Russian Far East. The obodo nke Russian Far East (ndepụta)

Ókèala ndị Russian Far East - ala ebe na-agụnye ebe ke efere nke osimiri na-asọpụta n'ime Pacific Ocean. Ha na-agụnye Kuril, Shantarsky na Ọchịagha Islands, Sakhalin Island na Wrangel. Ọzọkwa nkọwa ga-kọwara na akụkụ a nke Russian Federation, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ obodo na Russian Far East (ndepụta nke kasị ga-nyere na ederede).

bi

Ókèala ndị Russian Far East bụ ihe kasị depopulated mba. Ọ bụ ebe obibi banyere 6.3 nde. Man. Nke a na-anọchi anya ihe dị 5% nke ngụkọta Russian bi. N'oge 1991-2010 afọ ndị bi jụrụ site 1.8 mln. People. N'ihe gbasara ọnụego nke onu ogugu ibu na Far East, na Primorsky Territory, ọ -3,9, na Republic of Sakha - 1.8, ite - 0,7, na Khabarovsk Territory - 1.3, na Sakhalin - 7.8, na Magadan region - 17,3, ndị Amur mpaghara. - 6, Kamchatka region - 6.2, na Chukotka region - 14,9. N'ihe banyere n'ihu nke ọnọdụ dị ugbu a na Chukotka anọgide na-enweghị ndị bi n'elu 66 afọ, na Magadan - site 57.

na-achị

Russian Far East-ekpuchi ebe ndị 6169,3 puku kilomita. Nke a bụ ihe 36% nke mba ahụ dum. Ọtụtụ mgbe na Far East agụnye Trans-Baikal mpaghara. Nke a bụ n'ihi na obodo ebe nke ya, nakwa dị ka ọrụ nke Mbugharị. Administratively kewara ndị na-esonụ n'ógbè nke Far East: Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin, ndị Juu Autonomous Region, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Territory. Dị ka akụkụ nke DFO-ugbu Primorsky Krai, Chukotka.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian Far East

Na 1-2 narị afọ iri BC, na Amur region bi site n'ebo dị iche iche. The iche iche nke Far East Russia taa adịghị iche dị otú ahụ na a dịgasị iche iche, dị ka ọ dị n'oge ahụ. The bi mgbe ahụ gụnyere Dauria Udeghes, Nivkh, Evenk, Nanai, Orochi, na na. Isi occupations nke ndị bi na-akụ azụ na ịchụ nta. The kasị ochie niile nke Primorye, nke dịịrị Paleolithic oge, e chọpụtara nso Nakhodka ebe. Na Nkume Age na ókèala Kamchatka biri Itelmen, Koryak na Ainu. Site n'etiti XIX narị afọ e wee malite ịpụta Evenki. Na na Asaa narị afọ Russia ọchịchị malitere mụbaa Siberia na Far East. 1632 bụ n'afọ nke ntọala nke Yakutsk. N'okpuru nduzi nke Cossack Semyon Shelkovnikova na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Oké Osimiri Okhotsk ọ haziri site na obi na 1647. Taa, ebe a bụ Russian n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri - Okhotsk. Mmepe nke Russian Far East gara n'ihu. Ya mere, site n'etiti Asaa narị afọ nchọpụta Khabarov na Poyarkov bịara n'ebe ndịda si Yakutsk burg. On osimiri nke Amur na Zeya ha zutere ebo ndị na-akwụ ụtụ ahụ Chinese Qing Dynasty. N'ihi ya, ndị mbụ esemokwu Nerchinsk nkwekorita e banyere n'etiti abụọ mba. Na dị na Cossacks ya nwere ruo Qing Empire region kpụrụ na ala Albazinskogo n'ógbè. Dị na nkwekọrịta kpebisiri diplomatic na ahia mmekọahụ. n'okpuru nkwekọrịta na ókè-ala efehe ugwu n'akụkụ osimiri. Gorbitz na ridges nke Amur efere. Ejighị nọgidere na ubi nke Oké Osimiri Okhotsk. Nerazgranichennymi bu ebe n'etiti ridges na Taykansky Kivun. Site na njedebe nke na Asaa narị afọ Russian Cossacks na Kozyrevsky Atlasov research malitere Kamchatka Peninsula. Ke akpa ọkara nke XVIII narị afọ ya e webatara n'ime Russia.

