Ngụkọta oge nke ntọala. Ihe Nlereanya nke ngụkọta oge nke ntọala ikpo, mkpanaka, columnar, monolithic, slab. Ngụkọta oge nke ntọala isi: otu ihe atụ. ntọala ngụkọta oge nke rollover: Ihe Nlereanya

Iji ọkọlọtọ ụzọ ikwado atụmatụ na ngụkọta oge bases, ihe atụ nke ngụkọta oge nke ntọala ka mfe ngụkọta oge. Dabere na-atụ aro nyere ke ibuotikọ pụrụ izere njehie na-ewu nke ahọrọ Ọdịdị (columnar, ikpo, mkpanaka ma ọ bụ slab ụdị).

columnar isi

Ka ihe atụ, na iji otu-storey ụlọ na kwa na okwu nke 6x6 m, mgbidi osisi 15x15 cm (volumetric arọ nke 789 kg / m³), trimmed na elu n'akụkụ nke mpịakọta mkpuchi lining. Okpu ụlọ ka nke ihe: elu - 800 mm Obosara - 200 mm (volumetric uka nke ihe onwunwe - 2099 kg / m³). Ọ dabeere na a mesikwuru ihe doo ngalaba 20x15 (volumetric arụmọrụ w / w - 2399). The mgbidi nwere a elu nke 300 cm, na wepụrụ ebubo n'elu ụlọ a na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site abụọ ramp. Cap na ime ulo mere nke planks mere ndokwa na ibé cross ngalaba 15x5, na a gwara mmanụ na ịnweta ajị (nnukwu mkpuchi uka bụ 299 kg).

Ịmara ibu ụkpụrụ (SNIP), nwere ike n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị na-ebu na ngụkọta oge nke ntọala. Atụ ngụkọta oge nke ntọala -enye gị ohere ngwa ngwa igosi mgbawa maka ụlọ nke ya.

ibu norms

• On plinth - 149,5 kg / m².
• The n'uko - 75.
• Norm maka snow loading ebe n'etiti ìgwè nke RF bụ 99 kg / m² na-akwanyere ndị ụlọ ebe (kwụ ngalaba).
• Dabere na dị iche iche na iji akara ebu dị iche iche mgbali ibu.

Nsogbu na onye ọ bụla axis

Kpọmkwem egosi nke bughi na usoro iwu ibu kwere n'ụzọ ziri ezi gbakọọ bases. Ihe Nlereanya nke ngụkọta oge nke ntọala e nyere n'ihi na mma nke novice na-ewu ụlọ.

The imewe mgbali nke "1" axis na "3" (ikpeazụ mgbidi):

• Si log mgbidi yitewere: 600 x 300 cm = 1800 cm². Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ a ba uba site ọkpụrụkpụ nke vetikal yitewere nke 20 cm (na ohere maka mpụga risịrị). Nwetara: 360 cm³ x 799 kg / m³ = 0,28 m.
• Site na onu doo: 20 x 15 x 600 = 1800 cm³ x 2399 ~ 430 n'arọ.
• Si na isi: 20 x 80 x 600 = 960 cm³ x 2099 ~ 2160 n'arọ.
• Site okpu. Gbakọọ ngụkọta uka nke niile yitewere, ahụ na-ewe 1/4 akụkụ nke ya.

Ndekọ na n'akụkụ 5x15 enịm ọ bụla 500 mm. Ha ibu bụ 200 cm³ x 800 kg / m³ = 1600 n'arọ.

Ọ dị mkpa iji chọpụta arọ nke n'ala slab na nragide esịne ke ngụkọta oge bases. Ihe Nlereanya nke ngụkọta oge nke ntọala oyi akwa na-egosi na mkpuchi ọkpụrụkpụ nke 3 cm.

The olu bụ 6 mm x 360 = 2160 cm² cm³. Ọzọkwa, uru a na-uba site 800, a ngụkọta ego na 1700 n'arọ.

Ịnweta ajị mkpuchi na-enwe a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 15 cm.

