"Peony" ogbunigwe. Nchịkọta 2S7 "pion" 203 mm - onwe-propelled egbe

Mgbe Winter Agha na 1939, ọ bịara doo anya na ndị agha na-oké mkpa maka ike onwe-propelled akụrụngwa nke ahụ nwere ike inwe ya ike ịga n'elu ike ike teren ka onye iro isi nke na eze ozugbo gaba mbibi nke ikpeazụ e wusiri ike ebe. World a conjecture akpatre enen.

Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ nke dị iche iche iche iche nke onwe onye na-propelled egbe mgbe agha bụ kama shaky: mgbe speculated banyere mkpa ngụkọta mkpochapu ụdị ngwá na re-ngwá ọrụ nke ndị agha na ọhụrụ ụdị arọ tankị.

Ọ dabara nke ọma, nke a adịghị eme, kama n'ihi na njedebe nke 60s ndị Soviet agha na-emepụta ngwa ngwa malitere a kpam kpam ọhụrụ onwe-propelled egbe. Ya mere, e a fundamentally dị iche iche egbe ala ogbunigwe. "Peony" bụ ezigbo ihe atụ nke na-agbanwe agbanwe na-ebute ụzọ nke Soviet iwu.

isi ozi

Ya mere na-akpọ onwe-propelled ogbunigwe echichi nke Soviet mmepụta, onwem na egbe, 203,2 mm (2A44). Ọ e tinyere n'ime ọrụ ke 1976. Mgbe afọ asaa gasịrị, na 1983, ndị modernization nke igwe e rụrụ. N'ihi ya mmepe zukoro N. S. Popov na Mr. I. Sergeev, ekele amamihe nke pụtara "peony". ACS ka ogologo masịrị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ agha, na-azọpụta ha n'aka ọkụ ọkụ nzọụkwụ.

Gịnị bụ?

The agha ozizi nke USSR n'ihi na a nyere ofu echichi na-esonụ aga-eme:

• Mbibi nke mines Intercontinental agba, na suppression nke ogbunigwe, ngwa agha batrị nke onye iro.
• Mkpochapu nke ogologo oge bunkers na ndị ọzọ na e wusiri ike nke onye iro.
• Suppression nke onye iro ozu, tinyere na ya backcourt.
• Mbibi nke nnukwu Mkpokota nke manpower.

Ruo taa, a ACS a na-ewere ndị kasị dị ike na ya na klas. Mgbe ọ natara Soviet ogbunigwe? "Peony" wee malite na 1967.

History nke e kere eke

Mgbe ahụ Ministry of Defense Industry agbala a iwu ọhụrụ, nke nyere iwu ka mmalite nke ọrụ na mmepe na e kere eke nke a kpam kpam ọhụrụ ogbunigwe usoro crawler. Ọ na-e chere na ACS ga-eji na-ebibi onye iro na-azara ọnụ na omimi, na decommissioning nke ụlọ ọrụ maka launching Intercontinental ballistic agba. The ndị na-emepụta nyere okwu nke akwụkwọ, nke nyere na echichi bụ ọkụ dịkarịa ala na a anya nke 25 kilomita. N'ihi ya, "peony" - ACS ahụkebe ọgụ ike.

Ebe ọ bụ na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ e nyere "na ebere" by engineer, ọtụtụ CB ozugbo nyere ha variants:

• Ya kwesŽrŽ na-eji egbe C-23 (180 mm caliber) ọnụ na Chassis nke tank T-55. Firing nso nke 30 kilomita ọ bụ isiokwu na ngwa nke ot shells ugboelu-enye gị ohere ọkụ ugbua na 45 km. Nke a prototype e wepụtara "pion-1."
• Ọ na-zubere iji egbe C-72, ma na a pụrụ iche crawler, mepụtara kpọmkwem maka ọhụrụ echichi. Na nke a, na mbụ shei ọ ga-ekwe omume ọkụ na 35 kilomita, a ugboelu - 45 kilomita.
• Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara kwuru n'ụsọ oké osimiri egbe mu-1 (180 mm nlele), na Chassis nke ọrụ maka nke ọzọ "matchmaker" Chassis tank T-55.
• Kirov Plant Engineers (Leningrad) kweere na ọ kasị mma na-203 mm caliber egbe ala na wụnye ya na wheelhouse na T-64 tank Chassis (ọhụrụ n'oge nke igwe). Bu n'obi iji kwadebe a egbe adụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, nke ga-budata belata anaghị achọ na ụba n'ụzọ ziri ezi.

