Russian stratigraphic n'ike. International stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ

Na chronostratigraphic nhazi ọkwa nke a ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Ọ bụ Ịhazi dismemberment nke usoro nke n'ígwé nke mbara ala na unit. Ha nwere onwe ha aha, nke izu oke nke etiti oge nke geologic oge. The akwụkwọ a ga-atụle ihe zuru ezu geochronological na stratigraphic n'ike. Ha na-abụghị nanị oge dabeere mmekọrịta. Stratigraphic, geochronological ọnụ ọgụgụ - na ọ na-anabata ụkpụrụ. Ha na-eji osisi nke geological ihe.

International stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ

Ntoputa nke usoro ihe a bụ ihe dị mkpa chọpụtara na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ. Ọ bụ ihe ndabere nke stratigraphy. Ụzọ maka inweta ihe ọmụma banyere ihe geological akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ e meghere eji a mbara n'ike. ILS bụ ihe dị mkpa, nke bụ ike na-edozi ọtụtụ geological nsogbu. Enweghị usoro ihe a ọ ga-ekwe omume ike ọtụtụ ụwa map na nkọwa ụfọdụ nnukwu ebe, dị ka tectonic, geological, paleogeographic, paleoclimatic, paleolandscape na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

ala

Echiche nke "general stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ" a hụrụ na na Russian isi mmalite Ọtụtụ. N'okpuru ya pụtara na-aghọta na eluigwe na ala ọdịdị nke usoro na uwa akporo ya ngwa. Stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ a otu usoro taxonomic nkeji. Nke a usoro nwere ike na-ahuta ka a akwụkwọ zuru geological oge n'oge nke sedimentary ụwa n'ọbọ e guzobere. Ọ na-anọchi anya na ezigbo zuru ngalaba nke Ụwa lithosphere enweghị dị iche iche overlaps na gaps.

nọ nke ngwa

The usoro na ọtụtụ-eji dị ka nlele maka onye geological etiti oge. Ọ na-eji na-ekpebi mmekọrịta nke ọ bụla etiti lithosphere. Na nke a set nke otu ma ọ bụ raznovozvratnost. All n'elu ọcha ka mba stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ ndabere maka na-eru ihe ọgụgụ oge nke ihe. Nke a n'ihe bụ ihe ndabere Ọdịdị mgbake nke geological akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa.

ụkpụrụ

A collection of ọcha na-agụnye a stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ, na-anọchi anya geological asụsụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ya mkpoputa complies na interstate agreement. Professional asụsụ bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ọrụ nke usoro. International Geological Congress, so na mwube ndị a ụkpụrụ. Ọzọkwa na usoro a aka njikọ nke geosciences. N'ihi na a ogologo oge ndị a owuwu hazie nnọchiteanya pụrụ iche nzukọ, n'oge nke ozokwa mgbanwe na-mere ka ndị ILS. Mgbe nzukọ ikpeazụ nke International Geological Congress, ọ na-aha ya bụ na geological oge ọnụ ọgụgụ.

nkewa ILS

A ọcha na-abụghị nwoghara paleontological usoro ma ọ bụ biostratigraphic owuwu. A nkeji nwere nanị nwa oge uche, ie, chronostratigraphic. N'ihi nke a ha na-agaghị eji maka kpọmkwem nkewa na mmekọrịta profaịlụ. Units na-agụnye stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ezie na-anọchi anya na ụfọdụ oge etiti oge. Ha, n'aka, adade ke nkume. Site ọdịdị na saịtị nke mbepụ akpan akpan àgwà ofu ha ókè. Nke a na-kacha mma rụrụ n'okpuru kwesịrị ekwesị ọnọdụ. Mgbaàmà isochronous-achọsi ike si a chemical ma ọ bụ anụ ahụ na okike.

ugbu a dị adị n'ezie

The ugbu n'onwe-arụ ọrụ dị otú ahụ mba stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ, nke bụ isi dabeere na mpaghara nkewa. Karịsịa, Western European usoro. Ọ nwere ya mere na geological agwa. Stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ na tiers egosi eke nkebi nke mmepe nke ógbè ụfọdụ nke ụwa elu, nakwa dị ka biota bi n'ime ya. Nke a abụghị na-agọnahụ ndị doro anya - mere na geological ụkpụrụ n'ezie na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, ya ngwa bụ nnọọ irè ọ bụla otu mpaghara ma ọ bụ sedimentary efere. The ojiji nke a na mmepe nke mba stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ ekwe omume. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na nkebi nke mmepe nke dị iche iche ebe ha na-abụkarị bụghị yiri n'ogologo etiti oge. O sina dị, ha na-synchronized na a ụfọdụ ụzọ n'ihi na nke mmetụta nke zuru ụwa ọnụ ihe.

Isi na-emekarị

Mkpụrụ nke linear ọnụ ọgụgụ geologic oge na afọ a rụrụ site na a plurality nke ọtụtụ ọcha. Ọ na-achọ na ojiji nke niile ihe na ihe omume na-akpa si zuru ụwa ọnụ na mpaghara akpịrịkpa. Anyị na-mkpa ọzọ stratigraphic ọcha.

