Pasternak Leonid Osipovich: eserese, biography

Ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla maara na nna nke ama Russian na-ede uri na onye dere Boris Pasternak dokwara nkà onye, ya bụ onye na-ese Pasternak Leonid Osipovich. Banyere ọrụ ya ga-atụle n'isiokwu a.

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Young artist Pasternak Leonid Osipovich (1862-1945 - afọ nke ndụ), bụ onye aha-ada ka Avrum Itshok Leib, toro a n'ezinụlọ dara ogbenye na Odessa. Future nkà ese bụ ọdụdụ nwa nke ụmụ isii. The nwata anya malitere igosi creativity. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị na ndị doro anya talent nke nwa ha, nne na nna na-achọ ijide Leni ahuhu enweghị ịnụ ọkụ n'obi. Ma, na-eto eto na-ese ahapụghị ọmụmụ ke art akwụkwọ. Akụziri ezi nkà nwa okorobịa nọgidere mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke na-emega ahụ. Mgbe Leonid họọrọ dị ka ọpụrụiche ọgwụ azụmahịa, ọ bụ ihe yiri ya na mahadum ọmụmụ jikọtara na ịga na studio nwe E. Sorokina. Ọzọkwa, ọmụmụ na ọpụrụiche nyere n'ọdịnihu artist ohere juputara enyocha e ji mara nke ahụ mmadụ, ya specificity na ije na statics.

N'ihu ọmụmụ nwe nakweere ọbụna ihe na-atụghị anya n'aka. Na iri abụọ na otu afọ Leonid na mberede gbanwere ọrụ ya na-aga ọmụmụ ya na ngalaba. Otú ọ dị, a dị mkpa ọchịchọ bụ adịghị n'elu, na mgbe naanị a obere oge, ọ hapụrụ obodo ya ma gaa na-agbalị ha akara aka na Germany.

Ibi ná mba ọzọ

Edozi na Munich, Pasternak Leonid Osipovich nọrọ ọtụtụ semesters amụ sere na Royal Academy nke Ọma Arts. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ na ndụ nke ndị nna ha ukwu me nne ya a ma ama Russian artist Serov, nke n'oge ahụ haziri a gburugburu. Nke a nzukọ aghọwo a dị ịrịba ama maka Pasternak ezinụlọ, na maka Serov ezinụlọ. Leonid Osipovich maara na nwanyị a bụ mmalite nke ogologo oge enyi n'etiti ọtụtụ ọgbọ.

mbụ n'akwụkwọ

N'oge nnọkọ, na-ese n'ihi na ụfọdụ oge laghachi Odessa, ebe ọ mbụ e bipụtara ọrụ ya na magazin na-atọ ọchị agwa. Ndị a bụ ndị osise, cartoons, osise, osise. Ole mgbe e mesịrị kwuputa na artist onwe ya Maksim Gorky, na a oge Pasternak weghaara mbụ, dị ka onye dere ya, "tramp" na Russian akwụkwọ.

Na nke a ọzụzụ nna ukwu ahụ akwụsịghị n'ebe ahụ. Mgbe m gụsịrị na University of Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, Biography nke nweela ọzọ dị mkpa ihe, o jere ozi dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo. Ọbụna n'oge agha ya ọrụ, ọ dịghị mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ime osise na obere drawings. Ebe ọ kpụrụ ede akwụkwọ si style.

Personal ndụ

Na obodo nke Pasternak Leonid Osipovich zutere Roza Kaufman, ihe incredibly nkà pianist. Ugbua na 1889 ndị hụrụ lụrụ ma kwaga ebi Moscow. E Rose nyere otu egwu mgbe ọzọ, na Leonid je polenovskim gburugburu.

Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, nwunye lụrụ ọhụrụ mụrụ nwa nwoke mbụ. Ọ bụ ya na onye mechara ghọọ a ma ama Russian na-ede uri. Ọ bụ Boris Pasternak. Mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, di na nwunye nwere nwa, Alexander, bụ onye ghọrọ a ọma-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ.

Na mgbakwunye na ụmụ nwoke na ezinụlọ Pasternak na ndị ngosi mmekọahụ. Na 1990 na-eto eto na-ese ada, Josephine, mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, nwunye mm hụrụ n'anya Rosa nyere nwunye ya Lydia. Ya na ụmụ ya Pasternak ewepụtara a iche iche gallery. Na ndị a canvases weghaara niile anya na ịhụnanya nke ezinụlọ efọk, emi kpasiri-eto eto na di na nwunye.

