Ole na-eri mmanụ na 2008? Ọnọdụ nke ahịa, ụdị ahịa, e guzobere na-eri nke

The na-eri nke a gbọmgbọm mmanụ welara ọkwa nwere ịrịba mmetụta na aku nke na-eduga na-ekwu na ike ga-eji dị ka a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ngwá ọrụ. Ụra ahịa nwere adịghị mma mmetụta na aku na uba nke Soviet Union, na-egwu a bụrụkwa òkè na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nsogbu nke malitere na mbubreyo 80s, na akpasu ndị ida nke USSR. Fluctuations na uru nke akụ mmetụta na obodo mmefu ego nke oge a na Russia, aku na uba na n'ozuzu na price nke ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke Russian ebupụ - eke gas.

The na-eri nke mmanụ a na-tụnyere 2008, mgbe n'ihi nke uwa aku nsogbu, e nwere a ida ke ahịa. N'otu oge e dere ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme karịa ogo uru. Ole na-eri mmanụ na 2008? The kacha nta ozo nke akụ bara uru ruru na ụbọchị mgbe Christmas, mgbe ndị kasị elu price na e dekọrọ a ọnwa ole na ole mbụ - anọ July.

price mmanụ - egosi nke ọtụtụ ihe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị arena na-emetụta ụwa si eduga aku na uba. Ma tupu n'ịkpọ akụ eri fluctuations, kwesịrị obibi na di iche iche nke price, na-eri, na iji nke guzobe nke ikpeazụ na-eri.

Ụdị mmanụ ahịa: a welara ọkwa nke akụ

Ka mfe usoro nke ahia bụ ọsọ iji ọtụtụ akwụkwọ (welara ma ọ bụ ọkọlọtọ) akara ule mmanụ. The na-eri nke kasị iche iche nke ego ozugbo ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-adabere na ahịa price kpụrụ ndị na-esonụ isi na klas:

• Dubai / Oman (Oman crude nakwa na 2007) - na-ere tumadi na Asian ahịa.
• Brent mmanụ - mined na nsotu nile nke Norway na Scotland, mee nke ọtụtụ ụdị nke ngwaọrụ. Model dịgasị iche iche bụ ndị gold ọkọlọtọ n'ihi na ịchọpụta na-eri nke mmanụ na Europe na òtù OPEC mba. Dị ka e kwuru na nke mmanụ, Brent price a kpụrụ na a anụ ụlọ ika Urals.
• West Texas Intermediate (nwekwara mara site acronym WTI) - Texas mmanụ, ndị na-eri nke a kpụrụ n'oge nke nnyefe na nchekwa akụ na Oklahoma, USA.

The mpịakọta nke a akara ule mmanụ mmepụta bụ obere tụnyere ruru, Otú ọ dị, chọpụta ndị na-eri ọtụtụ ndị ọkọnọ nke ọzọ ụdị.

Ndị na-eri ego nke akụ kwa unit olu

mmanụ ahịa n'ime akaụntụ Ọnọdụ nke ikpeazụ uru nke akụ, nke bụ nchikota nke oke na-eri - ngụkọta ego akwụ ụgwọ niile metere site na ụlọ ọrụ n'oge mmanụ mmepụta. Eri na-ekewet nke ndị na-esonụ components:

• Production-akwụ ụgwọ, ụtụ isi na ndị ọzọ na amanyere bụ iwu deductions (ego àmà site ise dollar iri kwa gbọmgbọm).
• Akwụ ụgwọ nke ngagharị na mmepe nke mmanụ ubi (dabere na mpaghara, na-akwụ ụgwọ mbio asaa na iri anọ dollar).
• Mbupu ụgwọ (bụghị mgbe niile a na-akpata sonye na akaụntụ, ma naanị ruo n'ókè dị mkpa).
• N'ihi na offshore ubi emejupụta banyere pasent iri atọ nke ngụkọta ụwa mmanụ mmepụta nwere ike n'ihu na-achọ a ndọrọ ego ọrụ mmanụ n'elu ikpo okwu.

Cost mmanụ mmepụta a na-eme atụmatụ na iri abụọ na itoolu dollars na nkezi kwa gbọmgbọm. Ole na-eri mmanụ na 2008? Na a kacha nta ọdịda nke akụ uru nke mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ akwụ otu dollar a gbọmgbọm nanị anọ, ebe na elu price ruru na-erite uru a narị dollar ma ọ bụ karịa.