XVIII narị afọ

Na 1724, na Kamchatka Peninsula, Peter m zitere mbụ njem. Ọ na-aga ya Vitus Bering. N'ihi ọrụ nke na-eme nnyocha Russian sayensị nwere ihe ọmụma bara uru banyere ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Siberia. Nke a, akpan akpan, bụ oge a na Magadan na Kamchatka mpaghara. E nwere ọhụrụ kaadị na-doro anya na-achịkọta ndị Far Eastern n'ụsọ oké osimiri na Strait, nke e mesịrị aha ya bụ ndị Bering Sea. abụọ njem e guzobere na 1730. O duru Chirikov na Bering. The ọrụ nke njem bụ iru n'ikperé America. Interest, akpan akpan, na-anọchi anya Alaska na Aleutian Islands. Studies nke Kamchatka na XVIII narị afọ ghọrọ aku Chichagov, Steller, Krasheninnikov.

XIX narị afọ

N'oge a, ọ malitere ifịk mmepe nke Russian Far East. Nke a ukwuu mee ka idem emem nke Qing Alaeze Ukwu. Ọ ke 1840 ama abuana na ọgwụ opium War 1. Military arụmọrụ megide jikọtara-agha nile nke France na England na Guangzhou na Macau achọ nnukwu ihe onwunwe na nchịkwa mmadụ. Na n'ebe ugwu nke China nọgidere nta enweghị a cover, nke a na wee uru nke Russia. Ọ, tinyere ndị ọzọ European ike, wee akụkụ ke ngalaba anam idem emem nke Qing Alaeze Ukwu. Na 1850, na ọnụ ọnụ nke Amur rutere Lieutenant Nevel. N'ebe ahụ, ọ tọrọ ntọala a agha post. Na-eme ka n'aka na Qing ọchịchị adịghị natara site na mmetụta nke ndị ọgwụ opium War na jikọrọ ha na-eme bilitere Taiping Nnupụisi, na, ya, na-apụghị inye ihe zuru ezu nzaghachi ekwu nke Russia, Nevel kpebie iji na-ekwusa n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Tatar -Atụmanya Island na ọnụ ọnụ nke Amur anụ ụlọ nwere. Na 1854, 14 May, Gụọ Muraviev, nwere data natara si Nevelsk, enweghị China agha nkeji haziri osimiri rafting. The njem bụ na steamer "Argun", 29 floats, 48 ụgbọ mmiri na ihe mmadụ 800. N'oge alloy munitions, agha na-ezuru na-anapụta. Part nke agha gara Kamchatka Sea ike agha nke Pita na Pọl. Ndị fọdụrụ bụ maka ire na mbụ ókèala ndị Amur region na Chinese research plan. nke abụọ alloy ẹkenịmde a afọ mgbe e mesịrị. Ọ e gara site banyere 2.5 na puku ndị mmadụ. Site na njedebe nke 1855, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị niile na-haziri na ala esịmde nke Amur River: Sergeevskoe, Novo-Mikhailovsky, Bogorodskoye, Irkutsk. Na 1858 nri akụ eze e weghaara na Russia na dị na Aigun Treaty. Ke ofụri ofụri, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru Russia si amụma na-Far East enweghị ihe ike ike okike. Agreement banyere na ọzọ na-ekwu na-enweghị n'iji usuu ndị agha.

