Ọfọn chọpụtara: nkọwa, ngwaọrụ ụdị na e ji mara

The Sewerage usoro nke a plurality nke ọcha, nke na-iji hụ na udo ọrụ netwọk. Ọfọn chọpụtara na-eje ozi dị ka otu n'ime ndị isi akụkụ, nke a rụrụ site ọkachamara na ihicha arụmọrụ siwa. Nke a na-egosi na ndị a components nke usoro bụ Central na mpụga nsị.

Isi iche

Dabere na aga, i nwere ike ịmata na ụfọdụ ụdị nke manholes, gụnyere: linear, rotary, isi, na-achịkwa, asa ahụ, Perepadnaya, nakwa dị ka ihe pụrụ iche nha na ikpọ n'olu. Linear ga-emi odude na ogologo ngalaba nke siwa usoro na a pitch nke na-adabere na anwụrụ n'obosara. Rotary nọ n'ebe ndị ahụ ebe usoro agbanwe ntụziaka nke e, n'ihi na ihe atụ mgbe cornering. Nke a variant iche na n'elu-kọwara olulu tree configurations, nke na-anọchi anya n'ụdị a ezigbo usoro na a kacha nta na okirikiri nke curvature. Ọ ga-hà ugboro atọ ọjà n'obosara. N'ikpebi n'akuku nke adiana nke ọkachamara ga-echeta na o kwesịrị ịbụ elu karịa 90 Celsius. Nodal chọpụtara olulu mmiri ndị dị na isi ihe ndị ebe a otu unit na jikọọ na ọtụtụ edoghi nke usoro. Ha nwere a paseeji nzukọ na-ejikọ a kacha nke atọ ọkọnọ na nloghachi ọkpọkọ. Mgbe ọ na-abịa nnukwu ọdọ, na nodal olulu mmiri ndị dị ha na-akpọ ejikọta ụlọ.

Description nke ụdị ndị ọzọ nke manholes

Test olulu na-emi odude na isi ihe nke njikọ nke yad, ma ọ bụ intracanal osisi netwọk onye na bụ n'okporo ámá. Ha na-enịm n'èzí ụlọ akara si ụlọ. Ndị dị otú ahụ-iyi na-mkpa ịchịkwa ọrụ nke usoro ịgbakwunye ihe. The amalite ebe na-setịpụrụ asa olulu ebe puru nke ọdịda n'ihi obere velocities. Perepadnaya olulu ga-dị na ihe ebe dị iche iche oriri anwụrụ na tinyekwa anwụrụ akara tree. Special olulu ndị ọzọ nnukwu na-aba na onu n'olu. The mkpoko otú kwesịrị inwe a dayameta nke 600 mm na anya n'etiti olulu mmiri bụ 50 m ma ọ bụ karịa.

atụmatụ manhole

Ọfọn chọpụtara dabeere a tree, elu mkpuciị anwụ, olu na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ. The imewe nwere ike nke dị iche iche ihe: anuahade nkume, ihe nkanka ma ọ bụ brik. Na esereese, ndị data ọcha na-egosi site polygonal, gburugburu ma ọ bụ akụkụ anọ. The isi na-emi esịnede a mesikwuru ihe slab na-enịm na a bed nke gravel. The isi na nkà na ụzụ nke tree omume rụrụ na-situ ihe ika M200. Ọ na-eji a formwork, nke jupụtara na ciment ngwa agha na mesikwuru mkwado.

The ọma nwere a ikiri conduit, nke na-aga n'ime a tree òkè nime ya nye na-akpụ akpụ wastewater. Mgbe ọ na-abịa na-eme n'usoro ọdịiche nke ọma, ọ bụ kpọmkwem akụkụ nke tree, na ala - vetikal. Tree elu ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị oke nke na-ekpebi n'obosara nke ibu ọjà. On abụọ nke tree ga nwere shelves nwere a echiche ọjọọ kwupụta ya. Ndị a shelves ga-eje ozi dị ka saịtị na usu ọrụ n'oge mmezi ọrụ.

Atụmatụ nke isi mmiri nke ọma

Ọ bụrụ na i nwere mmasị na ngwaọrụ nke manhole, mgbe ahụ, unu mara na ya na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na nwere a elu nke 1,800 mm. Mgbe ahụ, ka n'obosara ga-ekpebisi ike site na ọjà n'obosara. Ọ bụrụ na nke ikpeazụ nhọrọ bụ 600 mm, na dayameta nke nhazi ulo hara ka 1000 mm. The n'olu nwere ọkọlọtọ akụkụ na-hà 700 mm. Ọ bụrụ na ọjà n'obosara bụ 600 mm, n'olu kwesịrị positioned nke mere na ọ nwere ike na-enịm ọcha ngwaọrụ. N'ihi na ẹsụhọde na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ na na na olu na-onwem na brackets na n'ịnyịnya steepụ.