mkpebi n'ikpeazụ

The arụmụka kemgbe ogologo, onwe-propelled ogbunigwe usoro, "peony" bụ kwa ọhụrụ na ọhụrụ na anụ ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ. Na na njedebe nke 1969, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwetara na caliber nke 203 mm kwekọrọ na nke kacha mma jụrụ ọhụrụ ACS aga-eme. na Chassis nke T-64 (rụrụ ke conning-ulo-elu) na Chassis "jụrụ 429" na-emeghe n'onwe: N'oge na-adịghị na ikpe nke State Commission abụọ nhọrọ adade. Best gosiri a abụọ nhọrọ, n'ihi na ọ ma nye "green ìhè" maka n'ihu mmepe. E kpebiri kụziere n'ihu ọrụ kwupụta ihe e kere eke nke ngwaọrụ, nke nwere ike imeghe ọku ot shells na 32 km, na ugboelu - 42 km.

Na 1971, Grau enye emelitere chọrọ mepụtara ACS. Ọ na-e chere na nwụnye ga-eji gbaa si howitzer B-4. N'oge ahụ, kpebiri na kacha firing nso nke ot shells kwesịrị na iji nke 35 km, na nke kacha nta - 8.5 km. Mere mgbọ nwere kụrụ a lekwasịrị na a anya nke ruo 43 km. Isi ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmepe, a họpụtara ndị Kirov Plant na Leningrad.

Development nke ogbunigwe unit e kenyere na G. I. Sergeevym. Ụlọ ọrụ ya kwụsịrị na oge gboo atụmatụ ngwá egwú, ma ọkachamara chọrọ ịgbanwe ya Ọdịdị mkpa. The isi mma - ogwe aghọwo collapsible, modular imewe. Ọ gụnyere a free ọjà, breech plọg na couplings. Dị otú ahụ egbe atụmatụ nyere a nkà engineer gunsmith A. A. Kolokoltsev ná mmalite 70s.

Ya mere, o kpebiri na nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ nke oge a na ogbunigwe systems, budata mbenata wear n'oge kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ firing. Mgbe ọ na-abịa classic egbe, nke na-mere nke onye-ibe ụkpụrụ, mgbe ahụ, ịrụzi ha akaụntụ zigara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, n'oge nke oge igwe bụ na-abaghị uru, na na ọgụ ọnọdụ bụ adịghị anakwere. N'ihe banyere iji Kolokoltseva atụmatụ fọrọ nke nta niile mmebi nwere ike ofu kpọmkwem n'ime n'ihu mpaghara.

Na 1975, onwe onye na-propelled egbe "peony" ọma gafere niile obodo ule, mgbe ahụ, ozugbo malitere ya uka mmepụta. Final nzukọ (na mmepụta nke Chassis) e rụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nke Kirov factory. ọhụrụ "peony" e mepụtara na ngwụsị afọ ndị 1970. Self-propelled ogbunigwe unit na 203-millimeter egbe ala 2A44 natara akwụkwọ ozi "M" na aha. Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị a n'ala mmepe: a ngwá ọrụ ọhụrụ bu n'obi awụnyere na warships.

Ngo bụ a akụọla afọ n'ala ikwu nabata ka nsoro management bụ afọ ojuju na ụfọdụ imewe atụmatụ.

Design atụmatụ

The igwe eku bụ mara mma pụrụ iche na udi, bụ dịtụ yiri nke oké ọhịa skidders. Ndị dị otú ahụ a-enwe na-kere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụlọ ọrụ e si anya n'ihu. Ke adianade ya kpọmkwem ọrụ, ọ na-ekere òkè nke a arọ counterweight, nke na-enyere aka ịnagide ezigbo ike anaghị achọ. Na ya bụ onye agha, ọchịagha na-akwọ ụgbọala. Na anụ ụlọ na-eme, abụọ oyi akwa agha mbụ ji mee ihe maka mmepụta nke ACS Chassis, nke na-enye ezigbo nchebe nke butere obere ogwe aka ọkụ anya, na ọbụna igwe egbe.

