Mountains nkezi elu na ihe atụ. ugwu nhazi ọkwa

Ugwu dị iche iche: ihe ochie na-eto eto, nkume na ewepụghị, kupolopodobnymi na kapịrị ọnụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-kpuchie na n'oké ọhịa, ebe ndị ọzọ - adịghị ndụ nkume placers. Ma n'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ekwu okwu banyere ha elu. Gịnị ugwu nkezi, na nke na-atụle ga-elu?

Ugwu dị ka otu ụdị nke enyemaka

Mbụ niile na ọ dị mkpa na-aza ajụjụ nke ihe ugwu ahụ. Nke a bụ a mma n'ụdị nke enyemaka, ji a nkọ ma dịpụrụ adịpụ n'ibuli ebe. Na ọ bụla na-eru uju n'ụzọ doro anya deere atọ isi ọcha:

• onu ire;
• mgbakwasị ụkwụ;
• mkpọda.

Ọ bụla n'ugwu usoro nke mbara ala - abụghị ihe ọ bụla ma a mgbagwoju usoro nke ndagwurugwu (anētiye) na ridges, esịnede Ọtụtụ onye vertices. Ha niile bụ ndị mpụga ngosipụta nke esịtidem (endogenous) agha nke Earth - tectonic crustal mmegharị na mgbawa ugwu ahụ.

Mountains ike n'elu mbara ụwa anyị kasị mara mma na pụrụ iche Okirikiri. Ha na-ji a ụdị nke ala cover, pụrụ iche na osisi fauna. Ma, ndị mmadụ biri na ugwu bụ oké ala azụ. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ, ihe 50% nke ndị bi n'ụwa na-adị ndụ na karị adịghị nnọọ 200 mita n'elu oké osimiri.

Nhazi ọkwa ugwu na geomorphology. Mountain nkezi, ala na elu

The geomorphological sayensị were ugwu na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe mgbakwasị :. Age, elu, obodo ebe, na Jenesis, ọdịdị nke n'elu, etc ..

Dị ka ha si na ha nwere ike ịbụ tectonic, mgbawa ugwu na denudation nke afọ - agadi ma ọ bụ na-eto eto. Na-eto eto bụ onye ugwu usoro, guzobe nke bụ ihe na-erughị 50 nde afọ. Na geological okwu bụ nnọọ obere afọ.

Udi nke ya n'elu ugwu bụ:

• kwuru;
• dome;
• ala dị larịị-dị ka ( "Isiokwu").

Elu elu oké osimiri, ọdịdị mbara ala dị iche n'ugwu:

• ala;
• ajụ;
• elu.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, na akwụkwọ nwere ike hụrụ na márá elu ụdị, dị ka a ala n'etiti ma ọ bụ na-ajụ akwa ugwu. Ozugbo ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na ugwu nkezi elu nwere ike dị na bụla akụkụ nke ụwa. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọ na Europe na Asia.

Middle Mountain: atụ na ịdị elu

8848 mita - a akara ruru kasị elu ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu n'ụwa - Qomolangma, ma ọ bụ Everest. The zuru elu nke na-ajụ ugwu bụ ihe ndị ọzọ obi umeala: site 1 3 km elu oké osimiri.

The kasị ama ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ ugwu - nke a bụ Carpathians, ndị Appalachian Ugwu, Tatras, Apennines, Pyrenees, Scandinavia na Drakensberg Ugwu, na Australian Alps, na Stara Planina. E nwere ugwu Central na n'ime Russia. Ndị a bụ ndị Ural Mountains, Eastern Sayan, Kuznetsk Alatau, Sikhote-Alin (nọchiri n'okpuru) na ndị ọzọ.

Akụkụ dị mkpa nke usoro ugwu - ịdị adị nke altitudinal zones. Nke ahụ bụ, ahịhịa na odida obodo na-agbanwe agbanwe na-elu.