Volumetric egosi hà 15 x 360 = 540 cm³. Mgbe ọtụtụ site njupụta nke 300,01 nweta 1620 n'arọ.

Total: 1600,0 + 1700,0 + 1600,0 = 4900,0 n'arọ. All kewara ekewa site 4, anyị na-enweta 1.25 m.

• Si n'uko ~ 1200 n'arọ;
• Si n'elu ụlọ: ngụkọta uka nke ramp (1 / 2kryshi) ewere n'ime akaụntụ uka nke ụlọ ibé, na wepụrụ ebubo flooring ji kpachie oghere - na 50 kg / m² x 24 = 1200 n'arọ.

Norm maka ibu nke columnar owuwu (na "1" axis na "3" a choro iji chọta 1/4 akụkụ nke ngụkọta nsogbu na ụlọ) na-enye ohere na ngụkọta oge nke ikpo ntọala. Otu ihe atụ nke ihe owuwu n'okpuru echiche bụ ezigbo maka owuwu nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.

• Si na isi (600.0 x 600,0) / 4 = 900,0 x 150,0 kg / m² = 1350,0 n'arọ.
• Si n'uko: 2 ugboro erughị si okpu.
• Snow: (100 kg / m² x 360 cm²) / 2 = 1800 n'arọ.

Na nchịkọta: a nchịkọta tụọ bughi ibu nke 9.2 ise, usoro iwu mgbali - 4.1. Na nke ọ bụla axle "1" na "3" nwere mara banyere 13.3 m.

Bara mgbali axially "2" (etiti longitudinal akara):

• Si log mgbidi overlapping, ọnu doo na elu nke plinth yiri ibu ụkpụrụ nke "1" axis na "3": 3000 + 500 + 2000 = 5500 n'arọ.
• Of okpu na n'uko, ha nwere okpukpu abụọ ọgụgụ 2600 2400 = 5000 n'arọ.

N'okpuru ebe usoro iwu ibu arọ na ngụkọta oge nke ntọala isi. Ji Ihe Nlereanya ndika ụkpụrụ:

• Si na isi: 2800 n'arọ.
• Si n'uko: 1400.

Na nchịkọta: ngụkọta index constructive nrụgide bụ 10.5 t, normative loadings - 4.2 m "2" axis nwere a arọ nke banyere 14700 kg ..

Nsogbu na axis "A" na "B" (na transverse ahịrị)

Mgbawa na-mere dabeere na bughi ibu log mgbidi overlaps randbalok na okpu (3, 0,5 na 2 m). The nsogbu na ntọala ndị a mgbidi ga-abụ: 3000 2000 + 500 = 5500 n'arọ.

Number nke okporo osisi

Iji kpebie ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ogidi na ngalaba 0.3 m, a na-ewere ala-eguzogide (R):

• Mgbe R = 2,50 kg / cm² (na-eji ụfọdụ) na-emetụta akpụkpọ ụkwụ ebe 7,06 m² (n'ihi mfe, mgbawa buru ntakiri uru - 7 m²), egosi nke otu kọlụm na-ebu ike bụ: P = 2.5 x 7 = 1 75 tọn.
• Ihe Nlereanya nke ngụkọta oge nke columnar ntọala ala-eguzogide R = 1,50 ewe ndị na-esonụ ụdị: F = 1.5 x 1.05 = 7.
• Mgbe R = 1,0 e ji otu kọlụm na ibu ike p = 1.0 x 7 = 0,7.
• Eguzogide mmiri ala 2 ugboro erughị kacha nta uru table indices bụ 1.0 kg / cm². Na a omimi nke 150 cm, nkezi bụ 0,55. Ịgba ikike nke kọlụm bụ P = 0,6 x 0.42 = 7.

Maka họrọ home chọrọ ibu 0,02 m³ ihe.

nyefee ebe

• N'okpuru n'uko mgbidi: tinyere ahịrị "1" na "3" na a arọ nke ~ 13.3 m.
• Axis "2" na a arọ nke ~ 14.700 n'arọ.
• N'okpuru n'uko mgbidi anyụike "A" na "B" na a arọ nke ~ 5500 n'arọ.

Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ gbakọọ rollover ntọala, ihe atụ nke mgbawa na formulas na-nyere n'ihi na nnukwu ụlọ. ha na-agaghị eji maka suburban ebe. Akpan akpan anya na-akwụ ụgwọ ibu nkesa, nke na-achọ ịkpachara anya ngụkọta oge nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okporo osisi ya.

Ihe Nlereanya nke ịgbakọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ogidi niile ala ụdị

Ihe Nlereanya 1:

R = 2,50 kg / cm²

N'ihi na mgbidi slabs tinyere a nke nke "1" na "3":

13.3 / 1.75 ~ 8 okporo osisi ya.

Dị ka "2" axis:

14.7 / 1.75 ~ 9 PC.

Tinyere agba "A" na "B":

5,5 / 1,75 = 3,1.

Naanị banyere 31 kọlụm. Volumetric ngosi ihe onwunwe bụ 31 x 2 = 62 mm³ cm³.

Nlereanya 2:

R = 1,50

Site na "1" na "3" ~ 12 okporo osisi ya.

Dị ka "2" axis ~ 14.

Tinyere agba "A" na "B" ~ 6.

Total ~ 50 iberibe. Volumetric ngosi ihe onwunwe ~ 1.0 m³.

Nlereanya 3:

N'okpuru ebe a, ị pụrụ ịmụta otú anyị gbakọọ a monolithic ntọala. Otu ihe atụ e nyere ala na table index R = 1,0. Ọ na-ewe ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

Site na "1" na "2" ~ 19 PC.

On mgbidi "2" ~ 21.

Tinyere agba "A" na "B" ~ 8.

Total - 75 okporo osisi ya. Volume index nke ihe onwunwe bụ banyere 1,50 m³.

Atụ 4:

R = 0,60

Site na "1" na "3" ~ 32 PC.

Dị ka "2" axis ~ 35.

Tinyere agba "A" na "B" ~ 13.

Total - 125 posts. Volume index nke ihe onwunwe bụ banyere 250 CC.

Na mbụ na nke abụọ mgbawa nkuku posts na-arụnyere na nrutu nke anyụike na longitudinal edoghi - na otu pitch. N'okpuru n'okpuru ala nke ọgwụgwụ mgbidi ogidi na-igba na mesikwuru ihe onu doo formwork.

Atụ №3 on intersecting anyu mere ndokwa na kọlụm 3. A yiri ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bases grouped tinyere "1" axis, "2" na "3". Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-ewu ụlọ nke a technology na-akpọ "ohia". On a iche iche "ohia" a chọrọ ka a nkịtị w / w headroom-rafti ntọala gụkwuo ya pụrụ isi chọta na ogidi, nke na-emi odude na anyụike "A" na "B" randbalok.

GOSIRI №4 na-enye ohere na nrutu na longitudinal akụkụ nke edoghi (1-3) iwu "bushes" nke 4 okporo osisi na n'ihu wụnye ha kwụsị mgbidi, grills. On ha enịm n'okpuru plinth nke ọnu ákwà.

teepu isi

N'ihi na ha tụnyere, n'okpuru gbakọọ warara ntọala. Otu ihe atụ na e nyere na echiche nke miri dọrọ 150 cm omimi (obosara - 40). The ọwa jupụtara a ngwakọta nke ájá 50 cm, ọ bụ n'ihu jupụtara ihe ka a elu nke otu mita. Ọ na-achọ mmepe nke ala (1,800 CC), na-ebikwasị a ájá nta (600) na ihe (1200).

Si 4-columnar isi n'ihi na tụnyere ẹka atọ.

Borer ọrụ rụrụ mpaghara 75 cm³ na imegharị ala 1.5 cubic mita, ma ọ bụ ugboro 12 nta (fọdụrụ ala a na-eji backfill). The mkpa na ihe mix - 150 CC, ma ọ bụ banyere 8 ugboro nta, na ájá nta - 100 (ọ dị mkpa idak akwado ibé). Near ntọala kere ngagharị oghere na-enye ohere mara na steeti nke ala. Site tabular data 1 na 2 họrọ eguzogide.

