Alcohols Nkwadebe: Ụzọ na Raw Materials

Alcohols na-eji ọtụtụ ọrụ na ọrụ. Of ha na-emepụta dị iche iche na sịntetik Polymers, plasticizers, rubbers, detergents na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ iche na ngwaahịa. Nkwadebe nke alcohols a rụrụ iji Biochemical na chemical ụzọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ uka ngwaahịa nke Petrochemical njikọ. Chemical njikọ nke hydrocarbons bụ a dịtụ ego mmepụta usoro. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa ụzọ bụ mmepụta nke alcohols na olefins hydration. N'ihi ya nwetara isopropyl, sec- na tert-butyl na ethyl alcohols. Nkwadebe nke methyl mmanya (methanol) dabeere na akọrọ distillation nke osisi.

Basic n'ibu nke na-emepụta alcohols:

• Alkaline hydrolysis halogen nkwekọrịta: mmepụta nke glycerol, benzyl mmanya na ndị ọzọ.
• Hydration epoxides na alkenes: ethylene glycol, ethanol na dị ka.
• Hydroformylation: hexanol, methanol, wdg
• ọxịdashọn ụzọ: mmepụta nke ọdụdụ alcohols.
• Recovery Ụzọ: elu ọdụdụ alcohols, xylitol na ndị ọzọ.
• Biochemical ụzọ: mmepụta nke glycerol na ethanol.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị uka-emepụta ngwaahịa bụ ethyl mmanya (ethanol). On ya ndabere, ọ e mepụtara usoro maka amị sịntetik roba. Ethanol na-enwetara site na osisi hydrolysis ngwaahịa, ethylene sulfite mmanya na enzymatic usoro nri ngwaọrụ.

Nkwadebe nke alcohols (ethanol na methanol) nri akụrụngwa na osisi bụ ọnụ na-ewe oge usoro. Ethyl mmanya bụ ihe ndị ọzọ bara uru na mfe iji na-emepụta site na ọnụ hydrocarbon feedstock, e.g., na ethylene hydration. Iji nweta otu ton nke ethanol site enzymatic usoro, ọ dị mkpa iji hazie ihe anọ tọn ọka, ma ọ bụ asatọ tọn sawdust. N'ihi na ha tụnyere, otu ton nke ethanol na-enwetara site na 2.5 tọn mmanụ ala distillates ma ọ bụ ethylene gas. Oru nleeta na nwoke-awa ke imewe nke ethanol si dị iche iche ngwaọrụ: ọka - 160, si poteto - 280, nke ethylene - 10. Nkwadebe nke Petrochemical feedstock alcohols bụ obere oké ọnụ na-ewe oge.

Ọzọkwa nnọọ mkpa chemical ngwaahịa bụ methanol. Modern mmepụta nke methanol a rụrụ site organic njikọ dabeere na carbon monoxide (II) ma ọ bụ a njikọ gas na ihe ulo oru n'ike. Nkà na ụzụ atụmatụ dị, e nwere dị iche iche. Ha nwere ike kere n'ime ndị na-esonụ atọ dị iche iche.

- njikọ nke zinc-chromium akpali na elu nrụgide. Usoro a bụ gharazie ịba uru na-anọchi site na dị iche iche njikọ ụzọ ala nsogbu.

- njikọ nke ọla kọpa-zinc-aluminum mkpali na ala nsogbu. Iji ụzọ nke njikọ nke ndị ala nsogbu nwere ike budata belata na-eri nke ike mmepụta. Na usoro a nke rụpụta na-achọ a elu ogo ọcha nke akụrụngwa adịghị njọ na-emetụta ndị mkpali.

- a atọ-adọ methanol nsụchi a usoro nke a rụrụ na nkwusioru nke inert mmiri mmiri na finely kewara mkpali. Nke a bụ a usoro ntọt mkpụrụ, mgbe mbenata ume-akwụ ụgwọ. Ụzọ nke na-akwadebe alcohols na-akakwa mma. Atọ-adọ usoro a na-aga n'ihu mmepụta technology.