Obodo ebe

Far East nke Russia na oké n'ebe ndịda ókè nke North Korea, n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Japan. Na oké ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Bering Strait - na United States. Ọzọ State, nke ókè-ala Far East (Russia) - China. Na mgbakwunye na ndutịm, ọ dị ihe ọzọ nkewa nke DFO. Ya mere, a na-akpọ ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ nke Russian Far East. Nke a bụ a pụtara nnukwu ebe. North-Eastern Siberia, nke mbụ nke nke dị kwekọrọ na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Yakutia (n'akụkụ ugwu ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Aldan na Lena). North Pritihookeanskaya mba - nke abụọ mpaghara. Ọ na-agụnye ndị ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Magadan Region., Chukotka Autonomous District, na ugwu nke Khabarovsk Territory. Iji ọ na-agụnye Kuril Islands na Kamchatka. The mejupụtara nke Amur-Sakhalin mba bụ EAO Amur mpaghara., The ndịda nke Khabarovsk Territory. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-ezo Sakhalin Island na Primorsky Krai. Na Central na South Siberia, Yakutia na-agụnye, ke adianade ya ọwụwa anyanwụ.

ihu igwe

Ọ ga-kwuru na Russian Far East nwere a pụtara nnukwu n'ókè. Nke a na-akọwa ndị pụrụ iche ihu igwe dị iche. N'oge Yakutia na Magadan n'ógbè nke Kolyma region ihe atụ, sharply continental-adị irè. Na n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - mmiri udu ụdị idụhe. Nke a dị iche kpebisiri ike site na mmekọrịta nke mmiri na continental ikuku ìgwè mmadụ nọ na ọnọdụ latitudes. N'ebe ndịda e ji sharply-mmiri udu ihu igwe na oké osimiri na mussonoobrazny n'ebe ugwu. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mmekọrịta nke ala North Asia na Pacific. Special mmetụta na ihu igwe ọnọdụ nwere Okhotsk Sea na Primorsk oyi ugbu a n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Oké Osimiri Japan. Dịkwa mkpa na mpaghara ebe a na nwere a ugwu ugwu teren. Na continental akụkụ nke Far Eastern Federal District oyi na obere snow na ntu oyi.

atụmatụ Weather

Summer bụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ma dịtụ mkpirikpi. Banyere ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe, e nwere snowy winters na nke dị nwayọọ, mmiri bụ oyi na-egbu oge, na-ekpo ọkụ na ogologo mgbụsị akwụkwọ na dịtụ jụụ summers. On n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-Ugboro ajọ ifufe, foogu, typhoons na arọ ogologo mmiri ozuzo. The elu nke snow na Kamchatka Peninsula nwere ike ịbụ isii mita. The nso n'ebe ndịda ebe, na elu na iru mmiri. Ya mere, na Ndida nke Primorye ọ na-ezi mgbe atọrọ na gburugburu 90%. Fọrọ nke nta dum ókèala ndị Far East ke ndaeyo bụ ogologo mmiri ozuzo. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-eme ka Ịhazi idei mmiri, idei mmiri ala oru ubi na residential ụlọ. Na Far East, ruo ogologo oge oge na anwụ na-acha ma doo anya na ihu igwe. Ọ bụ nnọọ nkịtị na-ahụta ka na-aga n'ihu na mmiri ozuzo ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị. Nke a na ụdị nke di iche iche nke Russian Far East si dị iche na "isi awọ" European akụkụ nke Russia. Na akụkụ nke Far Eastern Federal District e nwekwara ájá oké ifufe. Ha na-abịa site na desat nke dị n'ebe ugwu China na Mongolia. A ịrịba akụkụ nke Far East na-apụta na ma na High North (iche site EAO, n'ebe ndịda nke Amur mpaghara., Primorsky na Khabarovsk n'ókèala).

