Russian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ A. D. Zaharov: biography na ọrụ

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, na afọ nke ndụ ya guzobe St. Petersburg image, mara gburugburu ụwa dị ka akwụkwọ nke Admiralty ụlọ. Ya uru maka Russian ije nwere nnọọ njikọ, ọ na-akọwa na ntụziaka nke mmepe nke mba ije ruo ogologo oge.

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AD Zakharov,-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, a mụrụ August 8, 1761 na St. Petersburg na ndị ezinụlọ Admiralty eze, ndị isi ojii. Nna ya - Dmitry Ivanovich Zakharov -iji enweta a nnọọ obi umeala ụgwọ, ma ọ bụ ike ịkpọlite ụmụ ndị ikom abụọ, bụ ndị mere ka nganga nke ndị nna. The ọkpara - Yakov Dmitrievich Zaharov - ghọrọ ihe academician, prọfesọ nke onwu na-arụzi ụgbọala. Junior - Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov - ghọọ ezigbo onye na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Site na nwata nna m zụlitere n'ime ụmụ ịdị uchu na ọchịchọ ịmata ihe. Ọ nlezianya debe ụmụ ike ma nwee ike ịhụ ha talent. Andreyan dị ka n'oge dị 6 afọ e zigara ya ụlọ akwụkwọ na Academy nke Ọma Arts. Na klas, ọ adịghị anya na-otu nke kasị mma ụmụ akwụkwọ. Nwata ahụ na-ya mbụ award maka n'agụmakwụkwọ n'ime afọ abụọ - akwụkwọ.

Ịchọta vocations

Mgbe si na mahadum pụta, A. D. Zaharov abatakwa ụkpụrụ ụlọ klas nke Academy nke Arts. nwa okorobịa nwere ikike iji nyere ya aka ngwa ngwa iru ọganihu n'otu, ndị nkụzi kwuru ya gbasara ohere ọhụụ. Ọ mụrụ ya na oké-nwe: AF Kokorinov, YM Felten, ntụgharị Starova. Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov oji nti utịp na ụkpụrụ ụlọ craft na na 1782 brilliantly gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Academy. Mkpụrụ ya na "14 nka nke klas" na ọdịda Ọla.

A na-ghar-amụrụ

N'oge afọ nke ọmụmụ Andreyan Zakharov anakọtara a full set of Ọla nke Academy. Otu nke mpụta mbụ ọrụ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu - ngo "House" - enweta a obere silver nrite nke Academy. Nke a bụ ndị kasị elu award maka Undergraduate ụmụ akwụkwọ. Na 1780, ọ ọdịda a nnukwu silver nrite ugbua, na na na njedebe nke ọzụzụ - a nrite ọlaedo maka "Fokzala" oru ngo ( "home ntụrụndụ") na a na-eme njem Paris "maka nnweta nke n'ihu unen ke ije." N'oge a, A. D. Zaharov mmasị site na echiche nke classicism, na-achọ embody ọhụrụ ideals na ihe onwunwe.

Na 1782 Andreyan tinyere atọ ụmụ akwụkwọ ibe wee Paris. Ebe ha na-amalite ịga ọmụmụ na-ọnụ ọgụgụ ịbịaru. Zakharov na-amụta site na-eduga French-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ JF Chalgrin, na a na-enwe mmetụta K. LeDoux kasị nwayọọ nwayọọ na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Paris, nnukwu ma dị ike mma n'ihi na mfe oru ngo na fascinates-amụrụ si Russia. Chalgrin, na-ede akwụkwọ nke ama Arc de Triomphe na Paris, bụ egbuke nnọchiteanya nke French classicism, innovator na kasị mma-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, echiche ya organically kpụrụ na njikere ala na Academy nke echiche A. Zakharov. N'oge a, ọ kpụrụ ya aesthetic echiche na matures ede akwụkwọ si usoro, nke nwere ma na-ịsụgharị n'ime osisi.