Carpathians

Carpathians - ndị kasị ibu size European ugwu usoro ekpuchi asatọ mba. Ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ, na-akọwa si malite aha ya, wee kwuo na a aha nwere Indo-European mgbọrọgwụ na sụgharịta ka "nkume", "oké nkume".

Carpathians gbatịa na ihe aak na ọkara puku kilomita site Czech Republic na Serbia. Na kasị elu mgbe a ugwu na nsogbu na ókèala nke Slovakia (ugwu, Gerlachovský elu, 2654 m). A ọchịchọ ịmata eziokwu: n'etiti Alps na easternmost spurs nke Carpathians - naanị 15 kilomita.

Karpaty - eto eto n'ugwu. A kpụrụ ha na Cenozoic. Otú ọ dị, ha ndepụta nwere ire ụtọ na nwayọọ, na ọtụtụ ihe e ji mara nke ochie-afọ geological owuwu. Nke a nwere ike kọwara site na eziokwu na Carpaty advantageously stacked adụ nkume (nzu, na nkume nzu, na ụrọ).

Mountain usoro e kewara ekewa n'ime atọ nhazi akụkụ: Western, Eastern (ma ọ bụ Ukrainian) na Southern Carpathians. Ọzọkwa ya mejupụtara agụnye Transylvanian Plateau. Carpathian Ugwu dị iche pụtara elu seismicity. Ebe a bụ ndị na-akpọ mpaghara nke Vrancea, nke "na-arụpụta" ala ọma jijiji nke 7-8 ihe.

Appalachians

Geomorphology a na-akpọkarị Appalachians yiri ejima nke Carpathians. Anya ha adịghị iche ukwuu ọ bụla ọzọ. Appalachian Mountains na-dị na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke North America, n'ime mba abụọ (US na Canada). Ha gbatịa si na Gulf of St. Lawrence na Gulf of Mexico, n'ebe ndịda. Ngụkọta ogologo nke ugwu - banyere 2,500 kilomita.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị European Carpathians - ugwu na-eto eto, ndị American Appalachians - a ngwaahịa nke mbụ Hercynian na Caledonia orogeny. A kpụrụ ha banyere 200-400 nde afọ gara aga.

Appalachian Mountains ndị ọgaranya na iche iche ịnweta ego. Ebe a bụ ọgaranya ọla kọpa, Asbestos, mmanụ ala, ígwè ore. Na nke a, a bụ ugwu ugwu na-na-mgbe kwuru na dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme "ulo oru belt" nke US.

Australian Alps

Ọ na-enyo na Alps na-abụghị nanị na Europe. Bi nke kasị nta na driest Afrika, kwa, nwere ike ịga hiking ke ata Alps. Ma ọ bụ nanị na Australian!

Nke a ugwu na-emi odude ke akụkụ ebe ndịda nke Afrika. Nke a bụ ebe kasị elu mgbe na dum nke Australia - Mount Kosciuszko (2228 m). Na na mkputamkpu ugwu nke ndị a ugwu sitere ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ osimiri nke Afrika - na Murray.

Australian Alps oke itunanya iche iche na odida obodo okwu. Na ndị a ugwu i nwere ike ịhụ na snow-capped ọnụ ọnụ na nke miri emi green ndagwurugwu, na ọdọ mmiri ndị na-doo anya mmiri. Ugwu mkpọda na-mma na fanciful anya nkume. The Australian Alps nwere ọtụtụ ebe mara mma agbaga n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba na magburu onwe skai ntụrụndụ.

Ná mmechi

Ugbu a na ị maara ihe a nkezi ugwu, na ihe - na-elu. Geomorphology nwere atọ ụdị nke ugwu elu usoro. Ọkara ugwu nwere a elu site 1000 na 3000 mita n'elu oké osimiri. Carpathian Ugwu, Appalachian Ugwu, na Australian Alps - nke a bụ ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ ugwu na ụwa.