Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, ọbụna ndị adores ya, na-amaghị grape - a mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ tomato. Nke a na osisi, na-enweghị nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụmụ mmadụ pụrụ ịzụlite nnọọ dị iche iche, toro na mba dị iche iche n'ihi na ihe karịrị 7 puku. Afọ. Na nke a, ndị ọrụ ugbo na-elekọta, mkpụrụ vaịn - bụ mkpụrụ ma ọ bụ tomato. N'ihi na ha na ọ bụ ihe dị mkpa na o nwere ọtụtụ ihe bara uru Njirimara nke mmadụ.
Description of mkpụrụ vaịn
Nke a na osisi nke genus Vitis, bụ ndị si n'ezinụlọ nke Vitaceae Juss. Ome ya na, na-eru a na ogologo nke ọtụtụ mita, a maara dị ka osisi vaịn. Ebe ọ bụ na mkpụrụ vaịn - bụ a mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ tomato? Azịza nke ajụjụ a bụ doro nnọọ anya. N'ihi na ihe niile ya morphological atụmatụ mkpụrụ nke a na osisi bụ tomato. Ya obere okooko osisi na-anakọtara n'ime obere florets (mgbagwoju ahịhịa ma ọ bụ broom). Mkpụrụ vaịn bụ ifufe-ifuru, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ifuru na ụmụ ahụhụ. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke okooko osisi: hermaphrodite, nwoke, functionally nwoke, n'ezie nwanyị, functionally nwanyị. Ọ niile na-adabere ogo mmepe na ya nwoke na nwaanyị akụkụ. Mkpụrụ vaịn mara mma ngwa ngwa abatakwa a na-adọ fruiting. Ọ bụ undemanding na ala, ya mere, ọ na-etolite ọma ọbụna na nkume Ona. Mkpụrụ vaịn nwere ezi ime mgbanwe na dịtụ oké ọkọchị na-eguzogide.
Mbido nke mkpụrụ vaịn
E nwere ọtụtụ echiche banyere ebe mbido nke mkpụrụ vaịn. Dị ka otu version, na ebe omumu nke a magburu onwe ya osisi a na-atụle ga- Asia Minor. Na ndị ọzọ - na Caucasus na Mediterranean n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Na nke a ọhịa grape forms e ekesa n'ụwa nile ogologo oge tupu onye ahụ nke omenala iche-iche. Mkpụrụ chọpụtara site ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na-egosi na mkpụrụ vaịn na-eto eto na Earth 60 nde afọ gara aga. Nke 250 umu osisi, nkịtị ebe okpomọkụ na subtropical zones nke ma ammamihe, e nwere ihe karịrị 70 na-eto eto na ọnọdụ na-ekpo ọkụ climates nke Northern Hemisphere.
The iche iche nke
Mkpụrụ vaịn, photos nke na-egosi na ibu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke umu na iche, ọtụtụ puku afọ na-ahọrọ. N'otu oge ahụ onye chọrọ jirichaa ekwukwa n'akwụkwọ Njirimara nke mkpụrụ nke a osisi. N'oge, ọ na-napụrụ banyere 3 puku. Iche iche iche. mkpụrụ vaịn e ji mara na-adabere na ọtụtụ afọ. Iji ụbọchị, e nwere ọtụtụ nke ya ìgwè. Dabere na Njirimara na nzube mkpụrụ vaịn na-ekewa n'ime oru, iri, vasatail na seedless iche. Ha na-dị iche na usoro nke ntozu okè. E nwere a mbubreyo na n'oge iche.
