Hadfield ígwè atụmatụ: mejupụtara, ojiji

Nchara ụlọ ọrụ - otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa mmiri nke GDP nke ọ bụla ná mba, dị ka ọ na-arụpụta pụrụ iche na ọ bara uru ihe. Enweghị emepụta steelworks ngwaahịa a kpọrọ mmadụ pụrụ ime na-enweghị. Steel - otu n'ime ha. E nwere dị iche iche nke ihe na-eji na ọtụtụ ọrụ. Steel, nke nwere elu plasticity na-eyi ọnụego, ya - Hadfield ígwè, - pụrụ iche alloy. A chọrọ maka ya na-usoro GOST 977-88 na mba ọzọ na ndị ogbo (USA, England, Germany, China, Japan, Finland, Spain, Korea).

History Hadfield ígwè

Dị ka aha na-atụ aro, ọ nwere ike na-arụ ụka na ọ bụ Robert Hadfield natara a alloy. Ònye bụ Onye Mmepụta? Robert Hadfield - English metallurgist onye natara ihe alloy na elu ike 1882. Nnọọ anya, nke a ígwè agbasawo na bụ nnọọ pụrụ iche ihe onwunwe.

Mgbe Hadfield Steel azụlitewo a pụrụ iche, nwere mmasi ya mmepe site agha. Nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya, ebe ihe dị otú ahụ alloy bụ ihe dị oké mkpa akụrụngwa maka ihe e kere eke nke na-echebe ngwá agha.

Bipu okpu agha jupụtara na nkume - akpa nchedo, nke dabeere Hadfield ígwè. Ndị a okpu agha e ji site agha nke British Army, mgbe ahụ, bịara nwee mmasị na mmepe nke US agha na malitere ha mmepụta. Up 80 technology Hadfield ígwè agbanweghị. Ma, ya na 80-ies e mepụtara organoplastics na ike abụghị usụhọde ihe mepụtara site na British metallurgist, ma, ọ bụ nnọọ mfe.

Okpu agha maka bipu - ọ bụghị naanị iji Hadfield ígwè. The British ụlọ ọrụ "Vickers" bụ ndị mbụ ga-eji ndị ọzọ na nzube dị elu-ọkwa ígwè. Esoro armored ụgbọala bidoro ibipụta Hadfield nke alloy na 20s. Steel tank gwongworo ụba agbara site 500 na 4800 kilomita. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, a yiri na-abawanye na agbara a na-ewere ihe fọrọ nke nta a ọrụ ebube. Hadfield ígwè aghọwo oké mkpa maka tank development. N'oge na-adịghị, nke a alloy na-eji ọ bụghị nanị na tank kamakwa ndị ọzọ ọrụ. Na USSR, mmalite nke Hadfield ígwè smelted na 1936.

Hadfield Steel: mejupụtara

Inyocha ihe chemical mejupụtara, akpan akpan pasent nke carbon na manganese nwere ike hụrụ na ọ bụ austenitic ígwè. Ndị dị otú ahụ a Ọdịdị mma wear-eguzogide ma na a siri ike na alloy. N'ihi ya, nchara bụ eguzogide deformation usoro, na-enwe a elu ogo ductility na ike. Steelmakers na-ekwu na nke a bụ nke mbụ na alloy igwe anaghị agba nchara, nke malitere uka-ọmume.

Njirimara nke Hadfield ígwè

N'ihi ya Njirimara austenitic ígwè ike-esichara site ịcha ngwaọrụ, n'ihi na ọ nwere nnukwu viscosity. Naanị ịkpụzi nwere ike kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na imewe nke ngwaahịa mere si a ihe onwunwe.

Hadfield alloy nwere a elu ikike ọrụ hardening, nke bụ budata elu karịa nke yiri ígwè alloys. Austenitic ígwè nwere ala ekweghị ekwe, elu wear eguzogide ma meekwa mmetụta, elu nsogbu na okpomọkụ tụlee. Dabere na ndị e ji mara, anyị nwere ike ikwu na British metallurgist ígwè kwesịrị ekwesị maka na corrosive gburugburu.

Karịsịa ịgbado ọkụ technology Hadfield ígwè

The thermal conductivity nke austenite bụ budata ala karịa nke ndị ọzọ steels, 4-6 ugboro. The thermal mgbasa ọnụọgụ bụ ọtụtụ ugboro karịa na nke ala-na-carbon steels - na 1,9 ugboro. Ndị a dị oké mkpa e ji mara nke metal, otú ahụ ka a pụrụ isi kwuo na-ekwe omume nke oyi cracking na okpomọkụ ikpughe.

E nwere a ịrịba puru na-ekpo ọkụ cracking ruru shrinkage nke mgbatị alloy, nke bụ 1.6 ugboro ọzọ ala-na-carbon metal. The elu okpomọkụ agbanwe ndị austenitic Ọdịdị na martensitic, nke enwekwu ihe ize ndụ nke cracks na mpaghara nke okpomọkụ.