The mbụ nzọụkwụ ke ọrụ

Na 1786 A. D. Zaharov laghachi Russia, full of atụmatụ na-enwe olileanya maka ọdịnihu. Gosi anya nkà gị na oru ngo e nyere Academy nke Arts ewu gụchara aka, ọ dị mkpa maka ọtụtụ afọ jikwaa idozi, mgbanwe na ẹkụre nke ụlọ, a uncreative na onerous ọrụ bụ agwụ ike-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Naanị na 1790, o nwere ike na-ezo mgbe iji melite Academy nke ọzọ-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Zakharov anamde obere iwu, dị ka akwụkwọ Lyubuchi obodo oru ngo. The mbụ ọwọrọiso ọrụ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-egosi na 1791, a magburu mma na oge nke ọgwụgwụ nke udo na Turkey. Na nke a oru ngo, Zakharov gosiri na ya bụghị nanị dị ka a elu-klas ọkachamara, ma dị ka a Patriot. N'akwụkwọ ya ọ na-gụnyere echiche nke Russia ịdị ukwuu na mpako ha na feat nke Suvorov na na kpọọ nke Ishmael.

Educational ọrụ

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, onye biography na-jikọrọ ha na St. Petersburg, ozugbo na ya laghachiri n'ala nna ya na-abịa n'ụlọ Academy na-achọ ọrụ. Na 1787, ọ kpọọrọ na ọnọdụ nke na-akpakọrịta prọfesọ, na 1792 ọ gbachiteere ngo na ghọrọ a prọfesọ na Academy. Ya na ozizi ya ọrụ Zakharov ahapụghị ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ndụ. Ọ bụ a nkà nkụzi, ihe karịrị afọ, ọ bụ ike ime ka a ezi ọrụ, ma hapụ a ọtụtụ ndị kwesịrị ekwesị ụmụ akwụkwọ. Karịsịa, n'okpuru ya iwu na-arụ ọrụ AN Voronikhin, eso ụzọ ya bụ onye pụtara ìhè Russian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ A. Melnikov.

-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Gatchina

Na 1799 Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, na-arụ ọrụ na oru ngo nke e hụrụ kasị agadi management nke mba. Paul m họpụtara ya isi-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Gatchina, retaining na post of prọfesọ na Academy. N'ebe a, o na-emepụta ọtụtụ oru ngo nke ụlọ na owuwu. Ọ malitere na-arụ ọrụ ngo nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk, ma Paul ọnwụ na-adịghị ekwe ka na-etinye n'ime oru ngo. Ọ chọrọ ime ka Zakharov Novgorod na Pskov ọdịnala temple ije. N'okpuru idu ndú ya, wuru na Gatchina Lutheran Church, a ụbọchị bụghị e chebere. Ọ na-ese ụkpụrụ abụọ àkwà mmiri: Humpback na Lion, nwere ike rụchaa abụọ pavilions: "Birdman" na "Farm." The mbụ e wuru, na owuwu nke ọnwụ nke abụọ nke Paul kwụsịrị.

N'otu oge Zakharov, so na e kere eke nke na nkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ "The Russian ije" nke na-enye ya ohere atụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu na atụmatụ nke mba omenala na njem gburugburu ala. N'oge a ọ na-penetrated nnọọ n'ime ntọala Russian ije, ghọtara na specificity na ike nke Russian odida obodo, na njikere maka ihe e kere eke nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na oru ngo.

Na-arụ ọrụ na onye ahụ nke Vasilyevsky Island

A. D. Zaharov mepụtara ya nkà, ọ na-agwakọta nke nkà-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na ihe ndị magburu onwe omume-ewu ihe. A kpọrọ ya òkù ọkachamara niile nke isi oru rụrụ na St. Petersburg. N'ihi ya, ọ na-eme ka a dị ịrịba ama onyinye ihe e kere eke nke oru ngo nke Exchange. Na 1804, ndị atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-emepụta ngo nke na-ewu mkpọda Vasilevsky Island na nhazigharị nke Academy nke Arts. Ọ chọrọ ka-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na embody nke kacha mma omenala nke French ije na arches na veranda. Oru ngo-a ukwuu ekele ọkachamara na ndị ọrụ ibe, ma ọ bụ ekwe omume na-ebu atụmatụ, akwụkwọ, na sekit na sekit na e chebere. N'otu oge D. Andreyan arụ ọrụ na a plan nke ụlọ nke Nizhny Novgorod Fair, emepụta a ngo foundry maka Academy nke Arts.