Njirimara mkpụrụ vaịn
Na size tomato nke a osisi na-nnọọ dị iche iche. N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere a obere dayameta nke erughị 10 mm. Ha na-agbaso site obere, na-ajụ, nnukwu tomato. The n'obosara nke kasị bụ mgbe ukwuu karịa 25 mm. Dị nnọọ ka iche iche na agba nke mkpụrụ vaịn. Ọkachamara iche ìhè green, pink, red, amba, odo, acha anụnụ anụnụ, odo odo, nwa iche. Bee tomato kpuchie waxy mkpuchi akpọ pruinom. Ọ nwere ike ịdị mkpa na siri ma ọ bụ oké ma dị ike. Si ya Ọdịdị na-adabere na ike nke grape echekwara, iji ree ure ma ya uto kwụsie ike. Iche iche iche iche bụghị naanị site na agba nke tomato, ma site na ha ụdị. Ha nwere ike ịbụ oval, gburugburu, ovoid, esisịt ma ọ bụ elongated. Mkpụrụ vaịn nke dị iche iche iche iche n'anụ ahụ ha. O nwere ike ịbụ oké, adụ, crisp. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọ bụghị nanị na-acha ọcha mkpụrụ vaịn nwere ike ịbụ akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke ìhè mmanya na juices. Ha na-mere si tomato nwere a acha akpụkpọ. Kasị iche mkpụrụ vaịn ihe ọṅụṅụ bụ fọrọ nke nta ka colorless, ma e nwekwara ọchịchịrị tomato, na onye o nwere onye na-ufiop wine-acha ọbara ọbara na agba.
Ire quality tomato
Anyị na-ama mara grape - ya mkpụrụ osisi ma ọ tomato, na ugbu a ga-akwụ ụgwọ ntị na àgwà nke mkpụrụ ya. N'agbanyeghị di iche iche nke iche, ndị ọkachamara ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe ole na ole nnukwu iche iche, jikọta yiri uto ụdị, gụnyere:
• nkịtị (anọpụ iche) na ijikọta acid na uto, ma enweghị ọ bụla pụrụ iche atụmatụ;
• Solanaceae, na-atọ ka mkpụrụ nke herbaceous osisi;
• Muscat - a siri ike e ji mara flavor;
• Isabella, nke senti nke strawberry, blackcurrant na painiapulu na-enwe a mucous pulp.
na-eto eto mkpụrụ vaịn
Fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla maara na home grape tumadi eji na-eme juices, stewed mkpụrụ osisi na wine. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-rụrụ na ji achọ ọrụ dị ka a rịa osisi maka landscaping gazebos, arbors na pergolas. Na n'ụlọ ubi, ndị kasị n'ọtụtụ ebe na oyi-gbasiri iche, osisi vaịn nke iru ọtụtụ mita n'ogologo. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọtụtụ table iche ekwesighi ka cultivation n'ụzọ a. Anyị Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe ịga nke ọma nke cultivation nke mkpụrụ vaịn na-adabere na ala ebe nke obodo na ihe onwunwe akwụ ụgwọ. N'ebe ndịda na mpaghara, a na osisi toro na-emeghe n'ala na trellis. Na ọzọ n'ebe ugwu latitudes, ndị kasị mma table iche na-emekarị toro pụrụ iche greenhouses ewe iwe na ndị mbubreyo mmiri na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ. The kacha nta size nke ndị dị otú owuwu: ogologo - 2,5 m; elu -. 2.1 m ụfọdụ winegrowers eto okpomọkụ-n'anya iche na-emeghe n'ala. Na nke a, anyị nwere mgbe niile ewepụtụ vine, ịkwụsị ya ibu, ebe ọ bụ na oyi mkpa ndo ya si oyi, na-ewere na tapestries na ibikwasị n'ala. Ọtụtụ igwu obere oghere, ebe ọma enịm osisi, a gwara mmanụ ya agbakwa ihe (kaadiboodu, osisi ibe, akọrọ ahịhịa) na kpuchie ụwa. Nke a cover-enye gị ohere na-vine-emebibeghị ọbụna n'okpuru oké ntu oyi. Ọzọ oghom ihe na-egbochi ha merela agadi okpomọkụ-n'anya grape iche, bụ enweghị eke ìhè. N'ihi ya, n'okpuru oghom ọnọdụ ihu igwe, tomato nwere ike ịnọgide na-green ruo mgbe September ma ọ bụ October. Bookmark ubi-vine nwere ụfọdụ kwuru. Ị kwesịrị izere akuku ike-na slaboroslyh akara ule ọnụ, a ga-iche iche enịm neukryvnyh na a ekpuchi ihe, mfe susceptible ka ọrịa na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị ha, mbubreyo na n'oge. Nke a na osisi ga-akwagide na kwachaa (mmiri na ụbịa). Nke a na-ewepu niile Alaka na vine mkpụrụ vaịn na a na-adịghị ike, nevyzrevshie kwa afọ ibu. Magburu onwe owuwe ihe ubi na-enye ike Ome. Ọzọkwa n'oge okpomọkụ, ọ dị mkpa iji wepụ Ome na-eto eto azụ n'elu nnukwu ụyọkọ na azuokokoosisi nke afọ gara aga, dị ka a ọhụrụ ibu "akwusila juices" osisi n'onwe ya, na-egbochi maturation nke tomato.
