Isi ịnweta akụ nke ụwa

Ịnweta ego na-akpọ nile dịgasị iche iche nke minerals na-eji ụmụ mmadụ ha mkpa ha. Hydrocarbons, chemical ngwaọrụ, ọla, nkume di oké ọnu, ewu ihe - na ndị mmadụ na-amịpụtara si ngiri-afọ nke mbara ala. Ịnweta ego na ụwa na-eme atụmatụ puku ijeri tọn, ma ha na-adịghị na-akparaghị ókè. Ha ò were - isi ihe na-eme n'ọdịnihu ọganihu anyị mepere anya.

nhazi ọkwa

Ịnweta ngwaọrụ-ekewa n'ime ise ọmụmụ:

• Ọla si ígwè na ferroalloys.
• Nonferrous ọla.
• Oké ọnụ ahịa ọla.
• Industrial mineral.
• Ịnweta mmanụ ụgbọala.

Ma ịnweta akụ nke ụwa na-ekewa n'ime dabere mmeghari na -abụghị mmeghari. The mbụ gụnyere ndị ọcha nke ndu si: .. Oil, coal, methane, wdg N'ihi na ha guzobere na-achọ kpọmkwem gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ na maka ọtụtụ nde afọ. Na mmepụta nke ọla na mineral (na ha na iso ìgwè nke abụọ) irreversibly ha olu mbelata.

Geography Ịnweta Resources nke Ụwa

Ịnweta Raw Materials site na mpaghara a na-ekesa dị nnọọ n'ụzọ na-ekwekọghị na bụ n'ihi na geological Ọdịdị nke ahụ ebe. Hydrocarbons agbasaghị inwe sedimentary cover nke oge ochie na-enye. Oke olu-ewe coal (60%) Otú ọ dị, ojiji taa a na-ejedebeghị na nkà na ụzụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ihe. Nnukwu mee nke ngwaọrụ na-enyoba na niile na-enye, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ndị coal na-amị efere na-mepụtara. Large ego na-arụ ọrụ na United States, Russia, China, Australia, India, Germany, Ukraine na Kazakhstan.

Mmanụ na gas ịnweta akụ nke ụwa ka elu naanị 27% nke ngụkọta, ma na ha nyere ha aka, na-emepụta 57% niile ike. Ike mmanụ na gas ubi e guzobere Venezuela, Russia (na Volga mpaghara, Western Siberia), United States (Texas na Mississippi efere), Nigeria, Canada, na Gulf, North Africa, ndị Caspian Sea efere.

Metal ores na-lekwasị ke oge ochie emmepe nke mgbawa ugwu ahụ na ebe nke nọ n'ọrụ orogeny. Otú ọ dị, ọnụnọ nke ugwu apụtaghị ọnụnọ nke ọgaranya ego na ya. Ka ihe atụ, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke Europe na-kpuchie ugwu nile, Otú ọ dị, ịrịba ego nke metal ores nwere ọtụtụ, ọtụtụ ugbua mepụtara na-enweghị akụ na ụba pụtara. N'ụzọ dị iche, Kursk magnetik anomaly emi odude ke esịt nke East European Plain, Otú ọ dị, ígwè mee na-ịrịba ama. Ore formations ahapụ ọtụtụ kilomita miri emi.

ígwè

Ịnweta akụ nke ụwa na-manifold, ma ihe kasị mkpa n'etiti ha bụ ígwè. Ọ bụ nke isii kasị mmewere na eluigwe na ala na ihe ndị kasị refractory mmewere. Ọ na-eme atụmatụ na Earth nwere ígwè na ego nke 5% nke ya ibu ibu. Iron ore bụ ihe ndabere maka mmepụta nke ígwè na ígwè, dị iche iche ihe na-eji na ụgbọala, na-akọ ugbo igwe, Telecommunication ngwá, mgwo agha, àkwà mmiri, mmiri tunnels na dị ka. D.