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The ịrịba ama na-eto eto na-ese na 1889 ọ ọnụ ọchị chioma ọzọ, na onye mbụ a na foto nke nna ukwu, "Letter na motherland" aka ekedep a na-akwanyere ùgwù mkpoko Pavel Tretyakov. Ọ bụ ihe ịga nke ọma afọ maka Pasternak. Mgbe ihe ngosi nke ihe osise nke onye na-ese aha bụ ruo mgbe ebighị ebi rapaara na a par na ya ọ na-erughị ama dịkọrọ ndụ.

Mgbe dara ụda mmeri Moscow ọha connoisseurs nke sere Pasternak Leonid Osipovich ghọrọ-ewu ewu n'etiti nka nke oge. Ọ malitere imekota na dịkarịa ala mara site na-anakọta na nka. Ọzọkwa, onye na-ese ya onwe ya malitere inye ihe novice ese. Ya mere, ọbụna Ilya Repin zitere maka ọmụmụ Pasternak-eto eto ụmụ akwụkwọ. Mgbe e mesịrị, ukwu malitere inye onwe ihe na Moscow. Ịhụ ihe ịga nke ọma, o kpebiri, ya na enyi ya, onye na-ese Stemberg oghe onye ọzụzụ studio isere. Na-arụ ọrụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ Pasternak eguzobewo onwe ya dị ka a na-aga n'ihu artist na onye ozizi. N'ihi ya, ezi ihe, ọ bụghị nanị na-akụziri ụmụ akwụkwọ ihe ndị bụ isi nke ezi nkà na agụmakwụkwọ ịbịaru, ma na-egosi ọhụrụ na-eto eto, na onye ọ bụla na-mbụ na-eji ụzọ. All a-nwe-mụtara tupu mgbe ọzụzụ na Germany. N'ihi ya, Russian art nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọrọ usoro kwupụta a European.

The ọrụ na magazin

Ebe ọ bụ na 1890, Leonid Osipovich n'okpuru patronage nke Russian dere, na-ede na nta akụkọ Fedora Sologuba na-aghọ ndị art nchịkọta akụkọ nke magazin ọhụrụ "Artist". Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, Pasternak were jikwaa n'akwụkwọ nke ọrụ nke Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova ji ihe atụ. Nke a collection nke artist na-abụghị nanị mma maka ihe atụ ya, ma nyere ya ohere na-arụ ọrụ ọzọ nkà ma na-erughị maara nke ọma nka. Otu n'ime ha na ọ bụghị nnọọ ama n'oge ahụ, ma ọ na-erughị nkà nke a Mikhail Vrubel.

Ke adianade na-arụ ọrụ na ubi nke oru ndi, nwe-ịga nke ọma sere. Na 1892 na-ede Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, "n'oké e kere eke." The nkiri ghọrọ a dị ịrịba ama na akụ nke na-ese.

Ịmepụta osise

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na Leonid Osipovich Pasternak a maara dị ka a na-ese, a akụkụ buru ibu nke ya nkà nketa ka osise.

Ọbụna a na ụdị ezi nkà artist gụnyere onwe ya otutu echiche. Ndị kasị dị ịrịba ikpehe Pasternak si osise bụ na nna ya ukwu na-abụghị nanị ẹwụtde na na, ma na-rịọrọ ndị n'ime ụwa gosiri. Na ya eserese, na-ese chọrọ igosi na ihe ahụ agwa ẹwụtde ọnọdụ, mmetụta uche ya, na-eru uju, ọnọdụ swings. Pasternak dere impressionistic style. ike karịa ihe ndị kasị apụta ìhè n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na a ịke nwere ike ekewet niile artist ọrụ, mgbe niile, ọ bụ na ndị osise nke a onwunwe.