State ụkpụrụ hatches

Simple layman ọ pụrụ iyi na onu bụghị dị ka ihe dị mkpa nke manhole. Ma nke a bụ bụghị ikpe. Ihe bụ isi ihe maka imewe nke a akụrụngwa eme ígwè. Hatches ezi-ígwè manholes na-arụpụtara dị na GOST 3634-61. Nke a na mmewere na-emi esịnede a ahu na a mkpuchi maka arịọnụ na olu, na dayameta nke ikpeazụ ga-hà 700 mm. The oghere n'ihi na amaokwu nke a dayameta nke 620 mm. Ọ bụrụ na e nwere mkpa ka dina-enwu n'okporo ụzọ manhole, ya uka ga-hà 134 kg, ebe akpa ume na-enịm na pavement, na ha ibu bụ na 80 n'arọ.

Hatches manholes, GOST rụpụta nke e kwuru n'elu, na ike ga-rụrụ site na polymeric ihe, nke ikpeazụ dị iche lightness, ike, anwụ ngwa ngwa na gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa. Mgbe na-eji polima ihe na-Efrata n'oge imewe nke fillers kwukwara, na-eme imegharị ihe maka iji usoro-agaghị ekwe omume. Ya mere, ndị a na ngwaahịa na-adịghị nke mmasị maka reclaimers recycled.

ọma ngwaọrụ

Maka usoro arụ ọrụ nke ọma, a ga-eji site ọbịa, manholes rụrụ Standards 8020-90. Mgbe mbụ ogbo nke earthworks, nke na-agụnye mkpa trenching na gwupụtatụrụla. Tupu na ọkachamara mepụta preparatory ọrụ n'ụdị marking n'ókèala, ntikpọ nke osisi na wepuÚ unit na-ewu ihe owuwu. Mgbe miri dọrọ dị njikere, ya na ala a na-trimmed, mgbidi mkpọda akụkụ na-kwupụtara na ngo dị ka larịị nke mkpọchi. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekpebi iji nkume Ọdịdị, na ala nke n'olulu ga-kwadebe waterproofing oyi akwa, ndị ọkpụrụkpụ nke nke kwesịrị 20 cm. Waterproofing nwere ike nweta site na iji a bituminous mastic.

Ka ịmepụta a ihe ma ọ bụ mesikwuru ihe olulu isi kwesịrị ịdị njikere ka a ihe na mpe mpe akwa, na ọkpụrụkpụ nke ikpeazụ kwesịrị 10 cm. Ị nwere ike iji njikere mere ihe slabs.

The ụkpụrụ nke na-arụ ọrụ

Ọkachamara ịrụ a chọrọ udi nke tree ngwaọrụ site na ihe na mkwado n'ụdị mkwado. Na nsọtụ akpa ga-anọkwasị na bitumen ma ọ bụ ihe. The n'ime elu nke yiri mgbaaka na-esichara bitumen. Ozugbo ala nke bulie ike, ị nwere ike wụnye yiri mgbaaka na n'ala slabs. Sochiri a ehichapụkwa na ciment ngwa agha nkwonkwo ma mechie bitumen nke otu. Na ebe pipeline ga-aba usoro, ị ga-eme ka a ụrọ nnukwu ụlọ 30 cm, elu dị ukwuu karịa 60 cm tụnyere ndị dayameta nke ọjà.

Final ọrụ

Ule ga-rụrụ n'ụbọchị, nke a nke ọma jupụtara mmiri ka elu onu, na anwụrụ arụnyere plọg. Nke a nkwanye na-emetụta nanị akara containers. Ná mpụga mgbidi backfilled na ala na-ọma sụkọtara. Around n'olu ka nke ihe ìsì ebe, obosara nke nke bụ 1.5 m. Ndị fọdụrụ nkwonkwo ga-dịpụrụ adịpụ site na iji bitumen.

ọgwụgwụ

Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ Sewerage usoro a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ị kwesịrị ị na-eji Standard. Hatches ezi-ígwè manholes ka ihe atụ, a na-mere na ala ụkpụrụ, nke e kwuru okwu ya na isiokwu n'elu.