John Hughes - nchoputa nke Donetsk. biography

Otu n'ime ndị kasị a ma ama industrialists nke oge ya bụ John Hughes - nchoputa nke Donetsk. N'ihi ya, e nwere nke a otu n'ime ndị kasị ulo oru obodo nke Ukraine. Olee ihe ọzọ bụ ọwọrọiso biography Dzhona Yuza? Ka anyị chọpụta na ihe nkowa ihe ọ bu, na ihe o mere.

tọrọ afọ

Nke mbụ, ka anyị chọpụta ihe afọ John Hughes mụrụ, ebe onye na-na ezinụlọ. Future industrialist A mụrụ 1814 n'obodo Merthyr Tydfil na Wales. Ọ si a Welsh engineer Hughes ezinụlọ (na oge a na mkpoputa - Hughes), onye efehe a local Metallurgical osisi.

Ya-eto eto Dzhon Dzheyms Hughes arụ ọrụ nna ya ụlọ ọrụ, ma na afọ 28 bụ ike imubanye ụfọdụ isi obodo na ka enwetara ya na-ano.

Eme na UK

Na 1850 John Hughes enweta ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ - foundry na Newport. Otú ọ dị, nke a akwụsịghị ya n'otu oge rụọ ọrụ dị ka engineer na Milvolskom ụgbọ okporo ígwè Rolling osisi, ebe ọ kwagara ke mbubreyo 50-ies nke XIX narị afọ. Ugbua na 1860, John Hughes ghọrọ onye nduzi nke a ụlọ ọrụ.

Otu nke ya rụzuru n'oge ahụ ike a na egbe ji ebu maka arọ egbe, nke o mere na 1864. A na usoro ka dọtara mmasị ọtụtụ ndị na mba Europe, ebe iwu dara. Ke adianade do, John Hughes e-emepe emepe agha maka ugbo ala.

Aha Dzhona Yuza kemgbe otu n'ime ndị kasị ama na British ígwè ụlọ ọrụ na shipbuilding.

Awade si Russia

Development Dzhona Yuza mmasị Admiralty nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, nke zubere iji ihe agha na-ewusi "Constantine" na Kronstadt nkera.

N'oge mkparita uka maka ọkọnọ nke agha Hughes malitere a nso maara Russian ọchịchị, n'etiti ha bụ ndị Colonel Ottomar Gern na General Eduard Totleben. Ha chọrọ iji mejuputa ngo nke British Industry n'ebe ndịda nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu maka owuwu nke mmepụta nke ígwè rails nke osisi, n'ihi na nke mbụ malitere Prince Kochubey. Hughes kwetara.

Ihe mere maka ịnakwere na-enye

Isi ihe mere na kpaliri Dzhona Yuza ilekwasị isi ọrụ na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, bụ ulo oru nsogbu na UK mgbe ọdachi ọdịda nke London Stock Exchange na 1866. Nke a anana-a ịrịba ama mmụba na-enweghị ọrụ na mba na outflow nke investments. N'oge a ọ na-ama esịn budata olu nke iwu si ahịa.

Russia mgbe ahụ a na steeti onye na aku na uba na-emepe emepe site mmali na bụkwa mkpụrụ ná mgbalị iji belata oghere na West. Ya mere, ọ bụ a mara nnọọ mma ubi mba ọzọ industrialists. O bu n'uche na-adọta oru na Russia, ndị ọrụ nke United Kingdom, n'ihi na nke ina adawo sharply na mba.

Ke adianade do, Russian isi mere Hughes a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pụtara ọrụ na-enye na-enye, nke a na ọnọdụ iyi ọbụna ndị ọzọ mara mma.

Malite nke-eme na Russia

Ya mere, John Hughes ịmụta na Russian oru ngo, nke kwere nkwa nnukwu uru.

Na 1868, ọ gara Russia, na-ahapụ nwunye ya n'ala nna ha, dị ka ọ flatly jụrụ ime.