International ịga nke ọma

Pasternak wee na-ịzụlite dị ka onye ọkà nkụzi na nweela a itie ke School of Arts na 1894. N'otu oge ahụ, Pasternak ghọrọ ndị nkụzi na ndị ọzọ eminent nna ukwu, n'etiti ha Serov, Nikolai Kasatkin na K. Korovin. Site na ha na-eme na ubi nke ezi ihe, ụlọ akwụkwọ na-otu n'ime ndị kasị elu bụghị naanị na Russia, ma, ọbụna na-ama ama ná mba ọzọ. Young uchu nkụzi, ndị ọtụtụ n'ime ha na e gụrụ akwụkwọ ná mba ọzọ, na-ewebata ọhụrụ ụkpụrụ na-akụziri art. Ke adianade do, otu a ka ndị nkụzi osude ọmụmụ maka general akụziri. Ya mere, Vasiliy Klyuchevsky ghọrọ a nkụzi nke Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme. Mgbe e mesịrị, Leonid Osipovich weghara ya na otu nke ya osise. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na akwụkwọ abụghị n'efu-ahụ onwe ha oké ama: ihe nsọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị nkụzi nke ụmụ akwụkwọ mesịrị ghọọ oké nwe. N'etiti ha bụ ndị dị otú ahụ a ma ama na-ese dị ka Gerasimov, Konchalovsky, Krymov, Shcherbakov na ndị ọzọ.

Otú ọ dị, na nke a na ọ bụghị nanị Slava Pasternaka. Na 1894, "Na eve nke ule," a na foto nke artist merie ndị mbụ na-agbata n'ọsọ na mba ngosi na Munich. Ọ na a zụọ 1890 maka mma nke Luxembourg Museum kpọmkwem site ihe ngosi na Paris.

Mgbe dị a ịga nke ọma bụ ebe ezi uche ina creativity Pasternak. Ugbua na 1901, na Luxembourg Museum nyere ọtụtụ maara nke ọma n'oge ahụ ágbá, tinyere Leonid Osipovich,-egosi ngosi Russian ndụ. Pasternak dere otu n'ime ya kasị ama kere, nke zuru okè na foto nke "Tolstoy ya na ezinụlọ ya." Ọ toro ọbụna Duke George Alexandrovich, na-ekiri ihe ngosi "World of Art".

Mgbe e mesịrị Pasternak n'onwe ya bụ onye nchoputa nke Russian art n'obodo Düsseldorf. Mgbe oge ya ná mba ọzọ nwe fruitfully eji ekenyela oge na gara Mediterranean n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Mgbe ke Italy, onye na-ese mere ọtụtụ osise nke Okirikiri.

Life n'èzí n'ala nna

N'oge ihe ndị mere 1905, Leonid Osipovich dum afọ bụ na Berlin. Na-enwe mmasị ya a ọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nwere na-kwụsịrị n'ihi na ụlọ akwụkwọ e mechiri. N'oge a, Pasternak wee akụkụ ke ọtụtụ European ngosi, gụnyere Berlin. Ke ukem, nna ukwu ahụ na-ese n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị mba ọzọ ndị ahịa.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1912, mgbe ọgwụgwọ Roses Pasternak na Kissingen na na Pisa, ndị ukwu malitere ya nnukwu kwaaji "Ekele." Dị ka echiche, umu bịara ime na ndị mụrụ ha 'onyinye ọlaọcha ncheta agbamakwụkwọ, dị ka ha na onye na-ese e sere. Leonid Osipovich Pasternak okokụre ya sere n'afọ 1914. Ọ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma.

N'oge a, nna ukwu biri na Moscow. Ọ bụ ebe a na dere Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, "Ihe Osise nke nwa" - otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ama nke ndị o kere eke.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1921. Pasternak biri na Berlin. N'agbanyeghị arịa ọrịa na ahụ ike na isi n'ọhụụ, o chere na a anya nke okike agha na dere n'oge a na usoro nke osise nke ama ama mmadụ, n'etiti ha Albert Einstein, R. M. Rilke na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Na 1924, ọ nọ na ụlọ ọrụ na enyi wee a njem Egypt na Palestine. N'oge njem, Pasternak dere a usoro nke amamiihe osise.

Mgbe oge nke ọdịdọ nke ike ndị Nazi, ọtụtụ ndị na-ese na ọrụ n'ihu ọha ọkụ, na ihe ngosi ndị a machibidoro iwu. Na nke a, na mbubreyo zitere, Pasternak kwagara London, ebe o dere a na usoro nke eserese, ekemende kpọfere British Museum. Obere oge mgbe ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, nna ukwu agabigawo na Oxford.

N'oge, ndị ọgaranya nketa nke onye na-ese na-na ọtụtụ n'ime ụwa kasị ama ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, gụnyere Tretyakov Gallery na Moscow. O siri ike na-amata na onyinye mere na Russian na ụwa art Leonid Osipovich Pasternak. nwe eserese ka ogide a ebe nke nsọpụrụ na mba ngosi.