Kedu ihe bụ mitosis, akụkụ ya, ụdị na ihe ọ pụtara

N'oge omumu ọrụ nke ndu eme ntule e cell nkewa. Mitosis - bụ ihe kasị nkịtị usoro nke mmeputakwa nke eukaryotic mkpụrụ ndụ site na ha anọ nkewa. Ya ndu ọrụ bụ ọbụna nkesa chromosomes n'etiti soje nwa nuclei na ana achi achi guzobe otu ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ na-ana achi achi na nchekwa nke akara nke si n'aka ruo n'aka na ọtụtụ mmadụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ.

Kedu ihe bụ mitosis? Ọ bụ a isi usoro onye mmepe nke organism na ya nọchiri mgbanwe banyere morphological, n'ahụ na Biochemical, nke, na nchịkọta, bụ ontogenesis. N'ihi miotic nkewa enwekwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bi na nke vegetative mkpụrụ ndụ nke si malite. Nkewa nke egg fertilized na ọganihu nke isi uka nke anụ ahụ nke anụmanụ sitere na otu ụkpụrụ.

Nkebi nke nkewa ugha

Oge nke mitosis na Ngwongwo nke anumanu bu ihe ruru minit 60, n'osisi osisi - rue awa 3. Mitosis na usoro ya, Dabere na njirimara morphological, a na-ekewa ya na oge ise, na-enye ohere iji gosipụta nke ọma ihe bụ mitosis:

1. Prophase bụ ọkpụkpụ nke nkewa ọdịiche, na-akọwa njirisi nke chromosomes si na chromatid abụọ yiri ya na nhazi nke ngwaọrụ mgbochi.

2. Prometaphase - oge ịgba ọsọ ngwa ngwa nke envelopu nuklia n'ime obere akụkụ, nke yiri ya na reticulum endoplasmic.

3. Metaphase bụ oge dị ogologo nke nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ nke cell, nke nwere oge abụọ: metakineza - nsị nke chromosomes na mpaghara nke fission spindle dị ka ihe e ji efe efe - na nkewa nke chromosomes n'ime chromatids.

4. Anaphase bụ nkewa nke ngwa ngwa, nke a na-ewepụ chromatids ma kesaa ya na nkwekọ ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ naanị nkeji ole na ole.

5. Telophase bụ ọkpụkpụ ikpeazụ nke mitosis, bụ mgbe usoro mmegharị nke chromosomes kwụsịrị, a na-ebibi igwe miotic, a na-akpụzi nwa nucleoli, a na-emepụta envelopu nuklia, na nkewa sel n'ime ogwe aka abụọ.

Ụdị mitosis

Kedu ihe bụ mitosis na gịnị bụ nhazi ya? Karịsịa, nke a nwere ike ịmepụta site na usoro nke ịchọpụta ụdị ya. N'iburu nkọwa doro anya nke mitosis gosipụtara na òtù dị iche iche fission, ụdị ụfọdụ nke nhazi ya, nke dị na otu taxon, adịghị atụnyere ndị ọzọ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi e ji mee ihe n'usoro ihe odide bụ ụdị omume nke envelopu nuklia, n'ihe gbasara omume nke e nwere ụdị mgbochi atọ:

1. Mgbachi nke mechiri emechi bụ nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na nkedo azụ na ụzụ fission na-apụta n'ime eriri ahụ n'emebighị shea ya.

2. Mepee mwepụ bụ nke ire envelopu nuklia na-emebi site n'usoro sel.

3. Mgbochi mpempe ihe mgbochi. Kedu ihe bụ mitosis nke ụdị a nwere ike kpebisie ike site na ncha nke shea naanị n'osisi nke eriri myotonic, na nhazi nke "windo nke polarity".

Ihe omuma ihe omuma atu nke ụdị mitosis bu udi ihe omimi. N'ihe banyere njirimara a n'ihe gbasara ọdịdị dị ndụ, a na-ekewa echiche:

- pleuromitis (mgbe eriri ahụ na-egosi na ọ bụ akụkụ abụọ);

- orthomitosis (mgbe a na-ekpughe ihe ngosi akara nke eriri ahụ, na nhazi metaphase a na-emepụta efere efere).

Ihe nke mitosis

N'ime usoro mitosis, mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ mụtara otu. Ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ kachasị mkpa iji chebe chromosome. Isi ọrụ nke mitosis bụ idetu ihe ọmụma mkpụrụ ndụ. Usoro a na-emetụta ndị na mmepe, ije nke mkpụrụ ndụ, imu na asexual mmeputakwa.