Ihe mbụ Hughes enwetara ikike m coal na ala na nke na Prince Paul Lieven. N'otu afọ, a British industrialist, zụtara kwetara ka na-arụ ọrụ na Metallurgical ụlọ ọrụ na Ekaterinburg n'ógbè Prince Sergeya Kochubeya, nyeere onwe ya Grand Duke Constantine, bụ onye nwanne nke Emperor Alexander. Eze ndibiat e debara aha na April nke otu afọ.

N'ihi ya, John Hughes kwadebere n'ala maka mmepe nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ígwè mmepụta na coal na Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ.

Novorossiysk otu

Ma ka na-amalite mmepụta, chọrọ bukwanu ego ego. John Hughes kpebiri iji na-adọta ha site na-eke a na nkwonkwo na ngwaahịa ụlọ ọrụ. Na ya, na ọ chọrọ ka iziga British isi obodo maka mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ na n'ebe ndịda nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. The nzukọ aha ya bụ "Novorossiysk Society", ma pụrụ iche na-adọta ulo oru mbo ke Metallurgical, coal na okporo ígwè mmepụta. Register Society ẹkenịmde ke 1869 ke London.

Isi onyenwereoke nke ụlọ ọrụ ghọrọ onye òtù nke British nzuko omeiwu Deniel Guch, na ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị keere òkè ruru iri na itoolu. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị Russia, akpan akpan, n'elu-e kwuru Sergey Kochubey na Pavel Liven.

Donetsk isi

Ugbu a, ka anyị chọpụta ihe afọ John Hughes tọrọ ntọala Donetsk. Kpọmkwem mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị nke ihe omume a na-adịghị adị, ma na-ewere dị ka okobot afọ nke 1869 nke, mgbe "Novorossiysk Society" banyere Oleksandrivka obodo wee malite iwu a Metallurgical osisi. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere a na-arụ ọrụ mmezi, nke bụ na nsọpụrụ Dzhona Yuza akpọ Yuzivka ma ọ bụ Yuzovo. Site na nke a mmezi, na ka toro oge a obodo nke Donetsk.

Ná mmalite Yuzivka tenements nwere ọnọdụ nke a mfe ọchịchị ọchịchị, na geographically bụ asị Bahmutskiy Ekaterinoslav n'ógbè. On 1870 ọ gukọta 164 bi na ya.

Mgbe ahụ, na 1869, e nwere n'obodo ọzọ - Smolyanka. Near ya wuru a forge na abụọ mines ekesịpde Hughes.

mmepe nke mmepụta

Ọ bụ ezie na ibido osisi zubere na-amalite na 1870, dechara ewu nke mbụ gbawara ọkụ na April 1871. Site 1872 ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ kpamkpam okokụre. Ọ gụrụ asatọ Coke Ighe Ihe. Ná mmalite nke 1872 malitere na mmepụta nke nkedo ígwè.

Ndị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-abụghị nanị na-achị nke Russian Emperor, ma a onye recruited na UK, nke n'ihi na nke nsogbu e nwere ọtụtụ na-abaghị uru aka. Karịsịa nnukwu mwubata nke oru n'aka nwa afọ Wales maka Hughes. Kasị British ọrụ biri Yuzovka nkeji iri na ise, nke a na-akpọ English ógbè.

Ọ bụrụ na mbụ o mepụtara mmepụta bụ nnọọ ihe siri ike, ihe karịrị oge na o ruru ịrịba n'ike-n'ike. Hughes factory aghọwo otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu ígwè na ụlọ ọrụ dị Russian Alaeze Ukwu.

Na 1880, ọ nyere a factory n'ihi na mmepụta nke refractory brik na oru. Nine afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na-malitere ịrụ ọrụ ígwè foundry na igwe-ulo enterprise. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ na ọrụ aka bụghị nke Hughes na ndị ọzọ na-emepụta - Gennefelda na Bosse. O sina dị, ọ bụ Jọn Hughes na-nwoke, ekele nke na mpaghara site mmali na bụkwa mkpụrụ malitere imepe ụlọ ọrụ.

Iji hụ na e iga na-emepe emepe na mpaghara 1872 Konstantinovskaya ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ malitere.

