Gịnị bụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke dizel engine?

Tupu ị mata ihe kwesịrị ịbụ na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke dizel engine ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ezigbo parameters kwesịrị ịmụta ihe kasị ya Ọdịdị na mode nke ọrụ.

Atụmatụ nke dizel engine

Nke a na ụdị engine echepụta na 1824 site na French physics onye chepụtara na site na-agbanwe olu nke ahụ, ọ nwere ike na-ewe iwe, ie emepụta a ngwa ngwa mkpi.

The bara uru ngwa nke a amụma na-hụrụ naanị na 70 afọ. Nke ahụ bụ mgbe mbụ dizel engine e wepụtara. Ya na-arụ ọrụ ụkpụrụ bụ dị ka ndị a: e n'amaghi mgbanye nke agbara mmanụ ụgbọala, nke interacts na ikuku na mkpakọ usoro.

The dizel engine bụ ọtụtụ nso nke ngwa, sitere na site ụgbọala / ugbo ígwè na-agwụcha na ngwá agha (tankị, mmiri arịa).

Uru na ụkọ ihe ụfọdụ nke dizel engine

Dị ka ndị ọzọ niile na engines, na dizel nwere ọtụtụ ma nke oma ma na-ezighị ezi n'akụkụ. Isi uru:

• Akpa, dizel engines nwere ike iri ihe ọ bụla na mmanụ ụgbọala, nke mere ka ya na-adịghị eme oké njọ chọrọ.
• Nke abuo, nke ukwuu arọ na ịta nke carbon atọm, ihe kpo oku uru nke engine ike na arụmọrụ.
• Nke atọ, ugbo ala na dizel engines ọzọ anabata ruru akwa torque ụkpụrụ na ala gbapụrụ ọsọ. Ya mere, ndị nwe sports ngwa ngwa ụgbọala na-ahọrọ a dizel engine nhọrọ.
• Nke anọ, na ọdịnaya nke carbon dioxide na iyuzucha bụ ala karịa tụnyere mmanụ ụgbọala.
• Nke ise, dizel engine bụ ọzọ echekwa n'ihi na-eri nke mmanụ dizel bụ ihe na-erughị na-eri nke mmanụ ụgbọala.

N'agbanyeghị ihe ndị otu nnukwu ndepụta uru nke dizel engine nwere ọtụtụ drawbacks:

• Firstly, na-eri nke dizel engine n'elu-eri nke mmanụ ụgbọala, ebe ọ bụ na n'ihi na ịda ini ọrụ nke elu n'ibu ike mmiri kwesịrị nke elu àgwà na inogide.
• Nke abuo, na ike nke mmanụ ụgbọala engines ike karịa ndị dizel.
• Nke atọ, puru nke oyi hardening nke mmanụ dizel karịa mmanụ ụgbọala.
• Nke anọ, na ime ihe nke dizel engine kwesịrị nnọọ enyịn na anya, n'ihi na ọ bụrụ na ị na-elekọta ya, i nwere na-ebu rụziri mgbidi, nke ga-eri a otutu ego.

combustion adọ

Ọrụ Engine usoro a na-ekewa n'ime anọ n'akụkụ. First - ịgbanye a combustible ngwakọta n'ime ndị combustion ulo nke mgbali dị elu.

Nke abụọ - a ngwakọta amalite edita na ọkụ. The atọ akụkụ - guzobe untreated mbuaha ụmụ irighiri mmiri, nke na-ahụ converted n'ime soot. On 4 adọ - ere ọkụ nke manu residues iji amachi mmetọ si ha. Ebe a na-egosi na onye ahụ enweghị oxygen, ọ bụ n'ihi na uka nke manu nsure na aga na akụkụ.

moto kwa, na-arụ ọrụ na dizel

Ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala nwe ịjụ ajụjụ, ihe na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke dizel engine kwesịrị. Ma zaa ya, ị ga-akwụ ụgwọ ụfọdụ anya na isi na parameters emetụta engine arụmọrụ. Mkpa na moto ọrụ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cycles, ya bụ, na e nwere abụọ- na anọ na-ọrịa strok.