The engine (V ekara B-46-1) emi odude ozugbo n'azụ tagzi. Behind ya bụ ebe a na-na ngụkọta oge nke sistemụ arụmọrụ. The mbanye wheel mere ndokwa na n'ihu. Eduzi wiil, na mgbakwunye na ya bụ isi ọrụ, nwekwara ịrụ ọrụ counter, idobe n'ala n'iru firing. Ke adianade do, iji belata ihe nke dị ike anaghị achọ egbe nyere na coulters onwe ya. N'ihi na a ngwa ngwa "ala" nke igwe n'elu ala e a usoro nke entrenchment. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na-efu nke onwe ẹdude haịdrọlik actuators.

Opener maka entrenchment e mere ka a dozer agụba. Ọ nwere ike na-gwuru n'ime ala 70 sentimita. Kwụsie ike na-mma, ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na ndu wiil, kamakwa site haịdrọlik ujo absorbers ndu rollers crawler Chassis. Mgbe chụọ n'ọrụ na a belatara ụgwọ, nakwa dị ka kpọmkwem ọkụ opener na-bụchaghị zie. Otú ọ dị, 203 mm "peony" na-arụpụta dị ike nke ukwuu shot na kwesịrị ime otú ahụ nanị n'okwu nke a na mberede nzukọ na onye-iro.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ dị ka a "igbe", kewara site partitions n'ime anọ isi zones: a ebe ike osisi na-achịkwa modul, ndepụta na ohere maka ngụkọta oge. The engine ogige abụghị naanị isi moto, ma nọrọ na njikere ike unit. Na AFT ogige buru mapụtara batrị, Mkpọ nke idobere ngwaahịa nke manu na mgbọ onwe onye iji chebe onwe oru ugbo. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ike ike esereese nke "peony".

Chassis

Ọ mejupụtara nke n'ihu wheel (top) track ala na ego nke asaa di na nwunye, nakwa dị ka isii na abụọ nke rollers support. N'ihi na ọnụego mgbanwe kwụsie ike na-na n'azụ ndu wiil. Larvae anakọtara site na iji roba adabere. On onwe ha nkwusioru onwem na ike haịdrọlik ujo absorbers. Ọ dị ịrịba ama na ọtụtụ n'ime Chassis e biiri na ọhụrụ n'oge nke T-80. Otú ọ dị, n'ibu nnyefe e si Nizhny Tagil T-72.

atụmatụ ngwaọrụ

Dị ka anyị na-ama kwuru, ọ na-n'ịnyịnya na na aru nke ulo-elu ahu. Ọ 2A44 egbe ala n'elu a oke swivel. egbe ahu arọ bụ 14,6 m. gụnyere shutter (pistin ụdị, ga-emepe elu), gbọmgbọm ku n'aka na odori ngwaọrụ, usoro, quenching rollback. Maka n'ọnụ n'usoro na-eweli ngwaọrụ alaghachi emenyu abụọ pneumatic counterbalancing ụdị usoro. Gbọmgbọm ngwá agha emechi okpomọkụ diffusing cover.

Ma isi atụmatụ nke egbe bụ na nke a. N'agbanyeghị na-akwa arịrị na ike nke ogbugba, anụ ụlọ ndị ọkachamara na-họọrọ ịhapụ ojiji nke a Ekechila ọnụ breeki, na-eche ike alaghachi n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ nsogbu. O mewo ka o kwe omume na-ahapụ arọ na keukwu ngwaọrụ iji chebe arụ ọrụ si ujo efegharị efegharị shot, ebe ndị dị otú ahụ ngwá bụ ntakiri. Site n'ụzọ, nke a bụ nanị echichi nke ya ụdị, nke nwere a Russian ogbunigwe. "Peony" na nke a bụ ihe pụrụ iche na zuru ụwa ọnụ okwu.

mgwo agha ngụkọta oge

Maka nzube nke a kwe omume onwe-arụ ọrụ na burugodị dị otú ahụ set: MPADS ( "agịga" ma ọ bụ "Willow" na ugbu n'onwe), na RPG-7 (ma ọ bụ ihe RPG-29), ọtụtụ grenade F-1, anọ AKMS-74 na a njali elu egbe. Na a ọgụ ọnọdụ ngụkọta oge nwere ike ogwe aka n'elu-emekarị. N'ihi ya, "peony" (203 mm) - a onwe-propelled egbe nke nwere ike ilekọta onwe ha na ihe ọ bụla ọnọdụ.

shutter usoro

Agbapụ shutter usoro - mmetụta ụdị. Mechanical mbanye na-enye ohere ka kpamkpam machiini Filiks nke oghere na-emechi ndị shutter (na na ngụkọta oge nwere ike rụrụ aka ma ọ dị mkpa). Ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nkọwa nke a ngwaọrụ bụ nnọọ arọ, ndị ọkachamara abuana ke imewe nke irè egbe guzozie ngwaọrụ. Firing usoro a na-onwem na a pụrụ iche magazine nke na-emi odude na firing Capsule ebubo.

