Great Northern War 1700-1721: isi ihe, nkebi nke na-eme ihe nkiri

Great Northern War nke 1700-1721., Matịa ihe fọrọ nke nta a nkeji iri na ise na narị afọ, ọ bụghị nanị na nke abụọ oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian na ala, ma na-gbanwere Vektọ na mba arena. Russia ọ bụghị nanị na enwetara ihe tinyekwa na Baltic Oké Osimiri na-amụba ya n'ókèala, ma kwaga na n'usoro nke superpower, nke ugbu a nwere na-na-ewere ụwa.

Mba ọzọ amụma nke Peter m, ndị na-akpata agha

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị Tsar Pita elu ocheeze dị ka n'oge dị afọ iri, jupụtara na reins o we naanị na 1689. Site na nke a oge na Grand Embassy nwa eze jisiri n'èzí nke Russia na-eche ihe dị iche. Na afọ 1695-1696 karịa ahụmahụ ndozigharị Tsar kpebiri tụọ onwe ha na ndị Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu na malitere Azov mkpọsa. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ụfọdụ e ruru, e weghaara ebe e wusiri ike nke Azov, na-achịkwa ya nwetara ndịda ala nke ala, ma na-zuru ohere ka Black Sea Peter emeghị.

Ịgbazigharị ndị agha na-eke a ọzọ oge a na nsoro, Peter ekpebiri m ịlaghachi n'ala-ha na nwere ohere na Baltic Oké Osimiri, si otú na-eme Russia a Maritime ike. Ingria na Karelia, nke a jụrụ site Swedish ọbụna ke nsogbu ụfọdụ, adịghị enye ọzọ na eze-agbanwe. E nwere ihe ọzọ ọnọdụ - nnọọ "oyi ubu" na Riga Russian mbon gawa site Peter. N'ihi ya, Northern War 1700-1721, isi ihe nke tụgharịa N'ezie nke ụwa akụkọ ihe mere eme, bụ maka Russia bụghị naanị a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mkpebi, ma a okwu nke nsọpụrụ.

Mmalite nke see

Na 1699 ọ nọ na ọdịda nke Northern Alliance n'etiti Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Denmark, Saxony, na Russian n'eluigwe. Nzube nke mkpakọrịta imeda Sweden, otu n'ime ndị kasị akpa ike n'oge ahụ. Ọ bụla na mba na-achụ ọdịmma nke ya na nwere territorial ekwu megide Swedes. Great Northern War 1700-1721 nkenke kewara n'ime anọ isi oge.

The oge 1700-1706 gg. - akpa na ihe ịga nke ọma n'ihi na Russia. Na 1700 e nwere n'agha nke mbụ nke Narva, ebe Russian agha, e meriri. Mgbe ndị agha ụzọ gafere site n'aka ndị na-emegide. Na 1706, Russian meriri ndị Swedish-Polish agha nọ n'okpuru Kalisz. Peter m anwa niile m ahapụ òtù ke August II - King nke Commonwealth, ma Swedish eze ka kewaa mmekota. Russia fọdụrụ naanị na a dị ike nsoro na ndị agha na nke Charles XII.

The abụọ na-adọ nke Northern War

Great Northern War 1700-1721, isi ihe nke na-metụtara mmegide naanị Swedish-Russian agha na fleets kwagara n'ime ọzọ ogbo. 1707 -1709 afọ. Ọ nwere ike kọwara dị ka nke abụọ ogbo nke Russian-Swedish agha. Ọ ghọrọ a gbanwere. Onye ọ bụla nke na-ebu agha n'akụkụ na-ewu ike ha: mụbara size ndị agha na ngwá agha. Karl Xii nwere echiche na-weghara ụfọdụ Russian n'ókèala. Ma n'ikpeazụ m chọrọ kpamkpam dismember Russia.

Russian Tsar, n'aka nke ya, na-arọ nrọ nke Baltic na-ekwu na mgbasa nke n'ókèala ha. Otú ọ dị, mba ọnọdụ kwadoro iro. United Alaeze na-adịghị nyere aka Russia na n'ụzọ ọ bụla na mba arena inye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị support na Sweden. Great Northern War nke 1700-1721. Ọ ghọrọ na-agwụ ike maka abụọ, ma na a agafeghị oke nkwekorita onye ọ bụla nke eze ikenyịmeke.