iji tomato
Isiokwu mkpụrụ vaịn dị iche magburu onwe uto, ya mere ha na-bu n'obi ọhụrụ oriri. Ụfọdụ iche na-ihicha n'ihi na mmepụta nke sultanas na-vine amiri ami. Kasị nke mkpụrụ vaịn toro zitere maka nhazi maka mmepụta nke juices na wine. Ebe ọ bụ na tomato nke a osisi bụ akaebe nke sugar ọdịnaya (25-30%) na qualitative mejupụtara, niile na ngwaahịa ndị nnọọ uru maka ụmụ mmadụ. Na mkpụrụ vaịn bụ ịnweta, organic bekee (glucose, nnu, potassium) na vitamin (A, B1, B2, B6, C, eyi), n'ihi ya, ọ na-eji maka prophylactic na ọgwụgwọ nzube. Jiri mkpụrụ vaịn na-enyere normalize nsogbu, adi-ọcha nke airway imi, mma akpụkpọ ọnọdụ. Isiokwu mkpụrụ vaịn, ka nnukwu, mara mma bunches nke tomato na a uru pulp, nwere a adabako uto. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ezigbo ọdịnaya nke mfe digestible sugars na asịd. Kasị iche table ọma ebuga na echekwara ruo ogologo oge n'okpuru mma. N'agbanyeghị uru nke grape, ọ na-contraindicated n'ihi na ndị mmadụ na-ata ahụhụ si na-arịa ọrịa shuga, nnukwu nsia ọrịa, ibu oké ibu na ọrịa nke duodenum.
amụba nke mkpụrụ vaịn
Nke a na osisi na-propagated vegetatively (site layering, cuttings). Mgbe ụfọdụ, n'ihi na-eto eto osisi breeders na nkpuru ojiji, ma na nke a na mkpụrụ vaịn nke a ogologo oge agaghị amị mkpụrụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ndị seedlings na-iji na-emepụta ọhụrụ iche. Kụrụ mkpụrụ vaịn na anwụ na-acha na ọnọdụ ebe (ndịda, n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ). The ọzọ okpomọkụ osisi na-enweta, mma àgwà nke tomato ma elu mkpụrụ. The ala nwere ike ịbụ ihe ọ bụla ma e wezụga ndị nnu marshes. Ọ na-ekwesịghị ịbụ apịtị na mmiri. Ọtụtụ mgbe, gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ cuttings kụrụ oghe n'ala ke ini utọ, ma ọ bụrụ na osisi ihe onwunwe na-nnọọ nke ọma mepụtara, kwere na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ akuku. Ebe ọ bụ na nnukwu nke grape mgbọrọgwụ dị na 20-40 cm n'elu ala, osisi na-akụ na a omimi nke 0.4 m anya n'etiti ha - .. Mgbe mkpụrụ vaịn 1.5-2 m na-akụ na e nyere ahịrị, ha obosara kwesịrị dịkarịa ala 2 m.
grape pests
Dị mwute ikwu na, a na osisi bụ ukwuu susceptible ka ọrịa na pests. The kasị dị ize ndụ n'ime ha bụ ndị ebù, isi awọ ebu, powdery mildew, nje, nje canker, mealybug, phylloxera, akwukwo grozdevoy. Ndị dị otú ahụ n'ebe grape ọrịa na-eduga ná mkpa idepụta pụrụ iche chemical ọgwụgwọ mmadụ maka igbochi na ọgwụgwọ osisi.