International nkwekọrịta na nchedo nke gburugburu ebe obibi: atụ

Back na 1902, Paris mbụ tọhapụrụ Act banyere nchebe nke fauna - a ogbako na usoro nchebe nke ụmụ nnụnụ, na-eji na ugbo. Environmental okwu ndị ugbu a karịsịa nnukwu ná ndụ anyị. Ma, nsogbu ka e kee maka a ogologo oge. Ya mere, ọtụtụ mba kpebiri nnọkọ na ike mba nkwekọrịta na nchebe nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Nye ihe atụ nke ụfọdụ n'ime ha ka anyị na-na a n'isiokwu a.

Ramsar Convention

Nzube nke a na nkwekọrịta bụ iwu nchebe nke gburugburu ebe obibi, nakwa dị ka ichebe anyị planet Wetland o tinyere n'oru ego. Ke kpuchie nke mba gburugburu ebe obibi nkwekọrịta nakweere na 1971. Nke a mere na Iranian obodo nke Ramsar. The Convention akọwa ihe dị ka ọ bụla na mba na-ewere akụkụ dị na ya, na International Committee nwere ike inyere iji chebe bi Wetland o tinyere n'oru ebe:

• Establishment nke mba na-echebe Wetland o tinyere n'oru na onye ọ bụla na mba.
• The ude nke ha omenala na omenala pụtara.
• Promotion nke mgbe nile na-eme ịnọgide na-enwe mmiri quality, azu, oru ubi na-atụrụ ndụ.
• Eme ọha òkè na nchekwa umu.
• Iwusi ihe ọmụma na rụọ mmụta na ubi nke Wetland o tinyere n'oru ego.

Òtù nke Convention wee na-izute mgbe nile na mba dị iche iche maka idegharị na mmụba nke akụ nchedo jikoro. Na 1987, ndị Canadian obodo nke Regina (Saskatchewan) e emeziri.

Legal ụkpụrụ nke umu

Nkwekọrịta na mmezi nke ndu di iche iche e kuchiri na Rio de Janeiro, June 5, 1992 Nke a Multilateral nkwekorita eburu a ole na ole isi mgbaru ọsọ ndị na-aga na ndị ọzọ na mba gburugburu ebe obibi nkwekọrịta. Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị a na nzube:

• nche-kwa nke ndu di iche iche;
• mmeghari ojiji nke ya mmiri;
• ngosi na equitable nkekọrịta nke uru ịda site itinye n'ọrụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ego.

Na ọzọ okwu, ihe na nkwekọrịta bụ ịzụlite mba azum maka ichebe na kwesịrị ekwesị ojiji nke ndu di iche iche. Mgbakọ a na-gụnyere mba na mba gburugburu ebe obibi nkwekọrịta, nke bụ na isiokwu. 2010 e kwuru na International Year of Biodiversity.

Helsinki Convention

The Helsinki Convention e kuchiri maka nchedo nke mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi na Baltic Oké Osimiri. Mba nile mbụ nkwekọrịta na nchedo nke gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime ya kpuchie e banyere ke 1974 site na mba ndị dị ka Denmark, Finland, West na East Germany, Poland, Sweden na USSR, na ghọrọ irè May 3, 1980 The abụọ mbono e banyere 1992 Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, European Union, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia na Sweden. Obodo, ịmụta mba nkwekọrịta na nchedo nke gburugburu ebe obibi, mere onwe-ha iji hazie niile dị mkpa jikoro iji gbochie ma belata mmetọ iji nyere na mweghachi nke ebe obibi itule nke Baltic Oké Osimiri. Ọzọkwa, a set nke jikoro iji gbochie ma ọ bụ ịkwụsịlata kpatara na gburugburu ebe obibi nke na mberede.

organic pollutants

The Convention e banyere site na ha na 2001 na Stockholm, ba ike na May 2004. Nzube ya bụ iwepụ ma ọ bụ belata mmepụta nke a pollutants. Isi ihe ndị Environmental Protection Agency nkwekọrịta na-agụnye chọrọ maka mba ndị mepere emepe na-enye ndị ọzọ ego na nke jikoro iwepụ mmepụta na ojiji nke ụma na-emepụta Pop, na iwepu n'amaghị ama na-emepụta Pop, ebe apụtakarị, na kwesịrị ekwesị mkpofu ahihia.

UN Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

The nkwekọrịta, nke e banyere ihe karịrị 180 mba, e mere na "Earth Summit" ke 1992 na Rio de Janeiro ma banye ike na 21 March 1994. The Framework Convention - bụ mba gburugburu ebe obibi nkwekorita (ugbu a na ọ bụ nanị nkwekọrịta mba iwu ihu igwe na sara mbara legitimacy), nke a na-atụle n'isiokwu na-United Nations Conference ebe obibi na mmepe Organization (UNCED). Nzube ya bụ ime ka a kwụsiri ike larịị nke greenhouse aputa, oga na ga-egbochi ize ndụ anthropogenic nnyonye anya na ihu igwe na usoro. The Treaty n'onwe ya adịghị ka amanyere bụ iwu ókè na griin haus gas umu anwuru maka onye mba na ẹdude mba mmanye usoro. Na iwu mee ihe, nke mgbakọ a na-emeghị ihe amanyere bụ iwu. Kama nke ahụ, na nkwekọrịta na-enye kpuchie n'ihi na e kere eke nke a pụrụ iche akwụkwọ e dere kpọmkwem mba nkwekọrịta na nchedo nke gburugburu ebe obibi (na-akpọ ogbugba ndu), na nke ị nwere ike ịtọ amanyere bụ iwu ókè na griin haus gas umu anwuru.