A okwu nke ndụ - Admiralty

A. D. Zaharov, Russian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, bụ ndị gara ala n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Onye Okike nke otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa ụlọ nke Saint Petersburg - Admiralty. Na 1805, a họpụtara ya isi-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Admiralty ngalaba, nke n'oge ahụ buru ibu na chọrọ a ọtụtụ ụlọ. Zakharov kere ọtụtụ ihe omume, ọ bụghị ha niile ka e emejuputa atumatu, ụfọdụ n'ime ụlọ e ẹnịm, ma akporo nke ọrụ bụ nnukwu. Ọ e mere ọtụtụ ndị na obodo nke Russia: Kronshtadt, Saint-Petersburg, Kherson, Revel, Arkhangelsk, ga na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu. Zakharov bụ nnọọ obiọma na onye ọ bụla oru ngo na-adịghị ekpe enweghị ihe ọ bụla mgbanwe, mgbe ụfọdụ nnọọ ọkpụrụkpụ, ọ bụghị otu ụlọ, site na obere ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ isi ụlọ nke Admiralty na Arkhangelsk na Astrakhan. A oru ngo talent Zakharov-obodo planner, ọ kọwaa onyinyo nke embankments nke ọtụtụ Russian obodo. The kasị dị ịrịba ama oru bụ Black Sea Hospital ụlọ ke Kherson, Nikolaev Cadet agha, na cable factory oru ngo na Arkhangelsk.

Ma, isi azụmahịa nke ndụ Zakharov bụ ngo nke isi ụlọ nke St. Petersburg Admiralty. O kere a ikpọ, nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ewu, na ogologo nke ya facade bụ 400 mita. N'afọ iri na ụma na symmetry nke facade chọrọ mma na ọkpụkpụ na anya nnukwu Nme. A ụlọ elu nke elu a spire na gold ship esetịpụrụ ndị kwụ ọtọ, nke ghọọ a kasị mma nke mepere emepe odida obodo. The ụlọ bụ n'ọtụtụ kasị elu nke creativity Zakharova, na-ewu niile zuru okè: si dị ebube echiche na-arụmọrụ ruo na adabako anya.

-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-arụ ọrụ

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, photos nke ụlọ nke na-achọ ihe niile Akwụkwọ na Russian ije, kere a otutu oru nke nha na ọtụtụ ndị na obodo nke mba. The kasị dị ịrịba ama ọrụ:

• Andreya Pervozvannogo Katidral ke Kronstadt;
• mmepe atụmatụ "Nyere Anyị nke agwaetiti" na Admiralty St. Petersburg;
• Katidral nke St. Catherine na Ekaterinoslav;
• Marine Hospital na Vyborg district nke St. Petersburg;
• Aleksandra Nevskogo Katidral ke Izhevsk;
• redevelopment nke isi n'usoro n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke St. Petersburg.

Ọtụtụ owuwu Zakharova bụghị anwụghị, ma ya ketara na-ekele ụmụ.

nzuzo

Architect Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov raara ndụ ya na-arụ ọrụ ọ hụrụ n'anya n'anya. Ọ kụziri, na-arụ ọrụ na oru ngo, na onye obi ụtọ nwere oge iji ndokwa. Ntụrụndụ oge o jikwa na-amụ akwụkwọ na-arụzi ụgbọala, nkà, technology, mmasị ịkwa nkà. Zakharov ahụhụ obi ọgụ, ma ọ bụghị itinye ọ bụla dị mkpa ka a. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1811 ọ dara ọrịa ma nwụọ na 8 September. Academy nke Arts kwuo ukwuu na-eru uju ihe karịrị ya nnwụchu ọpụpụ. N'ụzọ dị mwute, oké-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na enweghị oge ịhụ ẹkụre ọ bụla nke ya isi oru, ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ ya n'ihu nke oge na adịghị emejuputa atumatu.