Shot pụrụ mere ma site na otu electric shutter (nkịtị mode) na a lanyard (atụghị ọnọdụ), nke a na-onwem na "peony". Self-propelled ogbunigwe unit, Otú ọ dị, nwere ọtụtụ ihe ike gbaa na-eji ike ụdọ adịghị atụ aro na-egwu ya.

Iji nke loading na firing

Egbe ala manned site ọkara akpaka loading usoro ọrụ site haịdrọlik actuators. Adịbeghị anya kwere odori fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla ọnọdụ nke gbọmgbọm, nke dị oké mkpa maka usoro nke a size na caliber. The dum usoro a na-achịkwa otu n'ime ime obodo. Nchaji usoro bụ dị ka ndị:

• Akpa, na bolt-etinye a shei.
• Mgbe ọ nọ na-enịm eweli ụgwọ.
• Si n'elu-e kwuru Capsule magazine e okpu na aka etinyere n'ime ụgwọ.
• Shutter emechi.
• Mgbe shot na-eji Capsule tube na-ejected na-akpaghị aka.

N'ihi na ala nke mgbọ si n'ala eji a pụrụ iche n'aka ụgbọala maka shells. Ọ mejupụtara a ike ogbe na mbughari ndina. The ikpeazụ a na-ewepụ si eku ikwado àjà nke shells na chaja ụlọ. Na ngwa ngwa mgbe, i nwere ike n'aka-ebu ha iji belata Nchaji oge. Rịba ama na udia shells si n'ala na-achọ dịkarịa ala isii ndị mmadụ na-adabere na nke igwe "pion" (203 mm). Self-propelled egbe 2S7 kwesịrị a ukwuu oke projectiles, ọrụ ahụ bụ oké ike.

Sighting usoro na-anọchi anya a n'ibu nlereanya D726-45 n'onwe, Ntuziaka Nne na Nna-1M egbe pan, na ihe ngwa anya sighting ngwaọrụ OP4M-99A. N'ihi na nke kacha mma nnara eji ogbunigwe collimator K-1, nakwa dị ka milestone Nọdụ 13-11 na ngwa ọkụ ebe "Luch-S71M" (ọ na-eji Russian ogbunigwe). "Peony" nwere ike dokwara ọma ga-eji dị ka a mechiri emechi ọnọdụ, nakwa site na nke kpọmkwem ọkụ na onye iro ebe. Otú ọ dị, e nyere ala nche ntọala na-adịghị nye ndụmọdụ a.

Mgbọ na égbè ụdịdị

Dị ka anyị kwuru, ihe-agbapụ onwe-propelled egbe "peony" na-eji a iche iche loading projectiles. Achụpụ ụgwọ juru n'ọnụ ke containers linen na echekwara na a kara akara ngwugwu. N'ezie, na ha nchekwa kwesịrị-ege ntị na (unsurprisingly). Standard mgbọ mejupụtara 40 agba, na na 4-6 nke ha na-ebu na-alụ ọgụ ogige onwe-propelled.

Ha bụ "mberede idobere", na-eji ha na ọ dị mkpa na oké ikpe. Ndị fọdụrụ gbaa na-ebu on a iga ụgbọ ala, nke "onwem na" onye ọ bụla "peony" (203 mm). Self-propelled egbe 2S7 ama oke oke na arọ, nke mere na a dị iche na ha dị mkpa.

Rate nke 1.5 gbaa kwa nkeji (kacha). Producer na-enye ọtụtụ ekwe omume égbè ụdịdị:

• N'ime nkeji ise, ọ ga-mere banyere asatọ gbaa.
• Nkeji iri - 15 gbaa.
• N'ime 20 nkeji - 24 salvo.
• N'ihi na ọkara otu awa - 30 gbaa (impracticable na ubi ọnọdụ, ọ na-achọ ndị kasị elu ọzụzụ nke ngụkọta oge).
• Otu hour - 40 volleys.

