Hokkaido Island, Japan: nkọwa, nkọwa, na-akpali eziokwu na reviews

Japan - a mba nke bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mmasị n'etiti ọtụtụ njem. Mara mma ọdịdị nke Japan, ya pụrụ iche bara ọgaranya akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị ha pụrụ iche na-adọta ọtụtụ ndị si n'akụkụ nile nke ụwa.

atụmatụ ọnọdụ a kọwara n'okpuru ebe n'ụwa geographically nkuku bụ na ọ bụ ma ndị kasị easterly na ugwu agwaetiti Japan akipelago.

Japan Hokkaido

Ọ bụ nke abụọ kasị ukwuu n'àgwàetiti Japan. The n'ebe ugwu ya ruo n'ókè, nakwa dị ka ofụri Japan - Cape Soya, na easternmost - akwa nosappu-Salem.

The ezigbo agbata obi agwaetiti - Honshu, iche site na Tsugaru Strait. The mmiri nke Okhotsk Sea asa ya n'ebe ugwu n'ikpere mmiri, Osimiri Japan - Western, na Pacific Ocean - n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.

Honshu - n'àgwàetiti Hokkaido ibu. Na mbụ, ọ maara dị ka Hondo na Nippon. Ọ bụ 60% nke ebe na mba ahụ. Ma Hokkaido, otu n'ime 4 kasị agwaetiti nke Japan, nke kacha mma chekwara primeval okike. Banyere 10% nke ya n'ókèala a na-ji site n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba (20 na ngụkọta). Ya mere, ọ bụ ebe bụ isi nke Hokkaido ụdị njem.

Ókèala n'àgwàetiti Hokkaido nwere ngụkọta nke ebe n'elu 83.453 km2.
Ọ bi 5.507.456 ndị mmadụ (dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ 2010).

A nkenke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agwaetiti nke Hokkaido

Akpụ akpụ na Hokkaido ebe malitere banyere 20 puku. Afọ gara aga. N'ụbọchị ndị Ainu biri ebe a - otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie iche iche nke Japanese isuo. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe nke na Japanese agwaetiti ka retains a nnukwu dịgasị iche iche nke egwuregwu mgbagwoju anya. The nnọọ mbụ akwụkwọ mara na-eme nnyocha-ọkà mmụta sayensị anyị na ụbọchị, e mere na peeji nke "Hong Shoki" - Japanese dere ncheta, akpa si narị afọ nke asatọ BC

E nwere a pụtara nkịtị nchepụta nke na Vatarishima agwaetiti (banyere ya na zoro aka na nke a akukonsinooge) bụ Hokkaido, bụ nke e mere aha ya bụ naanị na 1869.

The n'Àgwàetiti (Ainu) nọ na-achụ n'oge azu na ịchụ nta, na ndị dị n'oge ahia mmekọahụ na ha gbara agbata obi isuo, nye ha ohere na-enye onwe ha na osikapa na ígwè.

The udo jụụ ndụ ha biri na XIV-XV narị afọ, mgbe Japanese nwayọọ nwayọọ malitere ibi gbara agbata obi dịịrị banye na mmiri Oshima (site Hokkaido South-West). Ọ na-e aggressively ewerewo Ainu, nke emewo ka omume agha na biri na 1475, mgbe onye ndú ha e gburu.

N'oge heyday nke ọchịchị Prince Matsumae, ókèala nke na-emi odude tumadi na banyere. Oshima, Hokkaido agwaetiti nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ a akụkụ nke onwunwe ha. Ọzọ, ebe ọ bụ na agwaetiti mebiri ogologo guzo mgba n'etiti obodo natives na Japanese. Ainu nupụrụ isi ruo mgbe 2nd ọkara nke narị afọ nke 18, ma ọ dịghị ihe ndị a omume na-adịghị ẹdi. Japanese obi ike ẹkenịmde mkpa agwaetiti n'aka-ha, otú ahụ karị, mgbe e nwere ka a ohere nke a Russian agha si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ.

