Methanol: mmetụta ahụ mmadụ site inhalation, mbụ enyemaka

Nsi na methanol na ethanol bụ ọtụtụ ndị na- na-akpata nkwarụ na ọnwụ. Nke a na-emekarị na-eme na ndị na-na-na-na-eri na-aba n'anya nọ n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị na-achọpụta ihe dị iche n'etiti ha. N'ezie, ọ dịghị onye pụrụ ịbụ mma si ogbenye mma na ngwaahịa na-ere na-echekwa, otú ị chọrọ ịmata otú na-aghọta ihe nsi na na na nke a na-.

nkịtị Njirimara

Methanol bụ a colorless mmiri mmiri na-esi ísì mmanya, ngwa ngwa soluble n'ime mmiri. Ọ nwere ike na-agwakọta ya na organic solvents, dị ka benzene, acetone, ọzọ alcohols. N'elu na kọntaktị na ikuku ngwakọta na-aghọ na-agbawa agbawa, iri na isi degrees Celsius iji mgbanye mere. The kpara dose maka ụmụ mmadụ bụ 100 milliliters.

mmepụta

Na azụmahịa ọnụ ọgụgụ methanol nwere ike na-emepụta ọtụtụ ụzọ. Umi mbụ malitere na-enweta mgbe akọrọ distillation nke osisi na Nchikota na lignin, mgbe ahụ, e technology amị mmanya site decomposition nke salts na formic acid n'okpuru nduzi nke okpomọkụ. Mgbe ọ na-uneconomic, e kpebiri synthesize methanol si methane site ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ọxịdashọn nke ya. Ugbu a n'ihi nzube a, carbon dioxide na nwụrụ na mgbakwunye na nke a ọla kọpa-zinc mkpali.

mgbake

methanol-ngwaahịa kpamkpam-emetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. The mmiri nke na-eji ya dị ọcha na esi, ka jupụta na-emerụ bekee, na ọbụna mgbe ugboro ugboro filtration, ọdịda na chemical ọcha ọ bụ ka ekwesighi ka mmanya. Ya mere, ugbu a ọ bụ mmepe nke methanol mmepụta technology na mechiri emechi akaghị. Nke a pụtara na mmiri na-reused, ma ọ bụghị jikọrọ ọnụ dị ka ndu ma ọ bụ chemical n'efu. Nyere nsogbu nke ọhụrụ mmiri na Earth, usoro a ga-enyere ịzọpụta bara uru eke ego.

na ojiji nke

Na azụmahịa ọnụ ọgụgụ methanol-eji dị ka a mgbaze maka lacquers na akọwa, dị ka a akụrụngwa n'ihi ụdi chemical mmepụta dị ka a mkpụrụ maka ọgwụgwọ. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke antifirizi ọmụmụ. Kasị nke methanol-eji na mmepụta nke formaldehyde dị ka ihe mmako ka mmanụ ụgbọala, ke adianade do, ọ na-atụkwasịkwara mmanụ ọduọ ụgbọala na ọgba tum tum.

Ọtụtụ senti ụlọ ọrụ iji methanol na mmepụta nke isisi maka ihe persistent flavor, ma na CIS dị otú ahụ na-machibidoro iwu na n'ji ikike. Ọzọkwa, n'oge gas na mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa na-ahụ were methanol. Ọ na-emetụta ndị nnu edebe na mgbidi nke esi akpa, si otú ịnọgide na-enwe ha ikike.

metabolism

Ahụkarị mgbaàmà nke igbu egbu nwere ike hụrụ n'ime otu awa mgbe na-ewere umi, ma na ụfọdụ ndị mgbaàmà ghara egosipụta onwe ha ruo mgbe otu na ọkara ụbọchị. Ọ na-ngwa ngwa etinye obi gị dum na afo, ma na-metabolized nwayọọ nwayọọ ezuru ya tutu amama si ahụ n'ime otu izu. Ọ bụrụ na ndị etiti oge n'etiti doses nke obere, nsi pụrụ ịnọ. Karịa 70% nke umi-egosipụta n'oge na-eku ume, na-fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla nsí na-amalite irekasị. Ndị fọdụrụ 30% na-imeju mgbe neutralization ịhapụ ahụ na mmamịrị.

