Potassium atụmatụ. potassium Ọdịdị. ogige potassium

Isiokwu a ga-enye nkọwa nke potassium na okwu nke physics na onwu. Nke mbụ n'ime ha na sayensị na-amụ n'ibu Njirimara nke ihe na mpụga. A abụọ - ha na mmekọrịta ya na onye ọ bụla ọzọ - a onwu. Potassium - n'ihi nke iri na itoolu mmewere na oge table. Ọ bụ nke alkali ọla. Isiokwu a ga-atụle na E usoro potassium, na akparamàgwà ya na ndị ọzọ bekee, na na. D. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe kasị ike na ọla. The sayensị nke na-emekọ ihe ọmụmụ nke a na ndị ọzọ ọcha - onwu. Mezuwo 8 agụnye ọmụmụ nke inorganic bekee na ha Njirimara. Ya mere, isiokwu a ga-aba uru ụmụ akwụkwọ. Ya mere, ka na-amalite.

potassium atụmatụ si ele ihe anya nke physics

Nke a bụ a dị mfe umi, nke n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ bụ na ihe siri ike ala. Agbaze ebe iri isii na atọ degrees Celsius. Esi otu ifịk metal mgbe okpomọkụ esịmde narị asaa na iri isii na otu degrees Celsius. Isiokwu okwu nwere a ọlaọcha na-acha ọcha na agba. Ọ nwere a dara luster. potassium njupụta bụ iri-na-isii hundredths grams kwa cubic sentimita. Nke a bụ nnọọ fechaa metal. potassium usoro dị nnọọ mfe - ọ na-adịghị na-etolite ụmụ irighiri. Nke a ihe onwunwe mejupụtara atọm nke na-ndokwa nso onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-enwe a crystal lattice. Potassium atọm uka hà iri atọ na itoolu grams kwa ahumachi. Ya ekweghị ekwe dị ala - ya ga-adị mfe bee na a mma, dị ka cheese.

Potassium na onwu

Iji malite, onye potassium - chemical mmewere na nwere nnọọ elu chemical ọrụ. Ọbụna na-echekwa ya n'èzí agaghị ekwe omume, dị ka ọ na ozugbo amalite na-eme na gburugburu bekee. Potassium - chemical mmewere ahụ bụ nke mbụ ìgwè na-anọ mgbe nke oge table. Ọ nwere niile Njirimara nke bụ ihe e ji mara nke ọla.

Mmekọrịta na mfe bekee

Ndị a gụnyere ndị oxygen, nitrogen, sọlfọ, site, halogens (ayodiin, fluorine, chlorine, bromine). Iji, tụlee potassium na mmekọrịta na onye ọ bụla nke ha. Mmekọrịta oxygen na-akpọ ọxịdashọn. N'oge a chemical mmeghachi omume na-erepịakwa Oxygen na potassium na a ezengwenri ruru nke anọ n'akụkụ na otu, na-eduga n'iguzobe nke metal oxide ke ichekwa abụọ. Mmeghari a nwere ike kwupụtara na-esonụ mmeghachi omume akụkụ: 4K + O2 = 2K2O. Mgbe potassium combustion nwere ike na-edebe ihe a na-egbuke egbuke violet ire ọkụ. Ya mere, nke a bụ mmeghachi omume a na-ewere elu mma maka potassium mkpebi siri ike. Jeremaya mere na halogens na-aha dị ka aha nke chemical ọcha: ọ iodized, fluorination, chlorination, bromination. A mmekọrịta nwere ike kwuru adianade mmeghachi omume, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụ irighiri akụkụ nke abụọ dị iche iche bekee na-jikọtara n'ime otu. Otu ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ a usoro bụ mmeghachi omume n'etiti chlorine na potassium, nke dị ka a n'ihi nke metal chloride kpụrụ. N'ihi na-arụ a mmeghachi omume ga-abụọ ndị a components - abụọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke mbụ na otu abụọ. N'ihi bụ abụọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke a potassium compound. Nke a mmeghachi omume a na-egosipụta site na nke a akụkụ: 2K + = SІ2 2KSІ. Ebe ọ bụ na nitrogen nwere ike inye potassium ogige n'oge combustion na n'èzí. N'oge a mmeghachi omume na-erepịakwa ndị ọla na nitrogen na a ezengwenri ruru nke otu isii n'akụkụ, dị ka a N'ihi nke a mmekọrịta, a nitride potassium ke ichekwa abụọ. Nke a nwere ike gosiri ndị na-esonụ akụkụ: 6K + N2 = 2K3N. Nke a compound bụ a crystal-green nwa. Na echiche site metal na-meghachi omume dị ka otu ihe ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke potassium kwa ahumachi of site kwa ahumachi nweta phosphide. Nke a chemical mmeghachi omume nwere ike e dere n'ụdị mmeghachi omume akụkụ: P = 3K + K3R. Ke adianade do, potassium ike iwe iwe na hydrogen, si otú na-akpụ a hydride. Na ihe dị otú ahụ akụkụ nwere ike e nyere dị ka ihe atụ: 2K + H2 = 2 kN. All ndị njikọ mmeghachi omume naanị pụtara na ọnụnọ nke okpomọkụ.

