Gịnị bụ ihe kasị mma French tank? nlereanya Isi

Tank-ụlọ na oge anyị - otu n'ime ndị na-eduga na ọnọdụ na ihe ndị metụtara agha. Development nke agha ka mgbe niile ma ama n'ihi na ọtụtụ European ike, gụnyere France. Nke a na obodo bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ekwu, nke a pụrụ n'enweghị gua n'etiti founders nke armored agha. Ya mere, a zuru ezu nyochaa nke French tankị ga-rụrụ na isiokwu a, analysis na ụdị na-nwere ihe ndị mere ha na mmepe.

prehistory

Onye ọ bụla maara na ndị na-ewu nke tankị, dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ, malitere n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ. France bụ nke abụọ mba na nakweere tankị n'ọgbọ agha.

The mbụ French tank dị njikere na September 1916. Ya kere bụ Jean Étienne, nke, nditịm-ekwu okwu, a na-ewere na ntọala nna nke French tank development. Nke a mara bu onye-isi nke mkpara nke ogbunigwe ndi agha. Ọ maara otú iji gbanwee ọnọdụ na n'ihu, na n'ihi na akpa echiche site itunanya nke onye iro akara nke na-azara ọnụ na-eji esoro ugbo ala. Mgbe ahụ, na nwere n'ókèala, o zubere ka na ogbunigwe na-ebelata iro-eguzogide kemgbe a ọnọdụ. N'ebe a, anyị ga-eme ka ihe dị mkpa kwuru: armored ugbo ala, nke anyị na-akpọ tankị si French na ụbọchị ndị ahụ na-akpọ "wakpo ogbunigwe traktọ."

Malite nke mmepụta

The elu iwu nke French, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị agha isi nke mba ndị ọzọ n'oge ahụ, echiche nke tank ewu were nnọọ akọ na obi abụọ. Otú ọ dị, Étienne ahụ nọgidere na nkwado nke General Joffe, otú ikike e nyere iwu a prototype. ụlọ ọrụ "Renault" bụ na afọ ndị ahụ engineering ndú. Na ọ na-Étienne chọrọ na-emeghe a ọhụrụ oge nke armored ugbo ala. Ma ụlọ ọrụ si management manyere ajụ, na-ehota eziokwu na ha enweghị ahụmahụ na esoro ugbo ala.

Na nke a, French tank e nyere iwu ụlọ ọrụ "Schneider", nke bụ kasị emeputa nke dị iche iche na ngwá agha na nwere ahụmahụ nke "Holt" na ntinye akwụkwọ a traktọ. N'ihi ya, na mbụ 1916 na ụlọ ọrụ natara iwu maka 400 tankị, nke e mesịrị mara dị ka CA1 ( "Schneider").

Akụkụ nke mbụ armored ugbo ala

Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-tank echiche e mere n'ihu ọha, na nke a, France natara abụọ dị iche iche embodiments nke tankị, ma nke ndị ahụ dabeere na na nlereanya nke a katapila traktọ. E jiri ya tụnyere English French tank armored ugbo ala enweghị caterpillars onwere ụlọ na perimeta. Ha na-emi odude ke n'akụkụ na ozugbo n'okpuru eku. Chassis ka sprung, nke kwere ka na-arụ ọrụ na igwe-enweghị ike. Ọzọkwa, ndị dị otú ahụ a haziri ana achi achi nkasi obi na ndi oru ugbo. Otú ọ dị, n'ihu akụkụ nke ụgbọ ala ahụ eyịride n'elu tracks, na n'ihi na ihe ọ bụla kwụ ọtọ mgbochi na-aghọ irresistible.

Tank Lui Reno

Mgbe ọ bịara doo anya na tank ụlọ - a ekwe direction, Étienne tụgharịa azụ ka ụlọ ọrụ "Renault". N'oge a na ojii bụ ike ikpoputa nsogbu ka emeputa - iji mepụta a ìhè tank na a obere silhouette na ntakiri vulnerability, onye isi ọrụ bụ na-akwado bipu na ọgụ. "Renault Ft" - N'ihi nke French ìhè tankị e kere.

a ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke na ngwá

Tank "Renault Ft-17" a na-ewere nke mbụ nlereanya nke tank, nke e etinyere a classic layout (engine ogige dị n'azụ, ọgụ ogige - na center, na nkewa nke management - n'ihu), ma nwekwara a ụlọ elu nwere ike bugharia 360 degrees.