Action nke methanol na ethanol na ahụ mmadụ mebiri nke redox Filiks, na-eme hypoxia na acidosis. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-eduga ná a erughi nke vitamin C na B1 na ịrị elu nke igbu egbu. Ndị a alcohols na-nkewa dị ka neuro-vaskụla na protoplasmic nsị.

Mmetụta n'anya

Dị ka ọ bụrụ kuru, na na ingestion nke methanol mmetụta ọhụụ na-anọgide ọdachi. The mmeri nke optic akwara na retina hụrụ ikpe nke nnukwu igbu egbu na-adịghị ala ala na nsi. Pathophysiology kwere na nke a bụ n'ihi na ngwaahịa metabolism nke methanol. Ha gbochie ezigbo oxidative phosphorylation na retina na akwụsịlata guzobe oxygen-free glucose. A enweghị nri bụ na-emerụ na ngwa nke ọhụụ. Ọzọkwa, methanol Alụlụụ iwe mucous, na-eduga mbufụt, edema na ihe mgbu.

inhalation

Nsí Achọ uzu oku formaldehyde adịkarịghị nwere ọcha methanol. Action na ahụ mmadụ site inhalation emee ná nkebi abụọ. Na mbụ na-abịa mmeghachi omume nke obodo iyatesịt nke mucous na mgbe absorption n'ime n'ọbara - systemic nsi nke ahu. Clinical mgbaàmà dị ka ndị a. The aja ọdọhọde nke dizziness, ọgbụgbọ, na-eche na alụlụ n'anya-ya n'ihi oké igbu egbu. Ke adianade do, sharply belata visual acuity, ihe mgbu na nri elu quadrant. Ndị dị otú ahụ na nsi na-adịghị ala ala karịa nnukwu, n'ihi na nke siri ike iyatesịt nke elu akụkụ okuku ume na tract ndị mmadụ iji zere kọntaktị na methanol.

ingestion

Methanol mmetụta ọjọọ ahụ na-egosipụta na ojiji nke denatured mmanya na ndị ọzọ ọgwụ. N'ihi na ụmụ mmadụ ihe ize ndụ dị iri milliliters nke a "onunu", na dose of iri atọ ml nwere ike igbu. Otú ọ dị, otu onye nwere ike na-eme dị iche iche na methanol, iji ya na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ ogologo oge etiti oge. Na-emekarị ndị mmadụ hụrụ cyanosis (mbịne-acha anụnụ anụnụ), na a obere miri emi ume, na o kwere omume ụfụ. Usu na-speeded elu, mmeghachi omume nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ìhè na-efu efu. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọnwụ emee ya ruru ka akụkụ okuku ume na cessation. Ọ bụrụ na onye maara, o mere mkpesa nke ihe mgbu na afo, ọkụ ijiji n'ihu anya, ọhụụ nsogbu. Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa bụ ike na-adị ndụ na ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ, na malfunction nke imeju na-ama irreversible.

-adịghị ala ala na nsi

Mgbe a hụrụ ọnụ ke agba ọhụụ, retinal atrophy, edema na ọnwụ nke optic akwara gbochie mmeghachi omume nke ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị ìhè mkpali. Man akpa mba ngwa ngwa, na-enwe isi ọwụwa n'oge nkera nke abụọ nke ụbọchị, e nwere onye na oké mgbakasị, tearfulness, na nke mmetụta uche lability. Ọ bụrụ na kuru ma ọ bụ na-aṅụ bekee n'ụzọ adịghị nwere methanol, mmetụta ahụ mmadụ ga-anaghị achọpụta. Ọ ga na-egosipụta na-abawanye nke tinnitus, Ugboro oyi, coughing n'ihi na ọ dịghị ihe doro anya kpatara, isi ọwụwa, visual impairment.