Mkpa! The ala edoghi ndị a data ga-ekwe ka na-ebu na ngụkọta oge nke ntọala slab - Nịm ihe nlereanya niile ala ụdị.

Eguzogide aja ala

Isiokwu. 1

Ala iguzogide mkpụrụ, kg / cm ³

ájá nta	The njupụta larịị
	oké	Sredneplotny
nnukwu	4,49	3,49
Central	3,49	2,49
Obere: malovlazhnogo / mmiri	3-2,49	2
Uzuzu uzuzu: malovlazhnogo / mmiri	2,49-1,49	2-1

Isiokwu. 2

Eguzogide ụrọ ala

ala	larịị porosity	ala na-eguzogide, kg / cm 3
		siri ike	mgbanwe
aja loam	0.50 / 0.70	3,0-2,50	2.0-3.0
loam	0,50-1,0	2.0-3.0	1,0-2,50
ụrọ ala	0,50-1,0	2,50-6,0	1.0-4.0

slab ntọala

Ke akpa ogbo gbakọọ efere ọkpụrụkpụ. Were uka nke ọkara ohere, nke na-agụnye na nwụnye arọ, lining na extra ibu. Dị ka nke a na-egosi na efere ebe a gbakọọ na okwu nke mgbali nke ohere na n'ala na-enweghị a ntọala arọ.

Gbakọọ uka nke nenwegh efere a gaghị agara nrụgide ala (ezi ájá nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ ha ga-adị 0,35 kg / cm², nkezi njupụta - 0,25, ike na ductile aja loam - 0,5, a siri ike ụrọ - 0,5 na drapable - 0.25).

The ebe nke isi ekwesịghị gafere ọnọdụ:

S> Kh × F / KP × R,

ebe S - ntọala naanị;

Kh - ọnụọgụ iji chọpụta ndị a pụrụ ịdabere support (ọ bụ 1.2);

F - ngụkọta nke ịdị arọ nke niile efere;

KP - ọnụọgụ na-ekpebi ọnọdụ nke ọrụ;

R - eguzogide nke ala.

atụ:

• Free uka nke ụlọ - 270 000 n'arọ.
• Kwa na plan - 10x10, ma ọ bụ 100 m².
• Ala - mmiri loam 0,35 kg / cm².
• The njupụta nke mesikwuru ihe bụ 2,7 kg / cm³.

Ibu efere lags site 80 t - bụ 29 cubes nke ihe mix. 100 n'ámá, ya ọkpụrụkpụ kwekọrọ na 29 cm, otú 30 ẹka.

Total efere arọ bụ 2,7 x 30 = 81 ton;

Ngụkọta uka nke ụlọ na ntọala - 351.

The efere nwere a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 25 cm: ya uka bụ 67,5 m.

Enweta 270 + 67,5 = 337,5 (n'ala mgbali nke 3,375 t / m²). Nke a bụ zuru ezu maka aerated ihe ụlọ na simenti njupụta mkpakọ V22,5 (efere akara).

Structure Definition rollover

Oge mu kpebisiri ike site ewere n'ime akaụntụ ifufe ọsọ na mpaghara nke ụlọ, nke mere na mmetụta. Ọzọ gwara a chọrọ, ma ọ bụrụ na ndị na-esonụ ọnọdụ:

Mu = (Q - F) * 17,44

F - eweli ike nke ifufe edinam n'elu ụlọ (na nke a atụ, ọ bụ 20.1 kN).

Q - gbakọọ kacha nta asymmetrical ibu (na ọnọdụ aga-eme ya bụ hà 2785,8 kPa).

Na ngụkọta oge nke ndị parameters mkpa ịtụle ọnọdụ nke ụlọ, ọnụnọ nke ahịhịa na wuru a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke aghụghọ. Ukwuu anya na-akwụ ụgwọ ndị ihu igwe na geological ihe.

The n'elu ọgụgụ na-eji ihe atụ ọrụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, onwe-wuru ụlọ a na-atụ aro na-gakwuru ndị ọkachamara.