Formation nke ikpeazụ price mmanụ

The ikpeazụ price nke mmanụ (table ma ọ bụ eserese maka tụnyere, dị ka a na-achị, na ọ na-egosiputa ikpeazụ uru) na-emetụta ọtụtụ ihe. Na ngụkọta oge na-ewe nke ugbu a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba, ma ihe bụ isi ekpebi na-eri nke 80-85%, bụ ruru nke ọkọnọ na ina. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ọgwụgwụ na nkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ bụ "Research nke atụmatụ nke guzobere mmanụ ahịa ...» ERI mere na Russian Academy nke Sciences.

Ya mere, ka anya na ihe bụ price mmanụ karịrị afọ. Ịtọ oge ga-egosi na ọnọdụ ahụ. Data na-nyere malite na nkera nke abụọ nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ ruo mgbe 2011. Na chaatị, site ụzọ, o doro anya hụrụ price mmanụ na 2008 - ada mfe na-akwanyere ùgwù.

The acha anụnụ anụnụ akara na-egosi uru nke akụ na United States dollar, oroma usoro na-anọchi anya larịị nke ahịa na dollar na 2015. Data tupu 1945 metụtara ndị na-eri mmanụ United States ruo 1885 na-anọchi anya na ika Arabian Light, na mgbe - ugbu ọkọlọtọ, nke Brent ọkwa akụ.

The uto nke akụ bara uru ná mmalite nke 2000s

Ọnọdụ nke ahịa, nke ezipụta mba ọkachamara, malite na nke 2000s, mgbe mmanụ ahịa ụba n'ihi na agha Iraq, larịị nke ibu ke ina, mbenata mmepụta site Indonesia, na UK na Mexico, nakwa dị ka depletion na Gulf mba. Akwusighi na Middle East emewo ka a ịrị elu price mmanụ na dollar iri kwa ụbọchị, June 6, 2008. Site July 4 Product eri ruru ihe fọrọ nke nta 144 dollar kwa barel (143.95).

The zuru ụwa ọnụ nsogbu na ida ke 2008

Ole na-eri mmanụ na 2008? The na-eri nke akụ na December 26, 2008 ruru fọrọ nke nta ka iri atọ na anọ dollar kwa gbọmgbọm. The ala price mmanụ na 2008 ruo oge dị nnọọ mkpirikpi: ugbua na okpomọkụ nke 2009, price malitere ito ọzọ.

The stabilization nke ahịa mgbe nsogbu

Mgbe mgbake si zuru ụwa ọnụ ego nsogbu (na 2010) larịị nke mmanụ ahịa Nọsi'ike. The na-eri nke a gbọmgbọm n'oge ahụ banyere iri asaa na iri asatọ na dollar. Uto maliteghachiri n'ihi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nsogbu Libya na ọkụ na refainari na United States, mgbe ahụ price malitere ada ruru ka nsogbu na European Union.

The ida nke mmanụ ahịa ruru oversupply nke ngwaọrụ

Na 2014, ego nke Brent ama esịn n'okpuru iri itoolu dollars a gbọmgbọm. Mmanụ ụgbọala ina dara, ma n'otu oge, ọ dị ihe ngafe ọkọnọ. Site na mmalite nke January 2015 na price mmanụ adawo budata. The kacha nta ozo nke 45.13 dollar kwa gbọmgbọm ọgụgụ ruru iri na atọ nke January. Ole na-eri mmanụ na 2008 na 2015 m? Nke a bụ nnọọ tụnyere egosi. Na ihe ndị na-emewo Lower ahịa, nke yiri - na eziokwu, na ọzọ ikpe, nwere a bụrụkwa mmetụta zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba.

Stabilization na ọzọ dobe na uru

N'ime otu ọnwa mgbe ọdịda na 2015, ego nke mmanụ Nọsi'ike, ma ọ bụghị n'ihi na ogologo. Quotes streamed ala na okpomọkụ nke 2016 ruru ka a ida ke ngwaahịa nke China na Iran si mara ọkwa nke atụmatụ maka ahịa na-amụba mmanụ ebupụ mgbe iwepụ sanctions. Ọzọkwa natara ozi ọma na United States na n'ọdịnihu dị nso na-aga ahọpụtakwa ọhụrụ mmepụta ike.