Acidic ala: ịrịba ama. Olee otú obibi acidic ala?

The acidity nke ala ọ bụ na ọnụnọ nke alkali ọcha. Dabere na nke a oke, ala nwere ike ịbụ nke atọ ụdị. Igbunye ala acidic, alkaline na-anọpụ iche. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ụfọdụ ndị òtù nke osisi alaeze dị ka ala na a elu a index, a ala obere họọrọ.

acidity index

The acidity nke ala na-akọwa site na ya onwunwe na-adabere na ịta nke hydrogen ion. Ọ bụ OH n'ụdị ngwọta pH, i.e. mmiri mmiri na-adọ nke ala n'onwe ya. The uru na-kwupụtara gram-kachasị yitebe kwa liter.

Acidic ala (dị ka akọwapụtara n'elu) ji onye Onyenwe anyị + n'okpuru asaa, i.e., ọnụ ọgụgụ nke H + ion bụ ihe na-erughị OH- ion (na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anọpụ iche, na a na-egosipụta site na nọmba 7).

Olee otú iji chọpụta ndị acidity?

Nịm a oke n'ụlọ ezi mfe. Iji mee nke a na a ọpụrụiche ụlọ ahịa ịzụta a set maka ịtụ acidity nke ala, nke na-agụnye a ụfọdụ ego nke litmus. Ke adianade do, ị na mkpa ịkwadebe ndị na-akpọ ala wepụ (otu akụkụ ala tinye ise n'akụkụ mmiri). The ike nke a enyeghachi ya okpukpu anọ ga-ekwesị jijiji maka a mgbe hapụrụ nanị iji chebe ya. Ugbu a ọ bụ omume na mmiri mmiri nke dị n'elu sedimenti, ebe ahụ litmus ule. N'elu na kọntaktị na mmiri mmiri, ọ na-agbanwe ya na agba, nke na-jiri ya tụnyere a template.

Acidic ala, ihe ịrịba ama nke a na-a kọwara n'isiokwu a, e ji ndị na-esonụ mpempe akwụkwọ na agba: green, blue-green na-acha anụnụ anụnụ.

Gịnị osisi na-egosi acidic ala?

Acidic ala (esi kọwaa ya n'ụlọ, n'elu) hụrụ n'anya ọtụtụ osisi, n'agbanyeghị na ya edidu ke ubi ma ọ bụ n'azụ ụlọ nwere ike ịnapụta a ọtụtụ nsogbu.

Osisi na-adị ndụ nanị na ndị dị otú ahụ Ona na-akpọ acidophilia. Ịmara ihe ọhịa grasses ka dị otú ahụ a ala, iji chọpụta acidity nwere ike ịbụ na-enweghị arụ chemical ule. On dị Ona mgbe na-eto eto:

• horsetail;
• obere sọrel;
• akpaetu;
• Caustic buttercup;
• blueberries;
• sọrel;
• na ubé acidic Ona pụrụ ịchọta Heather, ferns na cornflowers.

Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-gaa na akaụntụ eziokwu na ọtụtụ osisi na-na-enweghị mmasị na obere fluctuations na egosi, na-ike-imeghari edaphic ihe (a set nke chemical Njirimara nke ala na ya n'ụzọ nkịtị e ji mara). Ya mere, maka ihe ezi pụta na-atụ aro iji chọpụta ego nke alkali ọcha na ala site litmus ule.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ugbo ubi, ala bụ acidic (ịrịba ama ọ bụ nnọọ mfe icheta) na-adịghị yiri ka ịrịọ ọ bụla nke maara nke ọma na-anọchite anya. Ikekwe ụfọdụ n'ime ha pulitere na a onye Onyenwe anyị + nso anọpụ iche, dị ka quince, iche iche iche apụl, raspberries na blakberị, nakwa dị ka tomato, sọrel, eyịm, poteto na pumpkins. Ịmara ihe ịrịba ama nke ihe acidic ala na ubi ka mma ala ọnọdụ pụtara mfe. Nke a kwere omume site mmeghe nke ụfọdụ bekee. Anọchitekwa anya nke Ifuru osisi acidic ala (otú obibi ya, ị pụrụ ịhụ site isiokwu) adabara irises, delphiniums, ụfọdụ okooko lili, coniferous osisi na ọtụtụ Roses.