The-arụ ọrụ abụọ - a ọkwọ ụgbọala-na-arụ ụgbọ na ọchịagha, bụ onye e abuana ke arụ ọrụ egbe ma ọ bụ egbe.

Burugodị na tankị ike ịbụ ngwá ọrụ ma ọ bụ a na igwe egbe. "Egbe ala" variant envisaged echichi semiautomatic egbe "Gochkiss SA18" dayameta nke 37 mm. Nduzi egbe ebu site a pụrụ iche n'ubu fọduru, ikwe ịrụ a vetikal n'ọnụ ke nso site na -20 ka +35 degrees.

Chassis tank e nyere na-akwado support rollers, na-eduzi wiil, soro tensioning ịghasa usoro, nke, n'aka, ama krupnozvenchatymi na cogging.

Na AFT akụkụ nke tank nwere a mgbodo, site na nke igwe bụ ike kpofuru osisi dayameta nke 0,25 mita, iji merie trenches na trenches nke obosara ruo 1.8 mita na ike idi mpịakọta na n'akuku nke 28 degrees. The kacha nta mbịne okirikiri nke tank bụ 1,41 mita.

The njedebe nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ

N'oge a, General Étienne mere mgbalị ike onwe ha tank agha, nke e kwesịrị ịbụ a nkewa n'etiti ìhè, ọkara na arọ ígwè. Otú ọ dị, n'ozuzu ahụ nwere uche, ma, ebe ọ bụ na 1920, ngalaba nile bu ebutere tank bipu. Na nke a, e nwere nkewa nke ndi agha na bipu tankị.

Ma ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-arụ ọrụ nke Étienne abụghị n'efu - ruo 1923, ụlọ ọrụ «FCM» emepụta a iri-too ogologo arọ tankị 2C. N'aka nke ya, ekele na ụlọ ọrụ "Timna", e nwere ihe French alaka nke tankị M ụdị, igwe ndị a bụ ndị na-akpali na ha na-eji n'out oge na egwu na wiil. ụdị engine nwere ike na-agbanwe dabere na gburugburu ọnọdụ.

Army motorization mmemme

Na 1931, France malitere etinye uche pụrụ iche na-wheel na nyoputa onyeiro ugbo ala. Na nke a, ụlọ ọrụ "Renault" ka ẹkenam ọhụrụ site na oge nke ìhè AMR tank. Nke a igwe ụlọ elu na aru jikọọ ọnụ site nke angular etiti ma rivets. Metal Ibé akwụkwọ e setịpụrụ a ò n'akuku nke echiche. The ụlọ elu gbanwere n'ebe n'aka ekpe, na engine - nri. The-arụ ọrụ gụnyere mmadụ abụọ na-depụtara. Standard ngwá agha abụọ egbe - Reibel caliber nke 7.5 mm na krupokaliberny Hotchkiss (13,2 mm).

Unconventional armored ụgbọ ala

Oke mmepe nke French tankị nọ oge nke 1936-1940 afọ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ịrị elu bụ agha iyi egwu jụrụ site na French agha ndị maara nke ọma.

Otu nke tankị, nke banyere ọrụ na 1934, bụ B1. Ya na ime gosiri na ya nwere ịrịba drawbacks: ekwesịghị ekwesị echichi nke ngwá agha na ikpe, akwa ogo vulnerability nke Chassis, na enweghi uche nkesa ọrụ n'etiti ndi oru ugbo ndị òtù. Practice egosiwo na n'ezie na-akwọ nwere mee ka akara nke igwe na-na-ebu na ọkọnọ nke mgbọ. Nke a mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na dị ka a n'ihi nke tank ghọrọ a anyịnya lekwasịrị.

