Ike metabolism

Metabolism - bụ ihe dị oké mkpa akụrụngwa nke ahụ dị mkpa ọrụ. Ọ na-agụnye ọtụtụ Filiks. Energy metabolism agụnye cleavage nke organic bekee na chemical ogige tọhapụ ike na njikọ. Ọ na-ahụ kwuru na ya n'ihu oke ka nwere obere n'ụdị okpomọkụ. Ọzọ òkè Ẹnịm na ATP ụmụ irighiri.

Nkebi nke ike metabolism na anụmanụ

The akpa ogbo - preparatory. Energy metabolism amalite na nri penetration n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ na ụdị mgbagwoju macromolecular ọcha. Tupu banye n'ime, bụ mbibi nke ndị a ala molekụla ibu ogige ka anụ ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ.

Hydrolytic cleavage nke organic bekee a rụrụ na òkè nke mmiri. Usoro a na-ewe ebe na digestive tract (multicellular), na cellular larịị (na lysosomes) na digestive vacuoles (unicellular) n'okpuru nduzi nke ụfọdụ enzymes.

Ndi na-edozi na ụmụ mmadụ na anụmanụ na-agbajikwa ala na afo na duodenum na amino asịd. Usoro a na-ewe ebe n'okpuru nduzi nke peptidgidrolaz (chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin). Ọbụna na onu oghere amalite usoro nke ekewa polysaccharides. Nke a enzyme metụtara ptyalin. Ọzọkwa cleavage nke polysaccharides emee n'okpuru nduzi nke amylase na duodenum. A-abịa mmebi nke abụba. Usoro a na-emetụta ndị lipase. Ike nke na a tọhapụrụ mgbe ekesa n'ụdị okpomọkụ.

Energy metabolism agụnye nnyefe nke ekwukwa n'akwụkwọ mmiri na ọbara ha, na njem nke mkpụrụ ndụ nile na akụkụ. Na mkpụrụ ndụ ha na-abanye kpọmkwem n'ime cytoplasm ma ọ bụ a lysosome. Ọ bụrụ na bekee na-agbajikwa ala na lysosomes na cellular larịị, ozugbo ahụ ha inyefe cytoplasm. Nke a nzọụkwụ na-agụnye njikere nke ogige na intracellular nkịtị.

Na nke abụọ ogbo ike metabolism na-anọchi anya anoxic ọxịdashọn. Filiks otú ime enweghị òkè nke oxygen, na a cellular larịị. Ọxịdashọn-ewe ebe cell cytoplasm. Otu n'ime isi ihe iji hụ na ike mgbanwe, bụ glucose. Ọzọ organic compound (amino acid, glycerol, ọdụdụ asịd) na-gụnyere na usoro nke na mgbanwe dị iche iche nkebi.

The gbawara glucose na-enweghị oxygen na-akpọ glycolysis. Nke a compound dabara ọtụtụ ndị nọchiri mgbanwe. Mbụ bụ na ya akakabarede n'ime fructose. Glucose fosfoliruetsya - rụọ ọrụ site na abụọ ụmụ irighiri nke ATP, mbịne n'ime fructose-diphosphate. A na ubi ere carbon hexahydric molekul abụọ atọ-carbon ụmụ irighiri glycerophosphate. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ọtụtụ Jeremaya mere nke ọxịdashọn emee. N'ihi ya ụmụ irighiri ida abụọ hydrogen atọm, mbịne emecha n'ime a molekul nke pyruvic acid. The N'ihi nke a Jeremaya mere na-synthesized anọ ụmụ irighiri nke ATP. Dị ka ndị mbụ ebighị nke abụọ glucose ụmụ irighiri nke ATP e ji, n'ozuzu 2ATF emecha kpụrụ. Tọhapụrụ, si otú na disintegration glucose ike bụ ikpe echekwabara na obere tọhapụrụ n'ụdị okpomọkụ.

Na-atọ ogbo, ndị respiration (ndu ọxịdashọn). Nke a nzọụkwụ bụ nanị kwe omume n'okpuru nduzi nke oxygen. Na nke a, ọ na-akpọ oxygen. Usoro a na-ewe ebe na mitochondria.

Ke ofụri ofụri okwu (isi) mgbanwe ume-akwụ ụgwọ (na nkezi) maka na onye toro eto bụ banyere 24 kcal / kg / ụbọchị. Na ịgbakọ nkezi onye na a kwa ụbọchị oriri nke 1500 kcal n'ihi na ndị inyom na banyere 1700 kcal maka ndị ikom. Na ọrịa na a dị iche iche profaịlụ daa ọrịa ike ina kwa ụbọchị nwere ike ebili abụọ ugboro atọ.