Prokaryotic cell - cell organism tupu-nuclear

Prokaryotic cell - na-na, n'eziokwu, dị nnọọ ndokwa ahụ, nke retains na àgwà nke nna nna ya. Ha n'usoro ekenyela ikewapụ alaeze Monera, nke na-agụnye bacteria na cyanobacteria (-acha anụnụ anụnụ-green algae).

Gịnị bụ otú "otu ebe" na Ọdịdị nke tupu nuclear ntule? Prokaryotic cell nwere dịghị ntọala, gbara ya gburugburu ha shei, mitochondria na plastids. Ke n'etiti bụ a cytoplasm nucleoid (nucleotide), nke bụ otu nukleproteidnoy Ọdịdị gụnyere annular DNA molekul. Nke a mgbagwoju a na-akpọ nje chromosome. N'oké cell bacteria na-acha anụnụ anụnụ-green algae na-kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị na mpụga na-ajụ oké cell mgbidi ma ọ bụ Capsule na mucous akpụkpọ ahụ. Mgbidi nke elementrị bughi unit na tumadi ekewet nke a umi murein (kpụrụ nke na-edozi na carbohydrates), nke rụrụ ọrụ nke n'èzí ọkpụkpụ, na-enye udi na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ si mpụta stimuli. The n'ime akpụkpọ ahụ nwere ndị na-esonụ na ọrụ: nchedo, ụgbọ njem, na nkerisi uzọ nke stimuli.

The esịtidem Ọdịdị nke prokaryotic mkpụrụ ndụ na-egosi na cytoplasm na ya mejupụtara bụ ọtụtụ daa ogbenye karịa nke nuclear (eukaryotic). O nwere ribosomes, nke dị mkpa maka protein njikọ. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a akpụkpọ ahụ Ọdịdị, nke na-eme ka ndị na-efu organelles - mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi na plastids. Ka ihe atụ, prokaryotic cell nwere a bulging diaphragm, nke a na-akpọ mesosoma. Ọ bụ ebe a na usoro nke respiration na ume ntọhapụ na bacteria.

Ọzọkwa, tupu nuclear ntule nwere ike sporulation, ma ha anaghị izu na ha. The spores ma ọ bụ cysts bụ oké membranes na enyere bacteria na-adị ndụ ọjọọ ọnọdụ maka ha. Iji dị ndụ na ndị na-abụghị isi ọnọdụ na-enwe ike na-echekwa nri - abụba, mgbagwoju carbohydrates.

The prokaryotic cell nwere ike ba uba site nkewa, budding na conjugation. ozuzu usoro na-adabere na ụdị bacteria ma ọ bụ cyanobacteria. Division na budding - ụzọ na-ekwe ka dịtụ ngwa ngwa dịkwuo bi size. Conjugation nke pụtara na E. coli, a mmekọahụ usoro, nke na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mgbanwe microorganisms.

N'ihi ya, prokaryotes - a tupu nuclear mkpụrụ ndụ, nke na-adịghị nwere formalized na cell ntọala na na-na-efunahụ nke ọtụtụ akpụkpọ ahụ organelles, ma ike na-agbanwe agbanwe. Na ha na-enwe ike iji imeghari bi na gburugburu ebe ebe ọ dịghị onye na-adị ndụ ọzọ - a nuclear chernobyl, mmanụ akọwa. A nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị nnọchiteanya nke alaeze Monera bụ pathogenic na nwere ike ime ka a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrịa na ụmụ mmadụ, ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi (ọnyụnyụ ọbara, tonsillitis, ụkwara nta). Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ microorganisms ebi symbiosis na eukaryotes (symbiogenesis), e.g. nitrogen gwara mgbọrọgwụ nodule bacteria na ịchị ya na mgbọrọgwụ nke legumes.