Ke adianade do, a pụrụ iche nchegbu bụ otú igwe agha. French arọ tankị, nakwa dị ka ndị ogbo ha n'ebe ọzọ n'ụwa, nwere ihe pụrụ iche a chọrọ maka ha ka ha chebe. B1 ha emeghị eme.

Ndien ke akpatre, ọtụtụ ihe - B1 bụ oke ọnụ na ndị na-ewu, ime ihe na mmezi. Nke àgwà ọma nke igwe na ọ bụ uru arịba ama ya elu na-agba na ezi njikwa.

Improved nlereanya

Ịtụle French arọ tankị, ị ga-hoo haa na ntị ka igwe B-1 bis. The arọ nke tank bụ tọn 32, na nke ukwu nke armored oyi akwa bụ 60 mm. Nke a na-enye ohere ndi oru ugbo na-eche onwe ya zvschischennym si German égbè ma e wezụga antiaircraft egbe Flak 36 caliber 88 mm. Ọ na-e mekwara mgwo agha.

Onwe ya, ihe armored ụgbọ ala ama na-aga nke nkedo akụkụ. The ụlọ elu-mere site na ndọtị, na ụlọ na-n'ịnyịnya na ọtụtụ armored ngalaba interconnected site bolts.

Nanị ọhụrụ nwere ike-atụle ọnụnọ nke tank nke haịdrọlik booster, ikwe jikwaa a multi-ton colossus enweghị ihe ọ bụla ike.

Dị ka ngwá agha ji site ca-35 75 mm caliber egbe ala, nke dị na aka nri nke onye na-akwọ. N'akuku nke elu nke 25 degrees na declination - 15. The kwụ egbe nwere a isiike fixation.

Ọzọkwa dị bụ a egbe "Chatellerault" caliber 7.5 mm. Ọ na-n'ịnyịnya dị n'okpuru egbe. Iji ọkụ si na ya nwere ike ime ka onye na-akwọ na tank ọchịagha. N'otu oge ahụ mee electric akpalite.

Tinye tank nwere ike ịbụ site na armored ụzọ n'akụkụ aka nri, hatches, emi odude ke ụlọ elu na na akwọ ụgbọala oche, nakwa dị ka abụọ mberede n'ọnụ ụzọ - onye dị na ala na otu n'elu nke engine ogige.

Ọzọkwa a French tank e onwem na a onwe-oru mmanụ ụgbọala tankị na directional gyro. Ejikwara ụgbọ ala-arụ ọrụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke anọ. A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke igwe nwere ike-atụle ọnụnọ nke a redio, nke n'oge ahụ a ụkọ.

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ

French tankị nke Ụwa nke Abụọ E gosiri ndị na-esonụ ígwè ọrụ:

• Hotchkiss H35 - igwe, mepụtara "Gochkiss". Na ya undercarriage etinyere isii rollers maka nke ọ bụla n'akụkụ. Fọrọ nke nta ka n'akụkụ nile nke tank e ikpu. Ogwe anọchi anya egbe 37 mm. Agha nwere a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 34 mm 45 mm, dabere na ya na ọnọdụ.
• Renault R35 - tank na oge gboo layout. The dum ígwè e bolted na hairpin njikọ. Ndị agha na-achụpụ. Firepower e nyere egbe na igwe egbe. The ike osisi - na engine carbureted anọ na-cylinder ike nke 83 horsepower. N'ụzọ dị mwute, tank kemgbe ngwa ngwa. Na a arọ ahụ nke 10 tọn, ọ nwere ike na-iru gbapụrụ ọsọ nke 19 km / h, e obere nkwado maka bipu nkeji.
• Middle bipu tank "Reno D-2 '- igwe na ezigbo agha ọkpụrụkpụ na ngwa ngwa ọsọ nke ije. Tank egbe nwere a dayameta nke 47 mm igwe egbe - 7.5 mm. Turret adiana na egbe rụrụ site n'aka menjuobi. Na nke ọ bụla n'akụkụ nke rollers 14 e ji.
• Somua S35 - tank na azụ-n'ịnyịnya powerplant. Engine - carburetor, asatọ cylinder, mmiri mmiri-mma. Chassis e ruo eruo na a ntuziaka nnyefe. Ịchịkwa igwe eji abụọ esi. The nkwusioru bụ mbuaha rollers. ahụ dị na ya bụ ọnụnọ nke isii iberibe agha bolted on. Hexagonal ụlọ elu ahụ siri ike. Ọ akọwaputa egbe ala na igwe egbe. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke frontal agha hà 36 mm, n'akụkụ - 41 mm, na frontal agha elu - 56 mm. The ndọghachi azụ nwere ike na-họọrọ ala ike ọsọ nke tank, karịsịa na ike ike teren.