eke ego

Na Far East, akụrụngwa mee bụ nnukwu ezuru. Nke a na-enye ohere ya na-na-eduga n'ebe na Russian aku na uba na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọnọdụ. N'ihi ya, Far East ke Russia mmepụta akaụntụ maka 98% diamonds 80% tin, 90% boron akụrụngwa, 14% tungsten, 50% gold, 40% Erimeri na azụ, 80% of soybean, 7% cellulose osisi 13%. N'etiti isi ndi nke DFO ga-kwuru Ngwuputa na-abụghị ferrous metal nhazi, pulp na akwụkwọ, ịkụ azụ, oke ohia, ịrụzi ụgbọ mmiri na shipbuilding.

alaka

Na Far East, ndị bụ isi na-akpata mee ka oke ohia, azu, Ngwuputa, ndị na-abụghị ferrous metal. Ndị a ọrụ ihe karịrị ọkara nke ndị nile marketable ngwaahịa. Underdeveloped atụle nhazi akporo. Mgbe exporting raw region enwe weere na ụdị uru kwukwara. DFO akpata a ịrịba anya iga n'akụkụ peeji. Ha na-egosi na uru okwu nke ọtụtụ aku ndi.

ịnweta ego

Na ha mee Far East enyene a na-eduga itie ke Russian Federation. Site olu, tin, boron, dị ebe a, antimony na iji nke 95% nke ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ego na mba. On fluorspar na mercury akụkọ ihe 60% Tungsten - 24%, ígwè ore, apatite, ụmụ afọ sọlfọ na-edu ndú - 10%. Na Republic of Sakha, ke edem edere-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ọ bụ diamondiferous n'ógbè, ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa. Ego na "Aikhal", "Udo", "ihe ịga nke ọma" na-eme elu karịa 80% nke ngụkọta diamond mee na Russia. Pụtara mee ígwè ore na Ndida nke Yakutia akaụntụ n'ihi na ihe karịrị 4 ijeri. M. Nke a bụ banyere 80% nke mpaghara olu. Ịrịba ndị a mee na ndị Juu Autonomous Region. Na South Yakutsky Lena na efere bụ nnukwu ego nke coal. Ya ego na-ugbu a na Khabarovsk, Primorsky n'ókèala, na Amur mpaghara. Na Republic of Sakha, Magadan region na-emeghe na mepụtara placer na lode gold ego. Yiri ego a hụrụ na Khabarovsk na Primorsky mpaghara. On ebe ndị a bụ uche Ngwuputa nke tungsten na tin ores. Ụzọ na zinc mee na-lekwasị ukwuu n'ime ke Primorsky Territory. Na Khabarovsk Territory na Amur Region pụta ìhè titanovorudnaya Province. Na mgbakwunye na n'elu, e nwekwara ndị na-abụghị dara minerals ego na ya. Nke a, akpan akpan, ego nke na nkume nzu, fireclay, graphite, sọlfọ, quartz ájá.

geostrategic ọnọdụ

DFO bụ nke dị oké geopolitical mkpa maka Russian Federation. Ebe e nwere bụ ohere abụọ oké osimiri: ndị Arctic na Pacific. Nyere elu nke mmepe nke Asia-Pacific na mpaghara, mwekota n'ime DFO ọ bụ nnọọ ekwe maka nna. Na a ezi uche N'ezie nke azụmahịa DV nwere ike ịghọ a "akwa" na Asia-Pacific mpaghara.

The obodo nke Far East Russia: ndepụta

N'ihi na isi mepere emepe na-agụnye Vladivostok, Khabarovsk. Obodo ndị a bụ Russian Far East bụ nke akụ na ụba na geo-emeri na mkpa maka Russian Federation. Nnọọ ekwe bụ Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nakhodka, Ussuriisk. Of otu dị mkpa bụ dum mpaghara Yakutsk. Ọ ga-kwuru na e nwere ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ obodo. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-dị na Chukotka. Nke a bụ n'ihi tumadi keerughi ebe na ike ọnọdụ ihu igwe.