The ike unit na-adaberekwa na torque. The ọrụ okpomọkụ nke dizel engine kpebisiri ike site ogo mkpakọ nke gas-manu ngwakọta, nke mere na okpomọkụ bụ ihe ra nrata nye mkpakọ. N'ihi ya, site na ịba ụba nke mkpakọ ruru ga-amụba na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ga-ya mere dịkwuo ike nke usoro, rụọ arụmọrụ. Ọ bụ uru na-echeta na ndị kasị dị irè na-arụ ọrụ a rụrụ na a edo combustion nke mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta.

Otu ihe dị mkpa oke maka ọbọ kasị mma na arụmọrụ bụ ọrụ okpomọkụ. Arụ ọrụ dizel engine okpomọkụ ga-aka iso dabeere na engine imewe na nzube. Eziokwu a na-ekpebi ma ma ọ bụ na nkịtị okpomọkụ.

Operating okpomọkụ "Volkswagen"

Gịnị bụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke dizel engine "Volkswagen"? ọtụtụ nwe ndị a ugbo ala na-kpọmkwem na a nke. Dị ka a maara, onye ọ bụla ika, ụgbọ ala nlereanya dabere na ụdị nke moto nwere ya ọrụ okpomọkụ.

A, na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke dizel engine "VW" bụ na nso nke 90-100 degrees Celsius. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-eme na ngwá panel na-egosi na okpomọkụ dị elu karịa e n'ezie bụ. Nke a na-eme mgbe na onye ụgbọ ala "Volkswagen". Ma ọsọ ịgbanwe ngwaike, ị ga-ebu ụzọ kpọtụrụ ọrụ maka oru nnyocha ma guzosie ike na-akpata malfunction.

The na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke "Mercedes"

The ọrụ okpomọkụ nke dizel engine, "Mercedes" na-adabere na ọtụtụ ihe. Mbụ niile, ọ bụ ụgbọala na-arụ ọrụ ọnọdụ. Mgbe ahụ pịnye nke thermostat. Ọzọkwa dabere na mpaghara nke obibi, ma Siberia ma ọ bụ karịa n'ebe ndịda na mpaghara, thermostat na-agbazi ka kacha okpomọkụ.

Ndị na-adị ọrụ okpomọkụ nke dizel engine "Mercedes" nwere ike mbio 80 100 degrees. On ike engines nke 220 horsepower enye thermostat na 75-78 degrees Celsius. N'ihi na oyi na-atụ n'ógbè, na Kama nke ahụ, na ruo 97 degrees.

Operating okpomọkụ "Opel"

The ọrụ okpomọkụ nke dizel engine "Opel" n'ihi na ọ bụ n'okpuru elu nsogbu, nwere ike mgbe ụfọdụ gafere nkịtị akara index site ọtụtụ ihe. Na-emekarị na ọ bụ gburugburu 104-111 degrees Celsius.

The ụgbọ ala "Opel" nyere ndị jụrụ usoro. Mgbe uku elu ịgba nke na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ a gụnyere a na-akwado na cools engine ngwa ngwa ka a kacha nta uru.

Operating okpomọkụ Kamaz

Nnọọ na-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị nwe ma ọ bụ na-aga na-a ajụjụ nke nke na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke dizel engine KamAZ. Azịza nke ajụjụ a bụ a oge nke 95-98 degrees Celsius.

Mgbe a na okpomọkụ na mmanụ ụgbọala na-erechapụkwa, ọtụtụ họọrọ ime clearances na moto. Ọ bụrụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ dị oke obere, ọ pụrụ merụsịrị emetụta ọrụ nke engine.

