Positivism na Sociology

Positivism na sociology mbụ bụ direction, nke nwere mepere emepe na XIX narị afọ. Ya kachasi mkpa idu ke guzobere a usoro ihe ọhụrụ nke ihe ọmụma banyere otu ihe na-adabere na ngwa nke usoro na iwu nke sayensị.

Ná mmalite positivism na sociology iche na ada ada nchepụta. Ọ we bilie dị ka a N'ihi nke jụrụ ndị dị mfe arụmụka banyere otu, nakwa dị ka ọchịchọ nke na-eke a na-elekọta mmadụ ozizi nke ga-niile banyere-agbanwe agbanwe na nkà mmụta sayensị na evolushọn.

Positivist sociology isi ebumnobi nke ịdọ aka ná ntị a na-atụle analytically na empirically, dabere na eziokwu, na inyocha na phenomena aa na ọha mmadụ. Naanị na a bụrụ na ọ nwere ike kwuru ka "mma", pụtara ike ọma na ghaghị dozie dị iche iche nsogbu na-adị ná ndụ nke mmadụ.

The nchoputa nke positivist sociology bụ Comte. Dị ka French na-elekọta mmadụ ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-elekọta mmadụ ozizi ka "kpọmkwem eke sayensị", nke dabeere na nkà mmụta sayensị na ụzọ.

Comte kweere na otu ihe ọmụma ga-rigorous, dabeere na a pụrụ ịdabere na nti eziokwu, dị ka ihe ọmụma banyere okike. Na Comte "Mmụọ nke oma nkà ihe ọmụma," o dere banyere mkpa "nti" okwu. Nke a echiche pụtara a n'ezie ephemeral mmegide, arụmọrụ - arụsị, a pụrụ ịdabere na - dubious, kpọmkwem - vaguely mma - adịghị mma.

otu ịrụ ọrụ iwu e weere na positivism dị ka a n'ihu nke eke iwu. Ya mere, e weere ya ka ekwe banye n'ime n'ime kachasi mkpa na ndị na-akpata na-elekọta mmadụ Filiks na phenomena.

Representatives positivism mụọ otu bụghị Ọnọdụ na static dị ka ọ bụ na otu dị ka a usoro nke di na ịha ma kwụsie ike.

Positivism na sociology na-ekpebi na ihe ọmụma nke ọha mmadụ ga izute chọrọ nke eziokwu na sayensị, n'ihi ya, ọ ga-emepụta na-enyemaka nke eke ụzọ. Isi ụzọ atụle nke a chọpụtara, na tụnyere nnwale, akụkọ ihe mere eme na mgbakọ na mwepụ ụzọ.

Positivism na sociology na ọtụtụ n'ụzọ doro anya gosi na ha tracks (mgbe kwuru na dị ka atụmatụ nke positivism), dị ka naturalism, evolutionism, organicism. Tụkwasị na nke a na ọnọdụ metụtara positivism usoro, na-elekọta mmadụ Darwinism, agbụrụ-anthropological direction, obodo Determinism, na ndị ọzọ. All ntụziaka positivism dị iche n'ozuzu ụkpụrụ reductionist. Ihe ọ pụtara bụ na-agbalị ịkọwa ihe phenomena nke na-elekọta ndụ si n'ọnọdụ nke a nanị otu ihe, nke na-ekpebi (ndu, agbụrụ, ala, wdg). Ndị a osimiri na-akpọ "na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke onye na-akpata."

Kacha eji mata echiche ndị positivism ya ike dị ka ntụziaka nke neo sociology. A ya bụ n'ime isi sociological na nkà ihe ọmụma ntụziaka nke XX narị afọ., Nke ahụ dabeere ike ụkpụrụ nke ezi uche positivism. Onye ọ bụla alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke neo-ozizi nwere a pụrụ iche, peculiar naanị ya karịsịa na ubi nke na usoro ahụ.

Neo elekọta tụlee mmadụ phenomena, dabeere na izugbe iwu maka okike, na n'ihi na-elekọta mmadụ eziokwu. Nke a pụtara ìhè na naturalistic akwụkwọ. Scientism tumadi-elekwasị anya na ojiji nke mmadụ research ụzọ nke eke sayensị. Objectivism kwuru ya nnwere onwe pụọ uru ikpe. Operationalism akowa na-elekọta mmadụ echiche ka arụmọrụ. Behaviorism nyochaworo site nke onye ihe site omume. Quantification chọrọ na-akọwa na-elekọta mmadụ phenomena na a quantitative e ji mara.