Potassium carbonate

Si na-adịghị ike carbonic acid (ọ bụ ihe nta na-eguzogide ọgwụ na ike na-adị na itughari ngwọta) site n'obi mgbe ahụ na alkalis na acidic ajụ nwetara salts na-ma-akpọ bicarbonates na carbonates, karị. Mmeghachi omume arụmarụ nwere ike dere, sị: H2CO3 + Koh → KHCO3 + H2O na H2CO3 + 2KOH → K2CO3 + 2H2O. Ke akpa ibe nke potassium hydrogencarbonate, na nke abụọ - potassium carbonate. Formula acid nnu - KHCO3, na nkezi - K2CO3. Ezengwenri uka nke potassium carbonate hà 138,2 g / ahumachi. Anya yiri nnu ọcha crystalline ntụ ntụ, nke bụ combustible, agbaze na 891 C, na-enweghị na-eru esi ebe, nnu erekasịchaala. Potassium carbonate hygroscopic, ngwa ngwa soluble n'ime mmiri: 100 ml na 20 ° C - 110,5 g, na na 100 C - 156 g nke nnu. Ma na ihe na-aba n'anya ma ọ bụ acetone, a umi anaghị igbari.

Mgbe ochie nke potassium carbonate, na-akpọ potash, okwu na-abịa site Latin aha «potassa». Potash bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ochie nnu, nke e ka ndị mmadụ mara ogologo oge gara aga. Na Europe, ruo narị afọ gara aga, potash bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa Chemicals na nwere azụmahịa uru. Na Russia, n'ihi na mmepụta nke potash site Peter Ukwu ahụ na 1721, na ihe egwuregwu e guzobere. Dị ugbu a, na ókèala ndị Russian Federation, nakwa dị ka na Armenia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Moldova, Uzbekistan bụ a chemical kpuchie site interstate ọkọlọtọ GOST 10690-73. Potash-akọ, dị ka GOST 12.1.005-88 na-atọ odachi klas bekee, na kọntaktị na mucous membranes ma ọ bụ ooh akpụkpọ akpata iyatesịt.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị mix nke potassium carbonate na mmiri, mgbe ahụ, a otutu okpomọkụ n'oge mgbasa ya, i.e. K2CO3 hydrolysis mmeghachi omume bụ exothermic, na n'okpuru ihe nke mmiri e guzobere ọhụrụ bekee. Dibasic nnu nke carbonic acid bụ hydrolyzed stepwise. First kpụrụ acid nnu: H2O + K2CO3 → KHCO3 + Koh. Mgbe ahụ, nke abụọ ogbo wee agụghị oké mmiri decomposition ama acid nnu: H2O + KHCO3 → H2CO3 + Koh. Ebe ọ bụ na hydrolysis nke potassium carbonate nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ salts nke na-adịghị ike asịd retara na guzobere hydroxyl ion OH-, onye Onyenwe anyị + nke ha okenye agbanwe agbanwe bụ mgbe ukwuu karịa 7, na-ajụ bụ alkaline.

Potash na narị afọ nke 17 na Russia e nwetara site leaching osisi ntụ. Na osisi anētiye kwadebere alkali solution, spraying mmiri ọkụ ash. Nke a ngwọta bụ mgbe ahụ wụsara n'ime a brick usekwu na-ere ọkụ nkụ. Potassium carbonate e crystallized nnọọ oké oyi akwa na ala nke n'ekwú site a scrap potash amịpụtara, tukwasi ya orù, karịrị akarị n'ụlọikpe ha hermetically. Chọrọ a ụfọdụ nkà, na ngwọta e Takọọ, na ọkụ ahụ na-proffer. Ya mere, craft "polivachey" malitere izi ha na-eto eto, na nanị mgbe a afọ ole na ole na-arụ ọrụ enwetara ụfọdụ nkà na-aghọ a nna ukwu nke ya nka. Dị ka ihe atụ: The ọkụ ọkụ mgbe niile kpụrụ ọcha ash, isi akụkụ nke ya - bụ potash. Taa emejuputa ọzọ ulo oru usoro - nwetara site electrolysis nke potassium hydroxide e gafere carbon dioxide: 2KOH → K2CO3 + CO2 + H2O. N'ihi bụ a potash na mmiri.

potassium carbonate na-eji na imewe nke ncha na iko. Na laabu, ọ na-eji dị ka a nwayọọ desiccant ikpe mgbe ndị ọrụ ọzọ dị ka calcium chloride ma ọ bụ magnesium sulfate, na-agaghị ekwe. Ọ bụghị adabara ihicha acidic ogige, ma e nwere ike ji mee ihe maka ihicha nke organic ngwaahịa na a ala ọdịnaya nke acidic adịghị. Potassium carbonate na-eji maka ọgụ ọkụ nke klas B, ebe ọ na-ezo aka chemical ntụ na ike nke na inhibiting na imenyụ combustion usoro. Ọ nwere elu emenyụ arụmọrụ karịa salts dị ka sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium Fluoride ma ọ bụ sodium hydrogen carbonate. Ya inhibitory arụmọrụ nke combustion Filiks bụ nwekwara elu karịa nke sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, aluminum oxide na calcium carbonate. Na iko ụlọ ọrụ K2CO3 na-eji na mmepụta nke laabu (refractory), ngwa anya ma ọ bụ potash iko, na iko nke glassware rụpụta. Ke adianade do, potash ina ke chemical, ugbo, ọgwụ na nri ọrụ.