Nikolskaya ụlọ elu nke Moscow Kremlin: ihe mere eme, nkọwa na-akpali eziokwu

Kremlin Nikolskaya ụlọ elu - otu n'ime ndị ọcha nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble mkpụrụ Red Square. E nwere otu ọnụ ụzọ ámá, nke ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke narị afọ nke 15 malitere Str. Nikolskaya. Total ewu elu - 70,4 m, ọ bụrụ na ị na-agụnye okpu ya kpakpando. A otutu akpali na ihe ọmụma bara uru ịmụta inwekwu si isiokwu.

akụkọ ihe mere eme data

Nikolskaya Tower e wuru na 1491, afọ. Ọ na-e mere site Italian GP Solari. Aha na-ewu metụtara na Wonderworker Nicholas, onye icon na-achọ onye facade n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ.

E nwere ndị na ọkà mmụta bụ ndị kweere na, na-ekwu na aha na-ejikọrọ na ochie Nikola, onye mọnk e odude nnọọ nso. Na 1612-m ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke ụlọ elu gara aga ndị agha, onye ndú Dmitry Pozharsky na Kuzma Minin, otú o wee gbadaa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Na 1737, afọ Nikolskaya Moscow Kremlin ụlọ elu e erikpuo ọkụ na-agba na ọkụ kpamkpam. Ọ weghachiri n'okpuru nlekọta nke I. Michurin. Ọ pụtara ihe ndozi Baroque atụmatụ dị ka afọ iri na style of Arsenal. Na 1780 Ọdịdị nke ahụ finishing na-arụ ọrụ K. Blanc, bụ onye kere n'elu a gburugburu udi na a ala tent. Na oge 1805-1806 si. ebe a na ọ e rụrụ isi nwughari n'okpuru nlekọta nke A. Ruska na A. Bakaev. Na saịtị nke superstructure n'elu quadrangular pụtara Gothic octagon, elu tent mere nke nkume ọcha na mma na mara mma tracery iche-iche. Ọ bụ ekele na Gothic style ụlọ elu nke St. Nicholas dị iche iche si ọzọ ụlọ ke Kremlin.

na-akpali eziokwu

Na 1812 ọ rụrụ mgbawa, nke rụpụtara na ụlọ idiọk mebiri emebi. The culprits ndị French, hapụrụ obodo. The tent dara, na-emebi ụzọ ámá maka nduzi. Ọ bụghị risịrị nkata na ihe ngosi Mozhayskogo Nikoly, nke e weere a ọrụ ebube.

Nke a bụ n'oge na-adịghị hụrụ Emperor Alexander I. Mgbe ahụ, site iwu ya rụrụ mweghachi nke Nikolskaya ụlọ elu. N'okpuru ihu nke senti pụtara marble e dere ede na nke gọvanọ mere ya kpọọ. The ederede na-agụ, na nzọpụta nke ihe oyiyi bụ n'ihi na amara nke Chineke.

Mbelata Filiks kere si 1816 na 1819-nke afọ. Ngo edu atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ OI Bove, bụ onye meworo ka ụfọdụ innovations na imewe. Ikwū nkume ọcha dochie na ndabere nke ígwè eku. Na nkuku nke quadrangular etinye vials, nke wusiri Gothic agwa nke ụlọ. Ọzọkwa zodchesky ya amamihe n'ọrụ a gosiri V. Bakarev. Mgbe update Nikolskaya Tower hụrụ a snow-acha ọcha na agba. Na obi na e nwere a uka Chudotvortsa Nikolaya na Alexander Nevsky, nke e wughachiri ọtụtụ ugboro. The oge ikpeazụ ya mere na 1883.

mgbanwe

Na October 1917 ụlọ ahụ idiọk mebiri emebi n'ihi ogbunigwe shelling. Ọ e wughachiri na 1918. The usoro ada N. Markovnikov. White dochie brick, ahụkarị maka dum ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble.

Board mere nke marble, nke Alexander m ozugbo dere, kagburu. Na October 1935, n'elu nke tent na saịtị nke ugo na abụọ isi enịm kpakpando ahụ na ọkara dị oké ọnụ ahịa rubi ịgbanwe na 1937. Na otu ray 12 nwere ihu.

mmerụ

Nikolskaya Tower (Moscow) e mebiri emebi, mgbe na 1917 obodo ghọrọ a n'ọgbọ agha. Ọ dara shells ebibi esiwanye ike n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá. N'oge a, ihe oyiyi nke St. Nicholas enweghị chioma, ọ nọ na nkwarụ bullet oghere na shrapnel-efe efe n'ime ya, ma ihu na nọgidere anọkwa n'udo, metụrụ naanị ndị ọcha gburugburu ya. N'ezie, ndị dị otú ahụ a ukem ini na-amanye ndị bi na Moscow ọzọ gosi onyinyo nke ịdị nsọ.

Na iconography malitere iji ihe oyiyi nke shelled oyiyi. Ọdịdị e weghachiri ha na 1919, mgbe renovations e wepụrụ si image. Restorers ruru afọ-ochie ụkpụrụ na iwepụ achọghị metụtara. Na 1920-1922. murals na oyiyi nke ndị mmụọ ozi nọ na-tutu amama.

ugboro ugboro ọrụ ebube

Na April 1918, e ifịk ifịk na-akwadebe maka ememe na nsọpụrụ nke Ụbọchị Ndị Ọrụ, nke na-eme ememe nke mbụ ahụ. Facade na icon yiwere na red bunting. Nọgidenụ na-asian nke ihe ahụ a ifufe dị ike, na ọ tọhapụrụ ụzọ n'ihi na anya, na-atụba kwụsịrị kwaaji. Ndị mmadụ na-nọ ugbu a, na-ekwu na e nweghị preconditions ọbụna ìhè oké mmiri ozuzo, na ákwà dọwara onwe ya ma ọ bụrụ na chipped mma agha. Lenin nọ na CPC, nakwa dị ka a nnukwu ìgwè mmadụ nke ndị na-ndị mara mma anya ihe omume a.