Hughes ụlọ

Ná mmalite, John Hughes bi ala na ụlọ zụtara si nweekwa ala Smolyaninovo, bụ ebe e nwere obodo Smolyanka. The ụlọ ebe o biri ndụ, bụ a Ọdịdị yiri Ukrainian obi. Mgbidi ya e mere nke adobe, na n'elu ụlọ e mere nke ahịhịa. Otú ọ dị, ruo ugbu a nke a Ọdịdị bụghị e chebere.

A ịrịba akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụkpụrụ ụlọ uru bụ ụlọ ọzọ Dzhona Yuza. Ọ e wuru na Yuzovka kpọmkwem maka Welsh industrialist. Malite nke ewu e dere na nkera nke abụọ nke 1873. Ugbua na n'etiti n'afọ ọzọ ulo e wuru. Ọ bụ a onye-akụkọ brick ụlọ, red na gụnyere asatọ ụlọ. The ụlọ kpuchie ya ígwè dị mbadamba. Ke adianade do, na ụlọ na-adjoined na ọtụtụ ụlọ nke akụ na ụba ụdị, malite na n'okpuru ala na gụchara ulo nkita. N'ogige bụ na ala na ụlọ. Ọzọkwa nọ n'ime ụlọ ahụ àgwà n'oge a, dị ka mmiri pọmpụ na ọkụ eletrik.

Hughes House bụ a ọkara kilometa anya si ya factory.

Dzhona Yuza nwunye si England kwaga Yuzovka ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị ya na di ya, na-ama mgbe mansion e wuru. Ọ amasịghị ya anya, akpan akpan, eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụlọ bụ a onye-akụkọ. Ya mere, e kpebiri ka e wughachi ya na abụọ ala.

Ma ọ dịghị oru ngo nke Russian architects okpu igbo uto nke Hughes ezinụlọ, otú a ọkachamara n'ọrụ na UK. Banyere otú a eme obibia nke imewe, pụtara ìhè site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ na-agbasa n'elu ọtụtụ afọ. Na na 1880, na-arụ ọrụ na oru ngo ama etre ruru ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ike ka ike, ya bụ ọnwụ nke nwa na nwunye Dzhona Yuza. Ha maliteghachiri ọrụ naanị afọ atọ mgbe ha nkwusioru. N'ihi ya, ngo bụ a plan nke ụlọ ke Renaissance style.

Ozugbo ahụ, na-ewu malitere na 1887 na biri afọ anọ gasịrị, ya bụ, mgbe ọnwụ Dzhona Yuza. Ma ya ma nwunye ya adịghị ndụ ruo oge mgbe ụlọ e mesịrị wuru. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọzọ so n'ezinụlọ ahụ kwagara n'ime mansion n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1891. Ha bi n'ụlọ ruo mgbe 1903, mgbe ahụ, ekpe n'ebe a mma.

Ugbu a ụlọ na bụ otu ugboro n'ụlọ Hughes, bụ otu n'ime ebe nkiri nke decorating obodo Donetsk, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ na a dilapidated ọnọdụ. Ọ bụ nsogbu na ul. Clinical, 15. The oge a ọdịdị nke ụlọ nwere ike hụrụ na foto n'elu.

ọnwụ

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, John Hughes (1814-1889) nwụrụ n'ihu ẹkụre ha obibi ọhụrụ. Nke a mere na June 1889, mgbe Hughes bụ isi obodo nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, St. Petersburg. Ọnwụ ga-egburu ya na semidesyatipyatiletnem afọ nke hotel "Angleterre".

John Hughes ẹbụk n'ụlọ ya mba, na UK, na London West Norwood Ili Ozu.

ezinụlọ

Ka anyị ugbu a nkenke anya na ndị ọzọ so Hughes ezinụlọ.

John Hughes lụrụ Elizabeth Lewis. Ọ ogologo agaghị anwa anwa kwapụ ala nna ya Britain n'ebe ndịda nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Ma n'ikpeazụ, ọ soro di ya na ụmụ. Ọ nwụrụ afọ itoolu tupu ọnwụ Dzhona Yuza na November 1880.

Na Hughes ezinụlọ ụmụ asaa: ise umu-ndinyom abua. The ada, Sarah Anne Hughes, na alụmdi na nwunye lemọn A mụrụ 1846 na nwụrụ na 1929 na London. Nwa nwanyị ọzọ - Margaret - nwụrụ eto eto na Yuzovka. Na 1948 ya n'ili e meghere na ransacked.