Egbochi ẹkụre ILS

Interagency Strategic Committee of Russia akatọọla ọhụrụ mmepe nke usoro. The eziokwu na anụ ụlọ nzukọ kpebiri na-eme n'ọdịnihu na-eso geological omenala. Russian Committee jụrụ ojiji nke usoro mba ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ na ụdị nke ọ na-arụ ọrụ taa. Nke a bụ n'ihi na peculiarities nke ya etiti oge, ala na nomenclature. All ndị a, ndị si uru echiche, megidere eziokwu, na e dere general stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Russia. Ke adianade do, ha nwere a enweghị echiche. Official nke onye ihe mere, nke na-egbochi ẹkụre nke mba stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ, bụ okwukwe nke ọtụtụ Russian geologists. Ha kweere na ILS ga-ekwe omume na-egosipụta geological akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa. Nkwenkwe a bụ ofu na kwekọrọ ekwekọ Usoro. N'ihi ya, stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ Russia bụ a iche iche usoro taa.

Na ozi ndị ọzọ banyere ILS

The mba usoro akwụkwọ gosipụtara ozuzu oke nke data metụtara ndị isi akụkụ nke usoro: ụkpụrụ, nkọwa, echiche, ige, nke na-agụnye stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ, na usoro na na. The usoro mejupụtara tumadi nke ọkọlọtọ nkeji na na-dere na afọ. Ha na-kewaa dabeere na a na-amụ schematic ndokwa nke nkume. The usoro na-agwakọta abụọ dị iche iche nke akpịrịkpa: chronostratigraphic na oge idebe. Mmalite ugbu a na-aghọta ka a n'ihe owuwu schematic ndokwa nke nkume na ọkọlọtọ ngalaba nke na-ahọrọ na stratotypes ókè. The abụọ ụdị dabeere na oge nkeji. Ihe atụ, na afọ, mgbe ọkọlọtọ bụ abụọ.

The isi ihe aga-eme nke usoro

The mbụ ebumnobi chua site stratigraphic ọnụ ọgụgụ, bụ ịchọpụta ihe obodo oge mmekọrịta. Nke dị oké mkpa maka n'akụkụ nile nke geology bụ echichi nke ikwu afọ nke n'ígwé. Akụkụ ndị a na-adịghị adabere ọ bụla atụmatụ chronostratigraphic nkeji nke a zuru ụwa ọnụ na okike. Nke abuo, mkpa ịzụlite a ọkọlọtọ ọnụ. Ọ dị mkpa ka a zuru ezu Ịhazi ịtụ ụfọdụ chronostratigraphic ọcha. Ha nwere onwe ha aha na na-eji mpaghara na n'ụwa. Ọ na-atụ anya na nke a ga-abụkwa ihe ndabere nke ọkọlọtọ hierarchy. Ọ ga achọpụta afọ ole nke oké nkume n'ígwé, nakwa dị ka ekwe ka ha na-akọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa. Ọ na-atụle ihe ezigbo nhọrọ, nke ọkọlọtọ nso ga jupụta dum usoro enweghị ihe ọ bụla overlaps na gaps.

chronostratigraphic nhazi ọkwa

Nke a na usoro bụ nzukọ nkeji sawmills. Ọ dabeere na ibiere ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka afọ na oge nke guzobere. Isi nzube nke usoro bụ nzukọ nke nkume na-etolite na jikọrọ ọnụ, na ụfọdụ nkeji. Ha, n'aka, nwere onwe ha aha, nke izu oke nke etiti oge nke geological oge. A ọcha bụ ndabere nke oge mmekọrịta na ndebanye aha na usoro nke geological akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe omume.

subdivision

Nke a na mmewere na-anọchi anya set of niile nkume n'ígwé nke na-jikọtara ọnụ na a na-ndabere. Karịsịa, na uru nke ha guzobere n'oge otu nkeji. Nkewa na-agụnye nanị nkume, nke e hiwere na a ụfọdụ oge nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa. A ọcha na-ejedebeghị isochronous ebupụta. Ha ikwu uru na akara ule ka ogologo oge ka ha na-egosipụta. na-adịghị mkpa ike nke ego na mere chronostratigraphic hierarchy bụ akụkụ nke nkeji.

Ndị ọzọ okwu

Na ọtụtụ obere akwụkwọ designation nkeji nke dị iche iche n'ọnọdụ na-adịru nwa olu site na iji na-esonụ ọcha.

Chronostratigraphic mgbagwoju na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ okwu:

1. EBIONITISM.
2. Eonothem.
3. System.
4. Series.
5. Erathem.
6. Substage.

Geochronology kachasị yitebe:

1. Century.
2. Eon.
3. Oge.
4. Era.
5. Epoch.
6. Podvek.

Types of adjectives na-egosi ọnọdụ nke ihe n'ime chronostratigraphic:

1. Upper.
2. Lower.
3. Nkezi.
4. Basal.

Types of adjectives metụtara geochronological subdivision:

1. Ọ bịaghị n'oge.
2. Early.
3. Nkezi.