The mmanụ a dizel engine

The isi ọrụ nke mmanụ na ndị ọzọ na lubricants na moto bụ ịrịba gụnyere ya ná esemokwu n'etiti nkpọwa, nke enwekwu ha ọrụ ndụ. Oke nke mmanu na-adabere na engine ụdị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ. The arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke mmanụ a dizel engine na-adabere na engine coolant. Ihe dị iche bụ 10-15 degrees Celsius. The elu fọrọ nke ya nkịtị okpomọkụ - 105 degrees.

Ke adianade mmanụ okpomọkụ jirichaa bara uru ọrụ ndị engine ga-enwe ezigbo parameters: viscosity na lubrication. The viscosity ga-dabere na ọnọdụ ihu igwe, na ikuku okpomọkụ. Ebe ọ bụ na-ezighị ezi oke nke mmanụ a viscosity ekwesighi nwere ike akpaghasị engine na ya n'akụkụ. Lubrication nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị: Ịgba, gidrodinamichnoe. Ókè lubrication pụtara na n'efu mmanụ a na-ewepụ si akụkụ nke engine, na ọ na-ada ka òkè nke ọhụrụ. Pressure bụ na mmanụ bụ mgbe niile ọhụrụ, n'ígwè akụkụ. Na nso nso a karị ụdị nke engines ji atụ n'ígwè mbụ n'onwe.

Amụba na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ

The nkọ abawanye na engine ọrụ okpomọkụ nwere ike ime ka ukwuu mmebi karịa ezughi oke okpomọkụ. Na nke a, na engine akụkụ na-na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ na hydrodynamic lubrication mode, nke lowers viscosity nke mmanụ. Mgbe ahụ mmanụ na-kpam kpam na-ekpuchi n'akụkụ nile, nke ozokwa eduga mmebi nke moto usoro. Oil ọgụgụ ga-nkịtị, ekele mgbe nile dozalivam. Bụrụ na nke ekpo oke ọkụ nke engine na akpa ebe na-abịa n'ime ụlọ disrepair na biarin, ma mgbapụta nkịtị. Nke a na onu bụ yiri nsogbu mere site na ya erughị eru lubrication.

Malite nke dizel engines ke ini etuep ọnọdụ

Fọrọ nke nta niile ndị mmadụ mara ihe dị gị mkpa ọkụ n'ihu ụgbọala gị ụgbọala engine. Karịsịa na oyi nkeji oge. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-atụle nke a na-ekpokwu ọkụ usoro n'ụzọ zuru ezu, anyị na-ahụ ndị na-esonụ: nke mbụ niile-amalite ikpo elu na pistons, na na mgbe ahụ cylinder ngọngọ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-amalite na-akwọ ụgbọala na a oyi engine, mmanụ na-enwe a oké anọgidesi agaghị ịsọ nri quantities. Na dị ka a n'ihi nke a merenụ nwere ike ime ka breakage.

Rịba ama na ụgbọala na oké kpo oku nke wear bụ nnọọ na-emerụ. Nke a na-ebelata ọrụ ndụ nke engine na dum ala n'akụkụ. Iji ọkụ elu ụgbọala n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ dị mkpa iji mee ka na-enyemaka nke na-abaghị uru mmiri mmiri okpomọkụ ruo 50 degrees Celsius. Mgbe ahụ, ị nwere ike n'enweghị-amalite na-akpụ akpụ, ghara gafere 2500 rpm. Mgbe kpo oku na mmanụ a na-arụ ọrụ larịị nke gas nwere ike kwukwara.

Ịrụzu ndị a, ọ bụ ike ịnọgide na-enwe ike n'ezi ihe nke ọ bụghị nanị na engine ma gị ego. Ọ bụrụ na ndị engine jụ-amalite mgbe ahụ i kwesịrị iji a pụrụ iche mepụtakwara mmako. Ruru ha mejupụtara ha na-eme abụghị paraffins. Ha na-kwukwara bụghị nanị dị ka a iche iche mmako, ma na njikọ na mmanụ ụgbọala na-edebe ihe ezigbo n'ike-n'ike.