Mmetụta nke methanol na akpụkpọ e insufficiently amu. Nke a na-emekarị emee n'out oge na inhalation nke vepo, nke mere na systemic ngosipụta ebukarịghị n'elu obodo. Ma o mere mgbe ndị na-ese ẹduọk mgbaze onwe ya na uwe na akpụkpọ ụkwụ. Kama mgbanwe, nwoke wee na-arụ ọrụ. A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe nke a mere, ọ bụ kpuo ìsì.

mbụ enyemaka

Mbụ niile, anyị kwesịrị iji wepụ methanol. Action na ahụ mmadụ (nke mbụ enyemaka dabeere na pathogenesis nsi, ya mere na ị nwere ike bulie ihe ngwọta) na nsí metabolic ngwaahịa. Ya mere, onye na-enye nlekọta ahụ ike, mkpa na-egbu oge ma ọ bụ gbochie Itie methanol na formaldehyde. Iji mee nke a, ka a gastric lavage ma ọ bụrụ na aja na-weere ụlọ ọgwụ mgbe mbụ awa abụọ. Plus, na igba ogwu n'akwara infusion bụ a 5% mmiri soda (1 liter) na, mgbe saa, ọ dị mkpa na-aṅụ a ngwọta (4.2 lita). Iji nọgide na-achọrọ larịị nke ike ka optic akwara na ụbụrụ agbara subcutaneously na 500 ml nke 5% glucose. Ozugbo ọ bụla ọkara awa mberede jikoro ga na-aṅụ ihe ngwọta nwere 5 g nke sodium hydroxide. Ọzọkwa gosiri igba ogwu n'akwara sodium lactate solution, ruo 4 lita kwa ụbọchị.

All ndị a na-rụrụ na hour obula akara nke acid-isi obodo ọbara etoju nke bicarbonate na acidity nke mmamịrị. Ọ dịkwa mkpa inyocha na ịchọpụtakwa electrolyte larịị ma ịgbanwe ya dị ka mkpa. Monitoring ọrụ nke obi a chọrọ.

Ethanol - a umi na neutralizes methanol. The ihe na mmadụ otú na-egosi na imeju enzymes ga-abụ "ọrụ n'aka" ot ọxịdashọn nke ethanol na methanol-anọgide na-agbanweghi agbanwe ga-ahapụ ahụ na exhaled ikuku na mmamịrị. Mgbe ọ na-amara na aja natara a nnukwu dose of methyl mmanya, ya ozugbo ndinọ intravenously 5% ethyl mmanya ngwọta nke 5% glucose ngwọta na ọnụego nke 1.5-2 g mmanya kwa 1 n'arọ nke-enwe ndidi ibu kwa ụbọchị, mgbe niile nlekota ịta ethanol n'ime ọbara, dị ka ọ na-adị mfe site na ọgwụ nwere ike ghọọ nsi.

Action methanol bụ pernicious bụghị naanị n'ihi na ozugbo iche akụkụ - emetụta ihe nile na usoro nke ahu. Ya mere, symptomatic ọgwụgwọ na-agụnye oxygen ọgwụ, atụtụ aka, ọbara ọgbụgba, ọgwụ ọjọọ iji melite oriri na-edozi nke obi muscle na ịnọgide na-enwe ya excitability na contractility. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọrịa nwere echiche mgbanwe, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-nyere a ogwuura. Na oké njọ, a hemodialysis.

mgbochi

Ka ụbọchị, na nchekwa ọkachamara nwere ike ikwu iji dochie methanol ọrụ. Mmetụta ahụ mmadụ a umi karịa arụmọrụ nke na-eme. E nwere ihe ọzọ n'ụdị nke ethyl mmanya, sịntetik alcohols. Na nnọọ ize ndụ ebe na-atụ aro ka na-eyi gas masks.

Action methanol kwa onye, dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na-ezighị ezi. Iji chebe ndị mmadụ si na-enweghị isi na kọntaktị na a umi ga-eji n'ihi na ụfọdụ labeling nke containers nwere ya na n'ihu ọha dị ihe, dị ka lacquers, akọwa na ha solvents. Paịpụ na methanol-ese na ihe kwesịrị ekwesị na agba, ịdọ aka ná ntị ndị ọrụ ụlọ na anyị na ọrụ, n'ihi na ọ bụghị naanị na-egbu egbu ma na-agbawa agbawa, karịsịa nso elu voltaji wires ma ọ bụ gas ọkpọkọ, nke na-emekarị tọrọ ọnụ.

N'ikpeazụ, m ga-achọ ịrịọ ndị, n'agbanyeghị ihe nile, mgbe nile na-eji methanol: mmetụta ahụ mmadụ, o nwere ma instantaneously na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ, na ọ dịghị nkwa na ọ bụrụ na ị na-ezere nsi tupu, ọ ga-erute n'ebe ị na-eme n'ọdịnihu. Kpachara anya na-agụ kpọọ ọma!