Iji mepụta agha arụmọrụ n'abalị onwe-propelled egbe 2S7 "pion" na-onwem na abụọ abalị ọhụụ nlereanya TVNE-4B. Maka nkwurịta okwu na redio R-123, maka ígwè okwu intercom na-eji 1V116 ika ojii. Iji melite survivability nke onwe onye na-propelled egbe n'ọgbọ agha, e nwere ndị nọ na imewe: echichi nke akpaka ọku emenyụ ngwaọrụ ikuku filtration na ventilashion deactivation usoro, nke n'oge ahụ malitere ga-etinyere na nile nke ọhụrụ Soviet tankị. Arụ ọrụ ụfọdụ nkasi obi oyi ọnọdụ na-kere iji kpo oku usoro.

Na ngụkọta, na-arụ ọrụ nke ACS agụnye 14 ndị mmadụ ozugbo. Ọzọkwa, nanị ọkara nke ha bụ kpọmkwem ngụkọta oge nke echichi. The ike nke ndị mmadụ gụnyere ke software otu, na na-eme njem na-dị na azụ nke a ụgbọala ma ọ bụ ihe armored pesonel ụgbọelu, nke transports munitions, na ha na-eji "peony". Self-propelled ogbunigwe unit anaghị mmadụ na mberede na-achọ a iche iche iga maka mgbọ.

mgbọ

onye ọ bụla projectile uka nke 110 kilogram. Ogologo - kpọmkwem otu mita. Nchaji a rụrụ iji a pụrụ iche Nchaji usoro, nke na ịrụ ọrụ dị n'akụkụ aka nri nke bolt egbe. The ọkachamara na-agwọ ndị na ọkọnọ nke shei anamde a na ime site n'ime ime obodo akara.

Ọ maara na ndị ogbunigwe ( "peony") nwere ike iji dị nnọọ atọ ụdị mgbọ: ot (elu-agbawa agbawa edinam), roket na nuclear. Ike nwere ike adịru ihe karịrị 2 KT (dịghị ezi data). Nuclear akụ ụta, site ụzọ, bụ "na-akpọ kaadị", nke e ji Russian ogbunigwe. "Peony" na burugodị na pụrụ iche gbaa maka agbasa ihe e wusiri ike na chemical warheads.

N'etiti elu-agbawa agbawa na a agha nhọrọ a rụrụ na tupu ọgụ were, dị ka ọnọdụ. Na echiche nke nnukwu ike egbe gbaa abụọ isi ụdị nwere ike ji mee ihe maka mbibi nke dị ike wusiri ike, nke mere na pụrụ iche bunkers iwepụ ebubo na-ekpe ejibeghi.

Otú ọ dị, ha maa ekwesịghị "dere anya". Chegodị ụdị projectile na see lekwasịrị na a ọsọ nke karịa Mach 2! Ọ na-adị mfe penetrates ọbụna nnọọ oké mgbidi niile ndị e wusiri ike, nakwa dị ka mgbidi silos na Intercontinental ballistic agba, nke na-adịghị na-na-emebu ogbunigwe. "Peonies", si otú, bụ oké ike na vasatail ụdị ngwá agha.

Ihe ụfọdụ dị mkpa

Ngwá agha nuklia ike ga-eji naanị (!) Na ikike nke Kasị Elu Command. Ha na-ada na ọnọdụ nke batrị na pụrụ iche gwongworo, na niile n'ụzọ ụgbọala na-echebe site na ihe iduga. Military ozizi -agụnye iji ihe shells maka zuru mkpochapu karịsịa nnukwu onye iro kasịnụ na mbibi nke ya ulo oru emmepe.

Ma chemical agba, mgbe ahụ, ha na-now kpam kpam machibidoro mkpa UN nyere iwu. Ọ bụ mma ikwu na taa, na-agba ndị dị otú ahụ mgbọ bụ fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume, n'ihi na ha ebuka e n'ụzọ zuru ezu tinye n'ọrụ.

N'oge, ndị agha Russia nwere ihe abụọ na nsụgharị nke a igwe na-eje ozi. Ndị a bụ ndị na-esonụ ụdị: Nchịkọta 2S7 "pion", 2S7M "Malka". 203 mm onwe-propelled egbe na ma umu bụ nnọọ ize ndụ ngwá agha, nke bụ ike ịnapụta ndị nwere onye iro a ọtụtụ nsogbu.