Ọzọ nchọpụta ụzọ

Aka na-ekpebi ihe ndị acidity bụ a pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ Alyamovsky. Nke a bụ a pụrụ iche set nke reagents, isi nzube nke bụ na-akpa àgwà a ala analysis wepụ (n'ihi na ha tụnyere si abụọ extracts: nnu na mmiri). Ọzọkwa, ọ na-agụnye egosi nke potassium chloride ngwọta, akpa na n'omume. Analysis yiri ndị na-eji na nke litmus warara.

E nwekwara a ngwaọrụ nke e mere iji chọpụta acidity nke ala, mgbe na-emezu ọtụtụ ọrụ:

• mkpebi siri ike nke acidity;
• iru mmiri;
• okpomọkụ;
• ala ọkụ.

E nwere omenala ụzọ. Ka ihe atụ, iji a akwukwo currant ma ọ bụ udara. Ha mkpa ka a brewed na esi mmiri, mgbe ahụ, jụụ. Ọzọ, tinye a ụfọdụ ego nke ala. The agba nke ọmụmụ na-ekpebi acidity nke ala. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri gbanwere ya na agba na-acha uhie uhie, ala bụ acidic.

Olee otú ndị acidity nke ala na osisi?

N'ihi na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke akuku ala acidity - a dị nnọọ mkpa oke, nke bụ oke nke osisi a ga-atụle. Nke a bụ iji hụ na ọ dịghị mebiri nke ike osisi, nakwa dị ka usoro nke ịmụta ndị ọcha dị mkpa maka ntozu. Ọ bụrụ na unadapted ufodu tinye ya na acidic Ona, ọ na-egwu na nitrogen agụụ, karịsịa n'oge oghom ọnọdụ ihu igwe, karịsịa n'oge ezo na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-lowered. A ngosipụta nke a na-ewere chlorosis nke epupụta, nke na-amalite banye osisi na veins, na mgbe ahụ gaa gburugburu anụ ahụ. Ọ bụghị ka e mgbagwoju anya na nkịtị ịka nká, na-echeta na nke ikpeazụ na-amalite na anụ ahụ n'etiti veins na veins onwe ha ruo oge ụfọdụ-anọgide na green.

Ke adianade do, acidic ala (nke na-etolite na ya, n'elu) ji mgbanwe nke aluminum na ígwè salts, bụ nke pụrụ iduga eziokwu na phosphoric acid osisi bụghị nanị etinye obi gị dum. High ichekwa ndị a nnu dị n'ime ala nwere ike ịkpata na calcium, potassium, site, magnesium na molybdenum na o siri ike banye n'ime n'ime osisi anụ ahụ, ma na-enyere iji belata mkpụrụ. Phototoxicity uru na ndị ọzọ ọcha dị ka ọla kọpa, zinc na boron. Osisi na-adịghị emegharị na-eto eto na acidic Ona mepụtara-agụghị oké, mgbọrọgwụ branching na-kwụsịtụrụ, mmiri absorption na ndị ọzọ nri budata njọ, ihe ịrịba ama nke ihe acidic ala na saịtị na-egosi ya.

Ke adianade do, ndị dị otú ahụ ala ha pụrụ ịghọ apiti, na ala onye Onyenwe anyị +, nke ukwuu likelihood nke waterlogging.

Acidic ala: otú obibi na-enyemaka nke fatịlaịza?

Otu ụzọ, nke-enye gị ohere ngwa ngwa belata acidity nke ala - fatịlaịza. N'ihi na ndị a na nzube-ejikarị iri potassium sulfate ma ọ bụ ammonium chloride na a kwesịrị ekwesị potassium, sodium ma ọ bụ calcium nitrate ma ọ bụ superphosphate. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na na iwebata kpọmkwem ndị a na ụdị fatịlaịza osisi na-eto eto na acidic Ona, na-anions karịa cations. N'oge a dị mma cations ịnọgide na ala, nke na-eduga ya alkalization.

Iji ndị a fatịlaịza na-doo anya etiti oge, anyị nwere ike hụ na ala onye Onyenwe anyị + nkịtị.

Ọ bụrụ na ụzọ dị iche iche nwere ihe gosiri na i nwere acidic ala, ihe na-eme n'oge opupu ihe ubi? Ị nwere ike iji ngwá ọrụ na-bụ eluigwe na ala. Ọ bụ nnọọ ekwesị maka ihe ọ bụla ụdị ala (ma ọ bụrụ na ị bụghị n'aka na gị ubi bụ acidic ala, ihe ịrịba ama nke a na-akọwara n'elu). Nke a bụ urea. N'ihe banyere hyperacidity dịtụ ala alkalisation nwere ike nweta ya.