The Kyoto Protocol na UNFCCC

Mgbe ịbanye UNFCCC-so mba gbakọtara maka a ogbako iji kwurịta otú iji nweta ebumnobi nke nkwekọrịta. Ọzọkwa mkparịta ụka mere ka e nke Kyoto Protocol. Ọ na-gụnyere mba na mba nkwekọrịta na nchedo nke gburugburu ebe obibi na-esetịpụrụ emission Mbelata zaa nke mba ndị mepere emepe, nke na-adịgide adịgide n'okpuru iwu mba.

The Biological Ngwá Agha Convention (BWC)

Ọ bụ nke mbụ Multilateral nnapu mgwoagha nkwekọrịta iji tie iwu megide mmepụta nke ihe dum udi nke ngwá agha. The Convention bụ n'ihi nke a ogologo ọrụ nke mba uwa ike ọhụrụ akwụkwọ, bụ nke a pụrụ gbakwunyere site na 1925 Geneva Protocol (nke, n'aka, machibidoro naanị n'iji ma ọ bụghị ihe onwunwe nke chemical na ndu ngwá agha na ha proliferation). BWC oru ngo n'ihu site na British, e banyere on 10 April 1972 ma banye ike na March 26, 1975 Ọ na-achọ 172 nke State party dị ka nke December 2014 ka gbochie mmepe, mmepụta na ịkwakọba ndu na nsí ngwá agha. O sina dị, na-anọghị nke ọ bụla iwu nkwenye ọchịchị egbochi ịdị irè nke Convention. Nkenke banyere ọdịnaya nke ndu a, anyị nwere ike ikwu na-esonụ:

1. Mgbe, n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, iji nweta ma ọ bụ na-ejigide ndu ngwá agha.
2. Ibibi ma ọ bụ ibugharịa na udo na nzube ndu na ngwá agha na metụtara ego na ha.
3. Nyefee na onye ọ bụla ndu na ngwá agha, na-na-enyere aka na ya nnweta na ichebe.
4. Iji ọ bụla mba jikoro mkpa iji mejuputa ndokwa nke BWC domestically.
5. Ịkpọ bilaterally na multilaterally na metụtara mmejuputa BWC.
6. Mepụta na-arịọ na na UN Security Council ichoputa boro imebi nke Convention ma na-akwanyere ya ụdi mkpebi.
7. Inyere States, nọ n'ihe ize ndụ dị ka a n'ihi nke mebiri nke Biological Ngwá Agha Convention.
8. -Eme mgbalị nile iji kwalite udo ojiji nke ndu sayensị na nkà na ụzụ.

The Treaty na nchedo nke migratory nnụnụ na 1918

Nke a akwụkwọ a na-gụnyere mba na mba gburugburu ebe obibi nkwekọrịta. Dị ka akwụkwọ ụkpụrụ ịrụ ọrụ, ọ kwuru illegal mmaja, ịchụ nta, ịkụ azụ, akụta, na-egbu ma ọ bụ ọrịre nke nnụnụ n'ime ya (migratory nnụnụ). The Charter anaghị ezipụta na ọdịiche dị ndụ na ndị nwụrụ anwụ nnụnụ, ma n'ebe ndị feathers, àkwá na akwụ. Na a ndepụta karịrị 800 dere umu.

Kwuziri (saịtị)

Kwuziri - a mgbakọ ahụ, bịanyere aka na 1973 na Washington ma banye ike na 1 July 1975 na ire nke ọhịa na osisi fauna, nke dị ugbu a n'okpuru iyi egwu nke ikpochapu. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu na ndị kasị ochie nke ẹdude nkwekọrịta n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. Nke a mgbakọ mba achịkwakwa na Monitors ahia na ụfọdụ ụdị anụmanụ na osisi. pụrụ iche ikikere usoro e mepụtara, nke akara niile bubata, ebupụ na re-ebupụ. Onye ọ bụla Party na Convention bụ ike a otu ahu (ma ọ bụ karịa) akara, nke ga-ahụ maka oru nke ikikere usoro, nakwa dị ka ọ dịkarịa ala otu ọkà mmụta sayensị ahu maka oge na mmetụta nke ahia na kpọmkwem ụdị anụmanụ ma ọ bụ osisi ndụ. N'okpuru nchebe nke Sites- bụ banyere 5,000 ụdị anụmanụ na 29.000 ụdị osisi. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ike ike dị na Mgbakwunye na Convention, nakwa dị ka ogo iyi egwu na ókè maka trading.

International nkwekọrịta na nchedo nke gburugburu ebe obibi na Russia

Na mba anyị, anyị na-na-na-na-na ọ dị mkpa jikoro iji chebe ndị na ebe obibi nguzozi. Russia, dị ka mba ndị ọzọ, ifịk ifịk na-akwado site na mba gburugburu ebe obibi nkwekọrịta. Nye ihe atụ ndị na-esonụ: 1979 - Convention on Air Mmetọ (cross-ókè-ala), 1992 - Convention, nke na-echebe site na mmetọ nke Black Sea, ebe ọ bụ na 2011 - banyere Organic mmetọ, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.