Otu nnyocha nke ahụ mmadụ: usoro Ọdịdị na ọrụ. Olee otú a onye

Ahụ mmadụ - a omimi, mgbagwoju usoro, nke bụ ike ọ bụghị naanị na ịrụ ahụ omume, ma na-eche, na-eche echiche. Otu nnyocha nke ahụ mmadụ na-egosi na nke asaa ijeri ndụ n'ụwa e bụ nnọọ yiri anya nke ndị mmadụ, ma na Ọdịdị nke ahụ site 99% na niile ahụ. Nature emewo ndokwa nke mere na mgbe a doro anya, na-achikota ọrụ niile akụkụ nke ndụ usoro hụ ogologo ndụ nke ahụ anyị.

Otu nnyocha nke ahụ mmadụ

Ahụ mmadụ - onye organism, ebe ihe niile akụkụ na usoro na-anya metụtara. Ihe bụ isi unit bụ cell. Site na oge ha ruru ịghọ okenye ahụ mmadụ mejupụtara nkezi nke atọ ijeri mkpụrụ ndụ. All nke ha kpụrụ ozu, merged n'ime usoro, ọ bụla nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa ná ndụ. Systems nke ahụ mmadụ:

• Obi usoro. Ọ na-agụnye capillaries, akwara, veins, obi. Isi ọrụ nke usoro a na pumping ọbara, na-anapụta ya niile akụkụ. N'akụkụ aka ekpe nke obi - "mgbapụta" maka dum, nri akụkụ nke obi muscle anapụta ọbara ngụgụ iji eme ya oxygen. Obi nwere atọ n'ígwé (myocardium, epicardium, endocardium). Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere a dị iche iche njupụta na arụmọrụ.
• Digestive usoro emeju mkpa nri na-agbanwe nri n'ime ike. Esịnede nke digestive tract: onu uji eze, na nkọlọ, afo, obere eriri afọ, colon, ikensi agwụ.
• Skin. Dị Oké Mkpa ọrụ nke ahụ mmadụ na-mgbe niile ejikọrọ na iche iche ihe ize ndụ. The akpụkpọ echebe ndị ozu na gburugburu ebe obibi, na mpụga irritants. akpụkpọ usoro mejupụtara nke anụ (gụnyere sebaceous na ajirija glands), ntutu isi, mbọ na mikromyshts na-jide ntutu isi.
• The lymphatic usoro. Isi ọrụ nke - mmanụ na iga nke Lymph ebe ahu.
• Nweekwa usoro. Ọ mejupụtara nke mmadụ ọkpụkpụ, nke ọkpụkpụ na-kwekọọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ na nkwonkwo na-akwado uru mmasị ka ọkpụkpụ site akwara. The ọmụmụ nke ahụ mmadụ na-amalite na nnyocha ahụ na ọkpụkpụ Ọdịdị. Ke ofụri ofụri, ọkpụkpụ mejupụtara 206 ọkpụkpụ.
• The ụjọ usoro. The ụjọ usoro na-eburu ahụ maka ozi na ahu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Kewara n'ime elu na etiti.
• Omumu usoro. Mgbagwoju usoro nke ahụ ahụ, bụ kpamkpam dị iche iche si na nwanyị nwoke. Maka mmekọahụ ọrụ na n'ozuzu maka ụmụ mmadụ mụta nwa.

Olee otú a onye: ọnọdụ nke ozu. isi

Ọ bụla mmadụ pụrụ iche, dị na a n'otu ebe na-arụ ọrụ ya. Na-eme ka otu nnyocha nke ahụ mmadụ, ọ dị mkpa ka mara ebe a ahụ bụ. Nke a ga-enyere zere ihe ọ bụla unan, na-ekpebi ihe ọkachamara lebara na a akpan akpan ọrịa.

Brain, ikekwe, na-anọgide na ndị kasị dị omimi na-achọpụtaghị akụkụ nke ahu. All akụkụ ahụ isiokwu a center. Bụ ụbụrụ na okpokoro isi, na-echebe na ike ọkpụkpụ nke okpokoro isi. Si ụbụrụ ofụri idem ikposa irighiri akwara, nke na-enweta usu n'ókè-otu ma ọ bụ ọzọ ihe. N'ihi ìgwè nke ụbụrụ anyị na-ahụ, na-anụ, na-eche, nkwaghari, n'ezie ibi ndụ na ka anyị na-.

ǹgụ

Onye ọ bụla kwesịrị ịma otú ndị, ebe na-emi odude isi akụkụ. Tụlee obi. Na n'ihu n'akụkụ nke n'olu, n'okpuru Adam apple, bụ a obere thyroid gland, ọ nwere ike na-akpọ a "batrị" nke ahụ anyị. Ọ bụ maka na mmepụta nke isi homonụ na-enye dum ọma-achikota ọrụ anyị akụkụ ahụ. Na afọ, na thyroid Gland na ike gbadaa ọbụna ịbụ na thoracic oghere.

The obi oghere si abdominal diaphragm ekewapụ muscular ahu. Heart ekpe, dị n'etiti nri na n'aka ekpe akpa ume, n'azụ breastbone. Light ogide a akụkụ buru ibu nke obi ebe. Ịgbatị si n'obi ha n'ọnụ, nwere a dome udi, n'azụ positioned kwupụta spain. ìhè isi ike na diaphragm muscle. Na-echebe site na ọgịrịga.

abdominal oghere

Isi esite maka inweta, na-akpakọba nri afo. Ọ na-emi odude n'okpuru diaphragm, na n'aka ekpe nke peritoneum. The azụ, dị n'okpuru afo bụ pancreas. Ọ mgbari abụba, carbohydrates, na-edozi ma na-amị glucagon na insulin - kacha mkpa homonụ.

