ nnọọ uko ego, na ndị ọchịchị chọrọ ka a mata otú obere ego maka nnyocha na, ọ bụrụ na ekwe omume ma ọlị were na-akwụsị ihe niile mmepe.

Akwukwo mbu ụgbọ elu n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1882 nso St. Petersburg, na Uhie Selo. Akpan kpọrọ site Commission hụrụ na ụgbọ elu nke ugbo elu, nke a na-akpọ Mozhajskij aerodinamom. The mbụ ugbo elu chụgara na osisi flooring, a ole na ole mita na-bubatara aga n'ime mmiri, gbajiri nku.

Modern nnyocha gosiri na n'oge aerodyne a haziri n'ụzọ ziri ezi, ma o nweghị ike nke ike osisi maka a ogologo ụgbọ elu.

Mozhaisk, merie n'usoro iwu na ego nsogbu gara n'ihu mmepe. Na 1890 ọ nwụọ, ịzụlite ya ahịa ọ dịghị onye na, na tsarist ọchịchị ahọrọ ichefu banyere ụgbọelu ma lie ndị dị otú ahụ ọmụmụ ruo ogologo oge. Ọbụna e mere ụgbọelu bụ adịghị eji - enye zigara ala na ụlọ Mozhaiskiye nso Vologda, na 1895 ọ nọ na-ọkụ n'ebe ahụ.

N'ihi ya, onye nke echepụta nwere ike enye mkpa ikpeazụ? Onye ọ bụla ekpebie na ya. Aviation - a dị nnọọ mkpa na peeji nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ, nke a na-kere site na ọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị: theoreticians, practitioners, engineer na dreamers. Ya mere, ha niile nwere ikike ude na ebe nchekwa.