Nje bacteria nke putrefaction na decomposition

Nje bacteria na-ebi n'ebe nile: na ala na na mmiri, n'okpuru ala na n'okpuru mmiri, ikuku, na ozu nke ọzọ e kere eke nke okike. Ya mere, ihe atụ, na ahụ nke a toworo eto ahụ nnọchiteanya nke agbụrụ ụmụ mmadụ ndụ karịa 10 puku ụdị microorganisms, na ha na-arọ bụ site 1 3 percent nke ngụkọta ahu aro. Part microscopic e kere eke dị ka nri were organics. Otu n'ime ha a ma ama ebe ji site putrefaction bacteria. Ha ibibi foduru nke ozu ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, udia nke okwu a.

eke usoro

The decomposition nke organic okwu bụ a eke usoro nakwa ibu ọrụ, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na ọma-zubere okike. Enweghị ire ere na ọ gaara-agaghị ekwe omume mgbasa nke bekee na Earth. Na ihe ọ bụla ikpe, ihe ịrịba ama nke decomposition pụtara ntoputa nke a ndụ ọhụrụ, abụrụ mbụ. Nje bacteria adiahade ebe a - VIPs! N'etiti àkù nile nke organic ndụ forms ha na-ahụ maka ndị na-eri oge na oké mkpa usoro.

Gịnị na-rere ere

The ala akara bụ na mgbagwoju gbariri mfe ọcha na ha mejupụtara okwu. Modern onodi ọkà mmụta sayensị banyere usoro na odomo organic ogige n'ime inorganic, nwere ike kọwara dị ka ndị a:

• Nje bacteria nwere metabolic ire ere, na etịbede chemical ụzọ nkwurịta okwu organic ụmụ irighiri nwere nitrogen. The usoro emee n'ụdị ike kpọọ protein na amino asịd.
• Enzymes na mepụtara ntule n'oge cleavage ntọhapụ amonia, amines, hydrogen sulfide si protein ụmụ irighiri.
• Products abanye ahu ire ere bacteria, na-eji na-enweta ume.

atọhapụ amonia

The nitrogen okirikiri - otu ihe dị mkpa akụrụngwa nke ndụ na Earth. A Micro-ntule aka ya - onye nke kasị ọtụtụ iche iche. Ke eke ecosystems, ha na-egwu a isi ọrụ na-eweghachiri ala mineralization. N'ihi ya, aha - decomposer (nke pụtara "Iweghachi"). E nwere ọtụtụ ebe na-anọchi anya bacteria wedara n'ala na putrefaction ammonifying, i.e. ike nke na-atọhapụ nitrogen si na ndị nwụrụ anwụ organic okwu. Ọ asporogenous enterobacteria, bacilli, spore na-akpụ clostridia.

nje na-akpata subtilis

Nje na-akpata subtilis - otu n'ime ndị kasị, na-eme nnyocha na-amụ bacteria. Ibi na ala, ihu ọma anamde respiration iji oxygen. Isi mejupụtara - a nuclear-free cell. Nke a microorganism bụ a pụtara nnukwu, oyiyi nke nwere ike enwetara site na nanị na-amụba. -Ezitekwara na-arụpụta hay nje na-akpata protease - catalyzing enzymes na-ebi elu shei nke ya mkpụrụ ndụ. Site n'enyemaka nke enzymes, bacteria gbarie molekụla Ọdịdị nke ahụ protein (peptide ụyọkọ amino asịd), amino otu otú a tọhapụrụ atọhapụ. A, nke a pụtara na ọtụtụ nkebi na-eduga ná njikọ nke ike na cell (ATP). Degradation mere site bacteria (ire ere), Bilie guzobe of ogige nke na-emerụ mmadụ.

Gịnị bụ nke a umi

Nke mbụ bụ na ọgwụgwụ ngwaahịa nke amonia na hydrogen sulfide. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụrụ na-ezughị ezu mineralization guzobere:

• cadaveric nsị (cadaverine, n'ihi na ihe atụ);
• aromatic agwa compound (skatole, indole);
• na rere ere amino asịd nwere sọlfọ, thiols kpụrụ, dimethylsulfoxide.