Na nri, n'okpuru diaphragm, imeju na-emi odude. Achikota oru nke ahụ mmadụ na-adabere na nke ahu. Imeju - anyị isi iyo. Na na ala akụkụ nke imeju, na a ezumike dị gallbladder, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa nri nhazi. N'aka ekpe nke hypochondria bụ splin, ọ na-echebe anyị ahu si dị iche iche na-efe efe, nakwa dị ka ọbara na ọnwụ.

eriri afọ

Lower afo peritoneum ohere na-ji site na obere eriri afọ, na-enye a ogologo mgbagwoju anya tube. Mmalite eriri afọ nke nnukwu (cecum) - n'akụkụ aka nri. Mgbe ahụ colon peritoneum aga n'elu na ọduọ na n'aka ekpe. Cecum ezo aka odide ntụkwasị. Colon-aga n'ime a ogologo akara, na-agwụ ike - tinyekwa, site na nke wepụrụ faecal uka.

genitourinary akụkụ

Ịtụle usoro nke ahụ mmadụ, ị na-aghọta na onye ọ bụla nke ha na ya n'ụzọ dị mkpa na ọ dị mkpa. Akụrụ na-paired akụkụ nke urogenital usoro. The ekpe akụrụ na-emi odude ubé elu n'ihi ụba imeju size enịm nri. Mgbe n'elu nke ọ bụla akụrụ bụ adrenal glands. Ọrụ ha bụ nnukwu ha, ha nwere tọhapụrụ ihe karịrị iri atọ homonụ kpọmkwem n'ime n'ọbara. Si n'okpuru, na pelvis, urinary eriri afo odude. Ndị ikom n'azụ ya - agbapụ vesicles, eriri afọ. The inyom - ikpu, na ala - uru nke pelvic n'ala. Abụọ obere glands - ovaries na-edina na pelvic uji eze, na ncherita-iru n'akụkụ nke akpanwa, ụdọ mmasị na ya. Na ndị mmadụ, testes (testicles) emi odude ke scrotum, nke na-ewepụtara ya. N'okpuru ebe a na eriri afo - prostate gland.

cell

Na-enye otu nnyocha nke ahụ mmadụ, na akpa ebe anyị na-etinye onu. Ọ bụ kasị nta bughi na ọtọ unit. Ahụ mmadụ - karịa abụọ na narị abụọ na ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ, onye ọ bụla nke nwere ya Ọdịdị, ọtọ Ọdịdị. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle izugbe Ọdịdị nke atụmatụ, ọ bụ otu ihe ahụ. Shei, na cytoplasm na ntọala - na isi mmiri nke ọ bụla cell. The casing Nleta a glycocalyx na plasmalemma. Na cytoplasm na organelles iche hyaloplasm.

The cell mgbidi na-enye a ihe nnabata ọrụ, nhọrọ permeability, nyefe nke eletriki na chemical n'ókè, ekewapụ intercellular umi nke protoplasm.

Isi Njirimara nke mkpụrụ ndụ na ọrụ dị mkpa bụ ogwe, metabolism, mmeputakwa, ịka nká, ọnwụ.

Metabolism emee nọgidere. The cell bụ mgbe niile na-agụnye dị iche iche bekee abuana ke ike na plastic metabolism na-ewepụtara na mmiri mee, kwes ume tọhapụrụ.

The cell bụ ike zaghachi iche iche esịtidem na mpụga stimuli. Zaa Ụdị - excitability, a na-ejikọta ya na cell akpụkpọ ahụ ụgwọ.

Onye ọ bụla cell nwere ya ndụ okirikiri. Kwa ụbọchị, ndị mmadụ bụ banyere 1-2% nke mkpụrụ ndụ-anwụ n'ihi nke ịka nká na ẹkedori ọhụrụ, usoro bụ na-aga n'ihu.

akwa

Cloth bụ a collection nke mkpụrụ ndụ, intercellular bekee nwere a nkịtị Ọdịdị, ọrụ, malite. Na ụmụ mmadụ, e nwere ebe anọ iche iche nke anụ ahụ:

• Epithelial anụ ahụ. Dabere na ectodermal si malite, ngwa ngwa regenerating, nwere a kacha nta nke intercellular umi, ọ dịghị ọbara arịa, na-emi odude na n'okpuru ala akpụkpọ ahụ. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke epithelium: otu - ewepụghị, cylindrical, cubic, ciliated epithelium, multi - stratum, neorogovevayuschy, glandular epithelium.
• Connective anụ ahụ. Ọ na-abịa si mesodamụ. Cell udi bụ iche iche, mepụtara intercellular umi. Ịmata Ọdịiche eriri - a rụrụ anụ ahụ, na ok anụ ahụ, cartilage, ọkpụkpụ, abụba, Lymph, ọbara. Hematopoietic anụ ahụ na-aghọ nke onye njikọ.
• Akwara anụ ahụ. Ọ nwere Njirimara ojuju na obi ụtọ. Dị iche iche skeletal striated, gbasara obi striated, ire ụtọ.
• Ụjọ anụ ahụ. Ihe kacha mkpa Njirimara - excitability na conductivity. Anụ ahụ nke ectodermal si malite, na-anọchite anya glia na akwara ozi.

System, ngwa ọrụ

N'ihi ya, anyị na-enyocha Ọdịdị na ọrụ nke ahụ mmadụ. Anyị generalize pụta na-ewetara ihe nile ọrụ nke onye usoro n'ụdị a table.

Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, na mmadụ - a holistic ike usoro, ya akpan akpan Ọdịdị.