Ọ bụ ezie na ígwè bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ọcha n'ụwa, eri-irè mmepe nke ego na-ekesa n'ụzọ na-ekwekọghị. Ọ nwere ọgaranya mee nke United States, Brazil, India, China na Canada. Ụfọdụ nnukwu ego dị na Kazakhstan, Sweden, Ukraine, France, Venezuela, Peru, Chile, Australia, Liberia, South Africa, Malaysia, North Africa. Na Russia nwere ezu mee nke a bara uru ore maka ya aku na uba na n'ihi na mbupụ. Large ego na-lekwasị ke Magnitogorsk na ndị ọzọ na mpaghara nke Urals, na Kola Peninsula na ha gbara agbata obi Republic of Karelia, na KMA ebe ke Siberia.

Non-ferrous ọla

Ịnweta akụ nke ụwa na-amụ nke ọma. Satellite imagery na oge a na-egwu usoro ekwe ka a mata na isi ebe nke ịta nke na-abụghị ferrous metal ores.

Ihe dị mkpa bụ ọla kọpa. Nke a ductile metal na nnọọ elu thermal na ọkụ conductivity. Pure ọla kọpa bụ nro na pliable, ọhụrụ etinyere n'elu nwere a ọbara ọbara-epe agba. Ọ na-eji dị ka a na-eduzi ya okpomọkụ na ọkụ eletrik, na ewu ihe owuwu na akụrụngwa akụkụ dị iche iche metal alloys. Ọla kọpa na-eji 10 000 afọ na nke mbụ metal nchoputa nke mmadụ.

Ọ na-adịghị na-ata ahụhụ si na oké corrosion, plastic na unu kpamkpam weere na ndị ọzọ ọla. Nke a bụ ezi nduzi nke ọkụ eletrik na okpomọkụ. Isi na-eji ọkụ nke ọla kọpa bụ eletriki, agbachitere, ike, akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ. 90% nke mee nke a metal bụ itinye na ise nke ụwa:

• South Africa.
• Chile.
• The n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke United States.
• Kazakhstan.
• Canada (Sudbury ebe).

Noble (dị oké ọnụ ahịa) ọla

Ịnweta akụ nke ụwa nwere a dị iche iche bara uru. The kasị oké ọnụ nke ọla (ewepu obere ụwa) na-na-akpọ magburu platinum, gold, silver. Gold - a oké, nro na-achọkarị ịna metal na a na-egbuke egbuke-acha odo odo na agba na luster. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị nta reactive chemical ọcha na ihe siri ike ọkọlọtọ ọnọdụ. Ya mere, metal na-hụrụ na a free elemental (eke), n'ụdị ọkpụrụkpụ ma ọ bụ Granik na nkume, veins na alluvial ego na ya. Naa nkịtị na mineral. Na mbụ, isi olu ndị ọkpụrụkpụ na-achọ ndị miners. Ugbu a, ọtụtụ ndị gold-emepụta pụrụ iche ụlọ mmepụta ihe, nke esichara nkume na a elu ọdịnaya nke bara uru ngwaọrụ.

China, Australia, USA, South Africa bụ kasị gold-emeputa na ụwa. A m nke Witwatersrand - eduga gold Ngwuputa center nke ụwa. E nwekwara a isi mmepụta ebe na-agụnye: Rand Fields Kimberley Livingstone, Cape nke Good Hope, Natal, na ndị ọzọ. Canada bụkwa a ịrịba gold-emeputa ihe. The Russian guzoro na Ural ugwu, Baikal na Trans-Baikal, na Lena efere. Inventories Kolyma region budata depleted. A ọtụtụ gold mined na United States (Alaska, California, Rocky Ugwu mpaghara), Australia (Kalgoorlie, Yampi, Ugwu Morgan), India (Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh).

Ịnweta akụ nke ụwa: tebụl

Bara uru ịnweta ego bụ banyere 200 ụdị ọla, hydrocarbons, minerals, engineering na ụlọ ihe. Tụlee isi ụdị nke ngwaọrụ na mba ndú ha mmepụta:

Mining arụmọrụ ga-eme "na-anya na-eme n'ọdịnihu." Ọtụtụ mba azụlitewo ubi ha, ndị ihe na-akpọ akụ agụụ. Iji kwado aku na uba, ha na-amanye mbupụ ngwaọrụ. Ò ojiji nke eke ego - isi ihe na-ogologo oge ọganihu.