Mmekọrịta mgbagwoju bekee

Njirimara potassium na okwu nke onwu na-agụnye echiche nke isiokwu. Site ihe ịma aka bekee nke nwere ike na-eme na potassium na-mmiri, asịd, salts, oxides. Na ha nile weere metal mkpatụ dị iche iche.

Potassium na mmiri

Nke a chemical mmewere mkpatụ ike na ya. Nke a Nleta a hydroxide na hydrogen. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-abụọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke potassium na mmiri, mgbe ahụ, anyị na-enweta otu ego nke potassium hydroxide na otu ahumachi nke hydrogen. Nke a chemical mmeghachi omume nwere ike kwupụtara na-esonụ akụkụ: 2H2O = 2K + 2KOH = H2.

Jeremaya mere na asịd

Ebe ọ bụ na potassium - ifịk metal, ọ bụ mfe displaces na atọm nke nwụrụ si ha ogige. Otu ihe atụ ga-abụ mmeghachi omume nke na-ewe n'etiti umi n'okpuru echiche na hydrochloric acid. N'ihi ya, mmejuputa iwu ga-abụọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke potassium, na acid na otu ego. N'ihi bụ a potassium chloride - abụọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke hydrogen na - otu mol. Usoro a nwere ike e dere dị otú ahụ akụkụ: 2K + 2NSІ 2KSІ = + H2.

Na potassium oxides

Site na nke a ìgwè nke inorganic ogige nke ọla na-eme na ọkpụrụkpụ kpo oku. Ọ bụrụ na ndị metal atọm emejupụta ndị oxide n'ezinụlọ mgbakwunye, anyị na-ekwu okwu n'isiokwu a, e nwere ndị, n'ezie, mgbanwe mmeghachi omume. Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụrụ na anyị abụọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke potassium kwa ahumachi nke Cuprum oxide dị ka a n'ihi nke ha interactions nwere ike kwadebere otu ahumachi nke atụle chemical mmewere oxide na ọcha cuprum. Nke a nwere ike na-egosi na ụdị nke a na akụkụ: 2K + CuO = K2O + Cu. Nke a bụ ebe ihe ngosi a ike mbenata Njirimara nke potassium.

Mmekọrịta bases

Potassium bụ ike nke na-emeghachi omume n'ụzọ na-metal hydroxides, nke na-emi odude aka nri nke na ọ na electrochemical usoro ọrụ. Na nke a na-egosipụtakwa ya mbenata Njirimara. Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụrụ na anyị abụọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke potassium kwa ahumachi nke barium hydroxide, n'ihi nnọchi mmeghachi omume anyị nweta bekee ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka potassium hydroxide ke ichekwa abụọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ ma dị ọcha barium (ahumachi) - ya precipitates. Nọchiri anya ya chemical mmekọrịta nwere ike mapped site ndị na-esonụ akụkụ: 2K + Ba (OH) = 2 2KOH + Ba.

Jeremaya mere na salts

Na nke a, potassium, ka egosipụta ya Njirimara dị ka a siri ike na mbenata gị n'ụlọnga. Dochie atọm bụ na ya ọzọ n'ezinụlọ ọcha, ọ na-enye ohere iji nweta a dị ọcha metal. Ihe atụ, mgbe agbakwunyere aluminum chloride ke ichekwa abụọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke atọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke potassium, dị ka a N'ihi nke a mmeghachi omume nweta atọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke potassium chloride na abụọ ntụpọ ojii n'ahụ nke aluminum. Iji gosipụta usoro a site akụkụ dị ka ndị a: 3K + + 2AІSІ3 = 3KSІ2 2AІ.

Mmeghachi omume na abụba

Ọ bụrụ na-agbakwunye potassium ọ bụla organic ihe onwunwe nke ìgwè, ọ na-chụpụ onye nke nwụrụ atọm. Ka ihe atụ, site agwakọta na metal na isiokwu stearin potassium stearate na kpụrụ hydrogen. Ihe ihe onwunwe e ji mee ihe maka mmepụta nke mmiri mmiri ncha. Mgbe a na e ji mara nke potassium na ya na nkwukọrịta ndị ọzọ bekee risịrị.