Na 1868-1869 gg. Hokkaido Ezo enwere otu nọọrọ onwe ha na Soviet, nke a na-akpọsa mgbe akpụ akpụ na agwaetiti puku agha, họọrọ mgbe mbụ ntuli aka nke Japanese isi nke Republic - E. Admiral Takeaki.

The eze ukwu na-na-ata ahụhụ dị otú ahụ arbitrariness na n'ókèala ha, na March 1869 na Republic of Ezo A kagburu, na ya onye ndú a mara ikpe.

Oge ihe isi ike n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ na 1945, mgbe ya n'ókèala bụ a egwu bọmbụ. N'ihi ya, merụsịrị mebiri emebi ọtụtụ obodo na obodo nta.

Relief mined minerals

Hokkaido agwaetiti bụ ukwuu n'ime ugwu ugwu teren. Ihe karịrị ọkara nke ókèala ahụ a na-arụ site ugwu, ndị ọzọ na-kpuchie site na mbara ọzara. Mountain ridges (Hidaka, Tokachi et al.), Elongated na ntụziaka submeridional. The kasị elu mgbe ndị Hokkaido - Mount Asahi (elu 2290 mita). Àgwàetiti 8 agbọpụta ọkụ, nke na-arụ ọrụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ebe a, dị ka Japan, ala ọma jijiji ga-eme.

Gbazere n'àgwàetiti ike coal, ígwè ore na sọlfọ ahụ.

Ọnọdụ na agbụrụ mejupụtara nke ndị bi na

Hokkaido (Prefecture) administratively ekewa 14 sub-prefectures.
Àgwàetiti isi obodo - Sapporo, na a bi na nke 1.915.542 ndị mmadụ (dị ka 2010 ọnụ ọgụgụ nke afọ).

Sapporo - ndị kasị ibu obodo Hokkaido. Site Kuril agwaetiti iche iche site na Straits of ya n'ịghọ aghụghọ ule na Kunashir.

Isi obodo nke agwaetiti - Muroran, Tomakomai, Otaru. The agbụrụ mejupụtara bụ nnọọ mfe: Japanese - 98.5% nke ngụkọta bi, Koreans - 0,5%, Chinese - 0.4% na ndị ọzọ na agbụrụ dị iche iche (gụnyere Ainus) - na 0,6%.

Rivers na ọdọ mmiri

The kasị ibu osimiri agwaetiti - Ishikari (ogologo 265 km) na Tokachi (ogologo 156 km).
ndị kasị ibu ọdọ - Sikotsu, Toya na Kuttyaro (oghere) na SAR (laguunu mbido). E nwere a ịrịba ego nke Hokkaido na obere mgbawa ugwu ọdọ mmiri ahụ na-nri site na ịnweta iyi dị ọkụ.

ihu igwe

Hokkaido nwere a ihu igwe a bit dị iche iche karịa n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Japan. Ebe a, nkezi afọ okpomọkụ bụ naanị +8 Celsius C. N'ihi na mbọhọ ka Pacific Ocean na ebe ndị a maka afọ bụ nkezi nke naanị 17 full ụbọchị nke anwụ. Ma n'oge okpomọkụ oge na e nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta 149 ezo, na oyi - banyere 123 snow ụbọchị.

Ma, dị ka Japanese ụkpụrụ okpomọkụ ihu igwe n'àgwàetiti Hokkaido, drier, na oyi - njọ karịa ndị ọzọ na mpaghara nke mba.

Ee, na echiche nke "ugwu" na Hokkaido bụ nnọọ ikwu. Dị ka ihe atụ, obodo nke Wakkanai, emi odude ke oké ugwu nke agwaetiti ahụ, emi odude n'ebe ndịda nke obodo Paris. Ke ofụri ofụri, a agwaetiti na Japan na-atụle "ike North."