Nwa mbụ nke ezinụlọ aha-ya bu Dzhon Dzheyms Hughes. A mụrụ ya na 1848 na nwụrụ na 1917. Ọ bụ Dzhon Dzheyms, mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị na 1889 ghọrọ onyeisi nke Hughes ezinụlọ.

Nwa nwoke nke abụọ, Arthur Hughes, a mụrụ na 1852 na nwụrụ, dị ka nwanne ya nwoke, na 1917. Ọ lụrụ Ogaste Dzheyms, di na nwunye na ụmụ anọ ndị a mụrụ.

Ayvor Edvard, a mụrụ na 1855, bụ nke atọ nwa Dzhona Yuza. Ọ nwụrụ na 1917 London.

Nwa ọzọ na ụlọ bụ Albert Hughes Evellin (b. 1857), bụ onye nwụrụ na 1907 London. Nwa-ya nwayi bu Oku Hughes, onye lụrụ di kemgbe nke mbụ Russian amaala Sergeem Bursakom, mgbe ahụ, England Ambemarlem Blackwood. Si ma di na nwunye o nwere ụmụ.

Obere ụmụaka nọ n'ime ụlọ ahụ David Hughes na oven Tudor.

Ke adianade do, Dzhona Yuza bụ iwu na-akwadoghị nwa Ivan, a mụrụ na 1870 na nwụrụ na 1910. O nwere ụmụ itoolu.

Ahuhu maka Dzhona Yuza

Isi mmasị Dzhona Yuza, na mgbakwunye na nke engineering azụmahịa na klas, e obon. A bukwanu akụkụ nke ya uba, ọ nọrọ ya na-azụ a dịgasị iche iche nke kpọrọ ihe. Ọ bụ na mgbe niile na nkwurịta okwu na ya ochie ụlọ ahịa.

Site na njedebe nke ndụ ya, John Hughes chikọta nnọọ otu nnukwu collection of ochie.

The Hapụrụ Dzhona Yuza

O siri ike overestimate ketara hapụrụ site John Hughes. Ọ na mbụ na-etinye na ulo oru track na Donetsk mpaghara, ndị ọla ụlọ ọrụ, mere ka a dị ịrịba ama onyinye mmepe nke coal Ngwuputa na injinịa. Ma, nke ka nke, ọ mara maka anyị dịkọrọ ndụ, dị ka onye nchoputa nke obodo nke Donetsk.

N'otu oge, ọ dị mkpa ka eziokwu na ndị ntorobịa nke Dzhona Yuza, ndụ ya, na-akpali mgbe na-eme mkpebi ndị dị mkpa, anyị maara kwa nta.

Memory of John Uzes

N'oge ndụ nke British industrialist aha ya bụ Hughes arụ ọrụ obodo aha ya bụ, nke na-eme n'ọdịnihu ghọrọ center nke Donetsk mpaghara. Site 1884 ndị bi na nke obodo a nwere fọrọ nke nta 5.5 na puku ndị mmadụ site na 1897 -... 29 puku ndị mmadụ, na site 1918 bụ ugbua n'ụlọ 67 000 ndị Yuzovka.

Ma mgbe October mgbanwe ọchịchị okirikiri anwa niile pụtara zobe ọrụ nke Hughes na mmepe nke obodo, ebe ọ bụ na, na ha chere, ndị mba ọzọ capitalists erughị eru ndị mmadụ na ebe nchekwa. Na 1924 e kpebiri ịnyegharị obodo Yuzivka Stalino. Na 1961, obodo enwetara ya ugbu a na aha - Donetsk.

Mgbe ọdịda nke ọchịchị Kọmunist ekwe omume reinterpretation nke gara aga. British industrialist mesịrị nwee ike na-ebe na mba akụkọ ihe mere eme, nke na o tosiri. Na September 2001, na Voroshilov district nke Donetsk John Hughes ncheta e meghere. Na-ede nke òkìkè a - Ukrainian ọkpụ Alexander mee elu mee.