The ojiji nke potassium ogige ma

Dị ka ihe niile ọla-ewere a akwụkwọ dị mkpa n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị Filiks ke ụlọ ọrụ. The isi ojiji nke potassium pụtara na chemical ụlọ ọrụ. Ruru ya elu reactivity, na alkali metal na akpọ reductive Njirimara, ọ na-eji dị ka a reagent ọtụtụ interactions na mmepụta nke dị iche iche bekee. Ọzọkwa, ọdịnaya nke potassium alloys na-eji dị ka coolants na nuclear ngwa agha. -Atụle n'isiokwu a, na-metal okụt ya ngwa ke eletriki injinịa. Ke adianade niile nke dị n'elu, ọ bụ otu n'ime isi mmiri fatịlaịza maka osisi. Ke adianade do, ya ogige na-eji a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrụ. N'ihi ya, na mmịpụta nke gold potassium cyanide na-eji, na-eje ozi dị ka a reagent maka mgbake nke bara uru ọla si ores. Ke imewe nke iko-eji potassium carbonate. Phosphates atụle chemical ọcha bụ mmiri nile di iche iche nke ihicha elekọta mmadụ na ntụ. Na ọkụ a nyere metal chlorate bụ ugbu. Ke imewe nke fim na-eji maka na agadi igwefoto bromide nke mmewere. Dị ka ị na-ama mara, ọ bụ omume na-enweta site na bromination nke potassium na elu okpomọkụ gburugburu. The na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-eji chloride nke chemical mmewere. The ncha Ndinam - stearate na ndị ọzọ na nkwekọrịta si abụba.

Nkwadebe nke metal

Naa potassium mined na laboratories na n'ụzọ abụọ bụ isi. Mmalite - iweghachi ya si sodium hydroxide, nke bụ ihe na ya nọ n'ọrụ karịa potassium. A abụọ - inweta ya site chloride, nakwa site na sodium. Ọ bụrụ na agbakwunyere otu ahumachi nke potassium hydroxide ka sodium a kpụrụ na otu ahumachi nke sodium hydroxide na ọcha potassium. The akụkụ nke na mmeghachi omume bụ dị ka ndị a: Koh + Na = NaOH + C. N'ihi na mmeghachi omume nke abụọ ụdị-agwakọta nke metal chloride na sodium ke hà ezengwenri n'ike-n'ike. N'ihi ya, ndị dị otú ahụ ihe na-guzobere kichin nnu na potassium ke otu ruru. Iji gosipụta nke a chemical mmekọrịta bụ ekwe omume site na nke a bụ mmeghachi omume akụkụ: KSІ + Na = NaCl + K.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ potassium

Atọm nke chemical mmewere, nakwa dị ka ihe niile ndị ọzọ, ndị mejupụtara a isi nke nwere protons na neutrons na electrons, nke bugharia gburugburu ya. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke electrons bụ mgbe hà ka ọnụ ọgụgụ protons dị n'ime ntọala. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla elektrọn rụrụ ma ọ bụ sonyeere na atọm, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-akwụsị ịdị na-anọpụ iche na a na-ghọọ ion. Ha bụ nke abụọ iche iche: ndị cations na anions. First nwere nti ụgwọ, na nke abụọ - dịghị. Ọ bụrụ na sonyeere na atọm na elektrọn, ọ na-ghọọ anion, na ọ bụrụ na ihe ọ bụla nke electrons ekpe ya orbit, a na-anọpụ iche atọm na-aghọ a cation. Ebe ọ bụ na potassium ordinal nọmba table dị ka Mendeleev, iri na itoolu, na protons na ntọala nke chemical mmewere bụ otu ihe. Ya mere, anyị nwere ike ikwubi na electrons gburugburu ntọala ewekarị iri na itoolu. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke protons, atọm dị na Ọdịdị nwere ike kpebisie ike site subtracting si atọm uka ordinal nọmba nke chemical mmewere. Ya mere, anyị nwere ike ikwubi na e nwere iri abụọ nke protons na ntọala nke potassium. Dị ka a tụlere n'isiokwu a, na-metal bụ nke anọ oge, ọ nwere anọ orbits, nke electrons, nke bụ mgbe niile na-efegharị na-ndokwa uniformly. potassium atụmatụ bụ dị ka ndị: nke mbụ orbit nwere ihe abụọ elektrọn, nke abụọ - na asatọ; nakwa dị ka onye nke atọ, ke akpatre, nke anọ, ndị orbit agbagharị naanị otu elektrọn. Nke a na-akọwa dị elu nke chemical ọrụ nke metal - ikpeazụ ya orbit na-adịghị kpamkpam jupụtara, ya mere, ọ na-agbalịsi ike jikọọ na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ atọm, na-eme ha electrons n'oge gara aga na orbits ibu nkịtị.