Flora na fauna

Kasị nke ahịhịa na Hokkaido bụ coniferous ọhịa (fir na spruce), interspersed na achara (iri 60% nke agwaetiti). Fir, birch ọhịa na shrub heaths nkịtị ugwu.

N'etiti mammals e nwere nkịta ọhịa, anụ ọhịa bea, Sable, ermine na weasels. All nke Japanese agwaetiti (Hokkaido n'etiti ha) bi ijuanya iche iche ụwa nke nnụnụ na ha osimiri na-eju eju na otutu umu azu.

nlegharị anya

Gịnị bụ na-akpali, ma e wezụga n'ihi ịtụnanya pụrụ iche ọdịdị, ndị ahụ ka n'àgwàetiti Hokkaido? Ebiet Nyocha a agwaetiti, n'ihi na nke ahụ, na ihe nile nke Japan, ndị kasị mma.

Na Sapporo, e nwere ọtụtụ ọwọrọiso ebe: elekere ụlọ elu nke otu aha - bụ otu n'ime ihe ole na ole dị ndụ ụlọ nke mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19 na American colonial style; Botanical Garden na a ẹnịm òkè nke na oke ohia na ozugbo na-eto na ebe nke obodo; Odori Boulevard; TV Tower (elu 147 mita); Mountain Capelin 8 kilomita site na isi obodo; biya ngosi nka (otu ugboro a factory maka ya mmepụta); Nakajima Park.

Na obodo nke Hakodate e pyatibastionnaya Ebe e wusiri ike (1864); Ebe obibi ndị mọnk Koryudzi; Church nke Mbilite n'Ọnwụ nke Jehova na Church Catholic Momomati; Ebe obibi ndị mọnk Higashi Honganji.

N'àgwàetiti e Hokkkaydo National Parks: shikotsu-tōya mba ogige, Kushiro-Sitsugen, Akan, Shiretoko, Rebun na Rishiri Island-Tayseiudzan. Parks azọrọ - Hidaka, Abashiri, Onuma, prefectural eke park Akkeshi.

Ná mmechi, a ole na ole na-akpali eziokwu

• Na mbụ e chere na Hokkaido - Russian agwaetiti. Japan egosighị mmasị ọ bụla ma ọ bụ na Kuril Islands, Sakhalin ma, tupu ọgwụgwụ nke narị afọ nke 18. Island na mbụ na Japan na eze na-ewere ọbịa ókèala. Na 1786 rutere na Japanese zukọrọ n'ebe ndị obodo, eyi Russian aha na surnames. Ndị a bụ ndị nna nna nke ukwuu Ainu, onye were ozugbo Russian amaala na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks na n'oge narị afọ nke 18. Ainu ndị mmadụ na-eji na-ebi ndụ na ókèala nke Russia (Sakhalin, na Ndida nke Kamchatka na Kuril Islands). Mba a nwere a pụrụ iche mma - a European anya. Taa ke Japan, e nwere mkpokọta 30 000 nke ụmụ ha, ma, ha nwere ike na-webatara na Japanese n'oge a ogologo oge.

• The Sapporo Snow Festival ẹkenịmde kwa afọ, nke mbụ e nwere na 1950. Nke a na ụdị ngosi nke snow ọgụgụ.

• Na Hokkaido ọtụtụ iyi dị ọkụ nke ukwuu. The kasị akpali ndị a bụ Dzigokudani (Dolina Ada). A na saịtị e nwere ọtụtụ geysers, mgbe ụfọdụ na-efego n'elu ala.

• Na ya ebe Hokkaido bụ mkpokọta hà Austrian ókèala.

• Ebe ọ bụ na 1859 na Sapporo na-arụ ọrụ ihe na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks, wuru agha nke Russian Church Mission - Church nke Mbilite n'Ọnwụ nke Jehova. Ebe ọ bụ na 1983, ọ na eze bụ omenala nketa nke Japan.