Agbago n'ókè-ala nke Russia, Swedish agha nwere ókèala ndị n'ókèala, na-eme atụmatụ ịkwaga Smolensk. Na August 1708 na Swedes ahụhụ ọtụtụ kenkwucha wee merie na kpebiri ịga Ukraine, na nkwado nke Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Ma ihe ka nnọọ n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Ukrainian nkịtị na Cossacks nanị ịmata ihe ndị Swedes ka ebido, na-enye ha na eluigwe na ala na-eguzogide. Na June 1709, e nwere a agha nke Poltava, nke ghọrọ a mgbanwe na agha. Peter m na ọchịagha ya meriri ndị Swedes. Charles na Mazepa gbagara Turkey, ma ekweghị abịanye aka chịlie aka elu. N'ihi ya, Northern War 1700-1721, isi ihe nke mere na ókèala nke Russia, Sweden n'ezie efu.

Oge nke atọ nke see

Si 1710-1718 gg. nke atọ na-adọ nke see okwu n'etiti mba abụọ. Ihe ndị mere Northern War nke 1700-1721. oge a ọ dighi obere ufiop. Na 1710, ọ maliteghachiri ya adị na Northern Alliance. Na Sweden, n'aka, nwere ike na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime agha na Turkey. Na 1710 ọ kwuru agha Russia, si otú na-egbu oge a nnukwu agha na onwe ha na adịghị ekwe Peter obibi a bụrụkwa igbu ka Swedes.

Na ọtụtụ, a nzọụkwụ nwere ike na-akpọ oge nke diplomatic agha, ebe ọ bụ na isi agha ekenịmde ke n'akụkụ peeji. Great Britain nọ na-agbalị imebi Russia na-enye ya wakporo Europe. Na Russia, ugbu a, ka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na kọntaktị na France. Na 1718, a udo nkwekọrịta ike-aka, ma mberede na ọnwụ nke Charles XII n'oge nnọchibido nke ebe siri ike na Norway, mere ka a mgbanwe nke eze, na ruo oge ụfọdụ kewapụrụ ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke udo. N'ihi ya, Northern War 1700-1721, na nkenke na conventionally kewara 4 nkebi, na-ekwe nkwa mmeri Sweden dị ka n'oge dị 1718, ma Queen Ulrika Eleonora na-enwe olileanya maka n'èzí enyemaka.

The ikpeazụ nke agha arụmọrụ ke Northern War

The ikpeazụ nke agha arụmọrụ - 1718-1721 gg. - akọ akụkọ ihe mere kọwara dị ka n'ezinụlọ oge. Active hostilities na bụghị ekenịmde ruo afọ atọ. Entry n'ime UK agha na n'akụkụ nke Sweden nyere ikpeazụ obi ike na ọ ga-ekwe omume mmeri. Na wee ghara inye Russia a foothold na Baltic mba, mba obodo dị njikere oge na agha ogu. Ma ezi enyemaka British agha enweghị akwado ya, na Russian nsoro meriri agwaetiti nke Saaremaa na Grengam nwekwara ọtụtụ ihe ịga nke ọma mkpọsa nwere Russian agha. The pụta bụ ndị bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwado nke ndị Treaty nke Nystad.

The results nke Northern War

Great Northern War 1700-1721, isi ihe nke mere ka zuru ezu na mmeri nke Sweden, aghọwo "window na Europe", nke ọ bụghị nanị me Russia ka a ọhụrụ mba ozo, ma nwee ohere ka mpi na ụwa ogbo na mepụtara European hegemony.

Czarist Russia ghọrọ alaeze ukwu. Russia nweela ude na mba arena. Attaching nwa afọ Russian n'ókèala na ohere na Baltic States wee ebe. Na ya pụta bụ na nguzobe nke ọhụrụ obodo, gụnyere St. Petersburg. Budata ụba na naval nwere nke ala. Russia aghọwo a party mba ahịa.