Olee ebe m pụrụ ịhụ nke a mmewere na ọdịdị?

Ebe ọ bụ na o nwere ihe oké elu chemical ọrụ na planet ọ dịghị mgbe ọ hụrụ dị ọcha ala. Ọ nwere ike na-hụrụ dị ka akụkụ nke a dịgasị iche iche nke ogige. Mass nta nke potassium na ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ bụ 2.4 percent. The kasị minerals, nke na-agụnye potassium, - ya Salvini na carnallite. The mbụ nwere ndị na-esonụ chemical usoro: NaCl • KCl. Ọ nwere variegated na agba na-emi esịnede a plurality nke kristal nke dị iche iche na agba. Dabere na ruru nke potassium chloride na sodium, nakwa dị ka ọnụnọ nke adịghị, ọ nwere ike ịnwe red, acha anụnụ anụnụ, pink, oroma mmiri. The abụọ ịnweta - carnallite - anya dị ka a uzo, icha mmirimmiri-acha anụnụ anụnụ, icha mmirimmiri pink ma ọ bụ ọtọ-acha odo odo kristal. Ya chemical usoro bụ dị ka ndị: KCl • MgCl2 • 6H2O. Ọ bụ a crystalline hydrate.

Ọrụ nke potassium ke idem, enweghị mgbaàmà na ngafe

Ọ, tinyere sodium-akwado ndị na mmiri nnu itule nke mkpụrụ ndụ. Ọzọ so nnyefe nke akwara na-akwadoghị akwado n'etiti membranes. Ke adianade do, ọ achịkwakwa na acid-alkaline itule na cell na dum organism dị ka a dum. Ọ atụ ke metabolism, na-egbochi omume nke edema, a akụkụ nke cytoplasm - odika iri ise percent nke ya - nnu nke metal. The isi na-egosi na ahụ enweghị potassium na-ozizi, omume nke ọrịa ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka hydrocephalus, ogwe na-enwe nsogbu ụjọ usoro, mgbochi mmeghachi omume na ebe nchekwa impairment. Ke adianade do, ihe ezughi oke ego nke Chọpụta mmewere njọ na-emetụta ndị obi na muscular usoro. Potassium erughi maka a nnọọ ogologo oge nwere ike ime ka a nkụchi obi ma ọ bụ ọrịa strok. Ma n'ihi ngafe nke potassium ke idem nwere ike ịzụlite nsia onya. Iji mee ya ike ka na-enweta a nkịtị ego nke potassium, ọ dị mkpa iji mara na ihe ngwaahịa na ọ nwere.

Food na a elu ọdịnaya nke Chọpụta mmewere n'okpuru echiche

Mbụ niile, ọ bụ akụ, ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka cashews, walnuts, hazelnuts, ahụekere, almọnd. Ọzọkwa, a nnukwu ego bụ na poteto. Ọzọkwa, potassium dị na mịrị amị mkpụrụ osisi ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka-vine amiri ami, mịrị amị apricots, akwachapụ. Ọgaranya na a mmewere, na pine akụ. Ọzọkwa, elu kasịnụ hụrụ legumes: agwa, peas, na lentil. Laminaria bụkwa ọgaranya chemical data mmewere. Ka ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa nwere ifịk mmewere na a nnukwu ego, na-green tii na koko. Ọzọkwa, na a akwa ịta ma ọ bụ na ọtụtụ mkpụrụ osisi ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ube bekee, unere, peach, oroma, grapefruits, apụl. Ọtụtụ ọka bụ ndị bara ọgaranya Chọpụta mmewere n'okpuru echiche. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi barley na ọka wit na buckwheat. Na pasili na Brussels puru na-enwe a otutu potassium. Ke adianade do, e nwere ya carrots na egusi. Yabasị na garlic nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-atụle chemical mmewere. Àkwá, mmiri ara ehi na cheese na-ji a elu ọdịnaya nke potassium. Daily norm nke chemical mmewere ndị mmadụ bụ site atọ ruo ise grams.

ọgwụgwụ

Mgbe na-agụ isiokwu a, ọ nwere ike kwubiri na potassium dị oké mkpa chemical mmewere. Ọ dị mkpa synthesize ọtụtụ ogige na chemical ụlọ ọrụ. Na-eji ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, ọ dị nnọọ mkpa maka ahụ mmadụ, otú ahụ ga-abụ mgbe nile na na chọrọ ego na-eme na nri.