Maka umpteenth oge Mystique hụrụ Nikolskaya Tower nke Moscow Kremlin. Nke a akụkọ na-gbasaa a siri ike ndepụta obodo ọrụ ebube na ọbụna nwetara n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ. N'ezie, na-ewu ewu fantasy egwuri si ike, na ụfọdụ ndị àmà ọbụna na-ekwu na ihe oyiyi na-enwu.

ọha mkpu ákwá

Ebe a na-abịa na ndị pilgrim, nke disbanded agha nke Red Army. Ekwu okwu banyere ihe a merenụ n'ihi na a ogologo oge akwụsịghị. Otu nwanyị ọbụna kwuru na na May 1st hụrụ Chudotvortsa Nikolaya na a text mma agha n'aka-ya, nke o bee red ákwà. Nke a otu version na-egosi na mmadụ na onye ọzọ.

Human mmasị akụkọ, ndị a naanị esemokwu ka a oké isiokwu nke mkparịta ụka n'ebe ahụ. Iji n'ụzọ ụfọdụ ịchịkwa a nchiyo, mgbe oge na-agba a na egbe n'ime ikuku gbapụ ìgwè mmadụ, nke bụ nke ukwuu mmasị na ụlọ elu nke St. Nicholas. Asịrị efehe, ma ngwa ngwa laghachi mbụ ha ebe. Tikhon n'ebe a - na nna ochie, bụ ndị jere ozi na efe ofufe adịghị na mgbidi nke Kazan Katidral. Tupu ụzọ ámá nke ekpere ẹkenịmde na nsọpụrụ nke St. Nicholas.

ụlọ ekpere ụlọ ahụ bibie na 1925 n'ihi na ọ dị mkpa ka onwe ulo-elu si ochie n'ígwé. N'oge 1929 e wuru a mausoleum mere nke nkume. Holy onwunwe dị na mgbidi ụlọ ekpere, e zigara ya ogige nke ụlọ nsọ nke St. Jọn Warrior, bụ nke dị na Yakimanka. A oche wuru ụlọ mposi ọha were.

adịbeghị anya nchoputa

Nikolskaya ụlọ elu ije mara mma, ma ọ bụ ka ndị kasị akpali mmewere ebe a bụ aha ndị a ma ama na akara ngosi nke Nikoly Mozhayskogo. Na 2010, afọ chọpụtara oge ochie image, nke ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ka e liri n'okpuru n'ígwé plaster. Ya nchekwa bụghị ọ bụla akwụkwọ.

On ihu nke senti wee gafee n'oge ịmara na Kyoto. Mgbe ahụ rụọ ọrụ na-enye ndị Kremlin ya akụkọ ihe mere anya. Na June, n'elu ọnu-uzọ arụnyere scaffolding maka mweghachi. The ọkachamara mụụrụ ule na nke na ọ bụ ike na-ekpe ikpe na-ala nke icon.

Mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere ikpochapụ ya ụzọ na n'ezie ịhụ onyinyo nke senti. Ọ na-e kwuru na n'elu oyi akwa na-etinyere na 15-16 ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ọrụ nwere na-mara mma, n'ihi na ndị gbawara agbawa na ụfọdụ na-egbu oge a chọpụtara. Mgbe ahụ ụlọ elu chụọ n'ọrụ, ụfọdụ plaster dara, n'ihi na relic chebekwara nanị ọkara. Ugbu a, e nwere atụmatụ maka ihe e kere eke nke iko ngere na echebe image si oghom ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Nke na-adịghị akpọkọtara na ghọọ mmanụ ga-eji site ventilashion usoro.

pụta ọrụ

The mweghachi kere ọnwa 3. Ọrụ ahụ siri ike n'ihi na nke na-emebi emebi ọnọdụ ahụ a chọtara. Na mgbakwunye na fọdụrụ metụtara nke shrapnel na mgbọ, ọ bụ nakwa a hopper, nke mere a projectile. Ha hapụrụ ha akara ọkụ na ọkụ na Middle Ages. N'ígwé karịrị narị afọ nke 19, wezuga I. Grabar na 1918. Plasta imebi sere, na agba na-nnukota onu. Ọ dabara nke ọma, m na-eguzosi ike na preparatory ịbịaru, nke gbalịrị recreate niile fọdụrụ.

The ekpe aka reconstructed si akwụkwọ na e kere na-ese na-amaghị aha Onye Okike nke narị afọ nke 16. Naanị palm gụnyere na a ole na ole mgbanwe technology, n'ihi na ọ dịghị isi iyi na-amụta otú e si eme ihe ziri ezi.

Ọ bụkwa a omimi, bụ ụbọchị nke ihe e kere eke nke ihe oyiyi, n'ihi na ọ bụ nke ukwuu mgbanwe na 17-19th ọtụtụ narị afọ. Restorers kọrọ na dabeere na ụdị nke nwere na ihu narị afọ nke 17.