Areas nke ngwa Hadfield ígwè

Ruru ya chemical mejupụtara, e ji mara na atụmatụ nke austenite na-eji na ọtụtụ ọrụ. Iji ígwè na ngwaahịa, i nwere ike ijide n'aka na nke ha pụrụ ịdabere na kasị elu anwụ ngwa ngwa.

Eyi na-eguzogide ígwè bụ a na-ewu ewu ihe. A nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta elu-ike na ngwaahịa, na-eji Hadfield ígwè. Ndị na-esonụ ngwaahịa na-emepụta a alloy:

• Engineering ngwaahịa.
• Truckee tankị caterpillars.
• Traktọ.
• Railway ịgafe.
• Turnouts, ike nke na-arụ ọrụ na aka ike mmetụta ibu na abrasion ọnọdụ.
• Mkpọrọ na windo.
• crusher mmiri.

Ụtọ na-n'ichepụta mkpọrọ lattices nke austenite. Ọtụtụ ndị kweere na ọ bụ ekara ịkwa emo nke ndị mkpọrọ bụ na-agbali gbapụ. Dị ka ochie nke genre, ọtụtụ ndị ikwu gbebatara a hacksaw na ndị mkpọrọ bụ na olileanya nke nnwere onwe na-amalite ibelata window Ogwe.

N'ihe banyere ndị nkịtị metal bụ puru ụzọ mgbapụ. Ma Hadfield Alloy - ọ bụ na-eyi na-eguzogide ígwè, nke na-abụkarị a hacksaw na hụrụ agaghị ekwe omume. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-amalite hụrụ lattice nke alloy Hadfield, ọ na-amalite na-ekwesi elu elu, nke na-eduga hardening nke austenite. Hacksaw lattice enwekwu ekweghị ekwe na ekweghị ekwe handsaw n'elu. Ya mere, anyị nwere ike ikwu banyere ndị tọgbọrọ n'efu nke ụzọ mgbapụ.

ígwè 110G13L

Steel ọkwa 110G13L - alloy, nke na-eji maka oge ọgbụgba na nwere pụrụ iche Njirimara. Nke a ígwè nwere nnukwu wear eguzogide na-efega ma ọ bụ mgbali differentials.

Ngwa steels 110G13L

Nke a ụdị ígwè na-eji na mmepụta nke ndị na-esonụ ihe:

• Oké ọrụ na akụkụ na mkpa ka inogide.
• cone crusher.
• Ezé-egwupụta mgbidi.
• Housing bọl, ugboelu mills.

Analogs steels

Ndị dị otú ahụ a ígwè emepụta site n'ọtụtụ mba.

Njirimara nke nchara ọkwa 110G13L

Nkà na ụzụ na n'ibu Njirimara nke ihe onwunwe na-e nyere na tebụl.

Mechanical Njirimara na T = 20 ^o C ika ígwè 110G13L

okpomọkụ omume

Okpomọkụ omume Hadfield ígwè na-adabere na larịị nke carbon ọdịnaya alloy. The elu nke carbon, na elu okpomọkụ. Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụrụ na na alloy ọ bụ na 1%, okpomọkụ kwesịrị n'okpuru 900 degrees. Ọ bụrụ na 1.5% carbon, nhazi bụ omume na 1000 degrees. Ọ bụrụ na carbon bụ ugbu ke alloy na 1.6%, okpomọkụ kwesịrị n'elu 1050 degrees. Nke a na-agbaso site mmiri jụrụ.

High okpomọkụ a chọrọ maka zuru mgbasa nke carbides, ịkparị àgwà nke mgbatị, na maka uto nke austenite mkpụrụ. nēfe ikpughe oge na-adabere na ya ọkpụrụkpụ. N'ihi ya, a 30-mm ọkpụrụkpụ achọ Nrịrọ na 4 awa, na 125 mm - 24 awa.

Abrasion eguzogide Hadfield ígwè na dị ka-igba ọnọdụ bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka mgbe quenching. austenite Ọdịdị gbara ndị carbide na ntupu na-akpa àgwà na-eyi ọnọdụ nakwa dị ka homogeneous obi tara mmiri alloy. Ọ nwere ike mere a ga-rụrụ ụka na na ụfọdụ wụrụ awụ austenite microvolumes nwere otu ike na anwụ ngwa ngwa dị ka obi tara mmiri ígwè. Ya ụba fragility n'ihi na mmetụta nke carbide okporo, nke na-akpata a ike ịta nke esịtidem nsogbu.

Hadfield ígwè e mepụtara ọtụtụ iri afọ gara aga. Taa, alloy ígwè - bụ ihe akụkụ nke na mmepụta nke ọtụtụ ngwaahịa na dị iche iche ọrụ. Enweghị ndị dị otú ahụ ọrụ dị ka igwe ụlọ, mmanụ na gas, chemical, nri nhazi, ike ụlọ ọrụ ike na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Echefula banyere owuwu, tank n'ichepụta na mmepe nke ọhụrụ ụdị ngwá agha na-eji ọhụrụ rụzuru ígwè ụlọ ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ndị injinia na metallurgists aghọtachaghị niile nke Njirimara, atụmatụ na e ji mara nke alloy steels.