N'ezie, n'ime kpuchie nke na-achịkwa ọgụ decomposition usoro - akụkụ nke digestive usoro n'ihi na ọtụtụ ụmụ anụmanụ na ụmụ mmadụ. Ọ na-adị na-emekarị ke colon, na bacteria na-eme ka ire ere, na-egwu a bụ isi ọrụ na ya. Ma nwere ike ime ka ọdachi na nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na nsi nke nri rere ere. Nwoke ahụ bụ oké mkpa ọgwụ, saa eriri afọ ma weghachi microflora ọgwụ. Ke adianade do, ìgwè amonia ke idem nwere ike triggered site ụdị ụfọdụ nke bacteria, gụnyere E. coli. N'ihi ya, ụfọdụ anụ ahụ akpọkọtara amonia. Ma kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ niile usoro ya a na njikọ aka urea na mgbe anyụpụ si ahụ mmadụ.

saprotrophs

Putrefaction bacteria kwuru na saprotrophs, tinyere gbaa ụka site bacteria. Ma gbarie organic ogige - nitrogen na carbon, karị. N'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, ume a na-tọhapụrụ na a na-eji ike na ndụ support microorganisms. Enweghị gbaa ụka nke bacteria (eg, mmiri ara ehi), ụmụ mmadụ ga na-natara dị mkpa oriri dị ka yogot ma ọ bụ cheese. Ọzọkwa ebe ha na e ji esi nri na winemaking.

Ma saprotrophic bacteria nwere ike ime ka ire ere na spoilage. Usoro a na-emekarị so site ọtụtụ ntọhapụ nke carbon dioxide, amonia, ike, na-egbu egbu bekee maka nwoke, nakwa dị ka kpo oku mkpụrụ (mgbe ụfọdụ ruo onwe-mgbanye). Ya mere, ndị mmadụ mụtara ike ọnọdụ n'okpuru nke rere ere bacteria ida ha nwere ike mụta nwa, ma ọ bụ nanị anwụ. A jikoro na-echebe ngwaahịa na-agụnye ọgwụ na pasteurization, nke na nchekwa umu nwere ike nọgidere na-enwe maka a dịtụ ogologo oge. Ida ha Njirimara nke bacteria ma kpụkọọ ngwaahịa. Na ochie, mgbe adịghị ma a mara oge a ụzọ si spoilage pathogenic microflora ngwaahịa echebe ojiji ihicha, salting, saccharification, dị ka nnu na sugar-ajụ microorganisms kwụsị ha mkpa ọrụ ma na n'oge ihicha ewepu ọtụtụ ndị mmiri dị mkpa maka uto nke bacteria .

Nje bacteria nke ire ere: mkpa nke Micro-ntule na Biosphere

The ọrụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ bacteria maka ihe niile dị ndụ Earth nwere nnọọ njikọ. Na Biosphere, n'ihi na ha nwere ike na-ebi ndụ ammonifiers mgbe niile bụ na usoro nke decomposition nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ na ha ụdi mineralization. Guzobere n'ihi nke mfe bekee na ogige nke ihe inorganic uwa, otu nke carbon dioxide, amonia, hydrogen sulfide na ndị ọzọ aka na nrugharị bekee oriri na-edozi maka osisi, obere nyefe nke ike si otu nnọchiteanya nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke ụwa ruo na ọzọ, na-enye ohere nke ndụ ọhụrụ .

nitrogen bụ maka ntọhapụ nke elu osisi, na-enweghị aka nke bacteria putrefaction ha nwere ike n'ụzọ zuru ezu nri na-eto eto.

Putrefaction bacteria gbasakwara ala guzobere Filiks, decomposing nwụrụ anwụ organic ihe onwunwe n'ime ya akụrụngwa akụkụ. Ọ bụ ihe onwunwe ha na-arụ dị oké mkpa ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọzọ na ụmụ mmadụ na-eme.

N'ikpeazụ, ọrụ nke microorganisms na-enweghị kwuru n'elu Earth, gụnyere mmiri ebe, agaghị juru na ozu ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi, na oge ha nke ịdị adị nke mbara ala nwụrụ a bukwanu ego!