ụbọchị mgbe agha

Kuchiri na 1946, na tank-usoro owuwu emewo ka ihe malitere-emepụta ihe kasị mma French tankị.

Na 1951 bịara a ìhè tank AMX-13 si ebu. Ya mma e ji oscillating turret.

Battle tank AMX-30 malitere-agbala na 1980. Ya ndokwa kpochapụwo atụmatụ. Driver nime ya ewekarị na n'aka ekpe. Onye agha na tank ọchịagha emi odude ke ọgụ ogige n'akụkụ aka nri nke egbe, odori otu fighter-anọdụ n'aka nri. Olu nke mmanụ ụgbọala tankị bụ 960 lita. Mgbọ bụ 47 gbaa.

Tank AMX-32 nwere a uka nke 40 ise. Ka sikwa egbe ogwe 120 mm, 20 mm egbe M693 igwe egbe na 7,62 mm. Mgbọ - 38 agba. Site okporo ụzọ tank bụ ike nke na gbapụrụ ọsọ nke 65 km / h. ogwe stabilization usoro offline. Na ọnụnọ nke a digital ballistic kọmputa, laser rangefinder. Na-arụ ọrụ n'abalị a na-eji ya na egbe igwefoto "Thomson S5R". Gburugburu nọchiri ihu nwere ike rụrụ na asatọ periscopes. Ọzọkwa, tank na-onwem na a ọkụ suppression usoro na ntụ oyi, ka ike anwụrụ ọkụ ákwà.

The mbupụ version

Ọ bụrụ na ndị n'elu nlereanya French tankị ẹkewetde nke France njikere, tank AMX-40 na-emepụta nanị n'ihi na mbupụ. ọku nduzi na akara usoro na-enye a 90% ohere nke ọkụkụ lekwasịrị, nke nwere ike na otú a ga-emi odude nsannsan 2000 mita. N'ihi ya si oge nke nchọpụta mbibi nke lekwasịrị na-aga naanị 8 sekọnd. The moto ụgbọ ala - dizel, 12-cylinder, turbocharged engine. Ọ na-ejikọrọ na akpaka nnyefe 7P, nke-enye gị ohere ịzụlite ikike 1300 l. a., ma mgbe e mesịrị na German nnyefe dochie na a French Ẹkot. Na okporo ụzọ tank nwere a top ọsọ nke 70 km / h.

oge a na oge

Iji ụbọchị, ọtụtụ ọhụrụ French tank - AMX-56 "Leclerc". Ya Oghere Usoro mmepụta na oru azụ na 1991.

Tank e ji a elu ogo saturation nke ngwá electronic, ngụkọta uru nke nke bụ hà ọkara price nke dum igwe. The layout nke tank - a kpochapụwo. Isi mgwo agha enịm ke ụlọ elu.

Agha igwe - multi-oyi akwa na-onwem na gaskets mere nke seramiiki ihe. The n'ihu akụkụ nke ụlọ nwere a modular imewe na-eme ka ọ dị mfe ịgbanwe mebiri emebi akụkụ.

The tank na-onwem na a usoro nke na-echebe butere ngwá agha ọgwụrụ na ịdọ aka ná ntị banyere laser irradiation usoro.

The ọgụ engine ogige na nwere a ngwa-ọku emenyụ usoro. Ọ dịghị nsogbu nwere ike jụrụ na anwụrụ ọkụ na ihuenyo na a anya nke ruo 55 mita.

Isi tank egbe bụ a egbe SM-120-26 120 mm. Ke adianade do, na ọnụnọ nke abụọ dị iche iche caliber egbe. Ọgụ Machine ibu - 54,5 tọn.