Ma ammonium nitrate bụ mma ghara iji n'ihi na ị nwere ike nweta ihe na-abụghị mmetụta.

The ojiji nke lime

Kacha nkịtị usoro nke Iguzogide ala acidity ka na chalking. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na lime bụ ike inochi hydrogen, na aluminum nke tụụrụ ala n'ígwé, dochie ha magnesium na calcium. The ala ọgụgụ onye Onyenwe anyị +, nke ukwuu ala kwesịrị liming.

Nke a na usoro-agụnye ime ala na nkume nzu (dolomite nwere ike mfe dochie) na a omimi nke ọ bụla karịrị 20 cm. Mgbe ahụ, ala n'ụba wụsa mmiri. Frequency nke wayo kwesịrị banyere ozugbo ọ bụla 5 afọ (mgbe ụfọdụ, e nwere ike ime ọzọ ma ọ bụ obere mgbe, dabere na acid uru). Onye kasị ukwuu ego nke etinyere lime achọ ụrọ Ona, nke kasị ala - ájá.

The uru nke a usoro ndị doro anya:

• neutralization nke ala acidity na-eduga ná mmepe nke microorganisms na-ebi na ala na gbasakwara guzobe ọtụtụ osisi nri, dị ka nitrogen ma ọ bụ site;
• ogige nke manganese na nke aluminum na-aga n'ime ya na-adịghị ejekwa ụdị, adịru nsí mmetụta ndị a, ndị na osisi a na-ukwuu belata;
• absorption nke potassium, site na molybdenum na-arụ ọrụ;
• Ọ enwekwu arụmọrụ nke iwebata ọzọ fatịlaịza, dị ka nsị anụ.

Ọnụ na iwebata nke nkume nzu ma ọ bụ dolomite chọrọ njikọta, nke na-aka mma na boron dị ka ogige nke boron na manganese ida ha agagharị.

Ndị kasị dịrị nchebe ụzọ Lower acidity

Acidic ala, ihe ịrịba ama nke a na-kọwara ná mmalite isiokwu a ka mma, ma ọ bụrụ na-etinye na ya na osisi green nri ala. Ha na-enwe ike ịkpọlite onye Onyenwe anyị +.

Ndị dị otú ahụ osisi na-agụnye:

• rye;
• oat;
• Representatives legumes;
• lupins;
• Phacelia.

Iji dị irè, a na usoro nke agha ga-mere ọtụtụ ugboro n'afọ ruo ọtụtụ consecutive afọ.

Nke a na usoro a na-atụle mma, ebe ọ bụ na ọ naghị emerụ ọ bụla ụmụ nje na-ebi n'ime ala na-ata ahụhụ site a otutu calcium na wayo, ma ọ bụ osisi, nke ahụ ga-abụ na ebe na-eto eto ma ọ bụ ala.

Ọzọ n'aka mma acidic Ona

Calcium-nwere preparations nwekwara ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ-enwe ike ka mma ala àgwà, ma ọ bụrụ na analysis gosiri na ala na saịtị acidic (ihe na-eme n'oge opupu ihe ubi, e nwere ike dị n'isiokwu a). Ngwá ọrụ ndị a na-agụnye:

• particulate nzu (ọ ga-milled, sieved, wee tinye na ala na ọnụego nke 300 g nke nzu kwa 1 m nke ² nke ala n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ike acidity);
• peat ash (ego nke a ọgwụ ga-budata ọzọ nzu);
• osisi ash (adabara ájá, aja loam na peat Ona).

Olee otú iji nweta acidic ala

Mgbe ụfọdụ, tupu ubi ọ bụ a ajụjụ banyere otú iji belata acidity nke ala, na, ọzọ, otú e si azụ ya. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ụfọdụ akwukwo nri n'ubi na-eme nke ọma na ndị dị otú ahụ ihe mgbakwasị. N'ihi na nke a iji dị ka fatịlaịza apịtị peat, nke bụ ike budata belata onye Onyenwe anyị + larịị.

Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na karịsịa nsogbu nke ala acidity n'oge, oge elele ya ka mkpa. Nke a dị mkpa iji na-adọ jikoro ka mma ala ọmụmụ. Ịmara ihe ịrịba ama nke ihe acidic ala na ubi na ubi, na-eme ya nke ukwu mfe.