"Russobalt" ụgbọ ala: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ika na-nlereanya nọmba. Cars "Russo-Balt": nkọwa, reviews nwe

Na ị maara ihe bụ onye mbụ Russian ụgbọ ala? Ọtụtụ na-adịghị ọbụna maara. Taa, anyị na-ele anya na akpakanamde ika "Russobalt", nke nwere ike na-akpọ ezi ọsụ ụzọ nke Russian ụgbọ ala na ụlọ ọrụ.

prehistory

The mbụ ụgbọ ala na a combustion engine wee ókèala ndị Russian Alaeze Ukwu ke anya 1891. Ọ bụ ụgbọ ala nke French ike "Panhard Levassor." Ọ bụ ndị nchịkọta akụkọ "Odessa Gazette" Vasiliyu Navrotskomu.

Na St. Petersburg, mbụ ụgbọ ala pụtara na 1895, na Moscow - ke 1899.

The mbụ mmepụta ụgbọala wuru na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, bụ a nlereanya nke Frese na Yakovlev n'ihu ọha na eze na 1896. Ma nke a ụgbọ ala na-adịghị mere mmasị ukara okirikiri.

Engine na nnyefe e mere na factory Yakovlev, a Chassis na wiil mere na mmepụta Frese. Ma externally na constructively nlereanya bụ yiri nnọọ ka Benz ụgbọ ala. O sina dị, atụmanya maka ígwè ọrụ e. N'oge a ọ na-amaghị otú ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a ụgbọala na-emepụta, ma akụkọ bụ nnọọ mkpụmkpụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na na 1898, Evgeny Yakovlev nwụrụ. Akpa, ya na onye òtù ọlụlụ Peter Frese zụtara Motors ná mba ọzọ, ma mgbe ahụ kpebiri ire ya ike Russian-Baltic carload factory. Mgbe a na enterprise mere abụghị naanị ụgbọala, ma ime obodo Usoro, nakwa dị ka ụgbọelu kerosin engines. The osisi bụ nnọọ ukwuu na nwere ya itieutom ke iche iche n'obodo: Riga, Tver, St. Petersburg na mgbe e mesịrị na Moscow na Taganrog.

The mbụ ụdị

Road ngalaba nke osisi kpụrụ 1908 na Riga. Na-ama nke mbụ ụgbọala "Russobalt" pụtara na May n'afọ ọzọ. The ụgbọ ala e kere site na-amaghị prototype maka sara mbara okirikiri nke Belgium nlereanya "na Fund". Na e kere eke nke a Russian version bụ Belgium mmebe Zhalen Potter. Domestic ọkachamara, ya bụ Ivan Fryazinovsky na Dmitry Bondarev mekwara a bukwanu onyinye mmepe nke ụgbọ ala. Achikota oru nke Troika nke ndị na-emepụta dugara ntọhapụ nke a usoro nke ígwè ọrụ. Ọ gụnyere ụgbọala - B-12, C-24 na E-15 - na ibu - T-40, M-24, D-24 - ụgbọala. The kasị ewu ewu na nlereanya natara a C-24. Na ọ bụ ya kpatara ihe 55% nke nke.

Car "Russo-Balt": Ịghọta

The ụdị tọhapụrụ n'ụgbọala factory, dị iche iche ike na ntụkwasị obi. Ha abuana ke iche iche mba asọmpi: Rally na ntachi obi. Na Monte Carlo na San Sebastian bu n'etiti ndị kasị mma. Ikwu ihe banyere ntụkwasị obi nke igwe, nile na-echeta dị ka otu akwụkwọ nke na C-24 na 1910 bụ ike ụgbọala ntọhapụ nke 80 puku kilomita enweghị oké njọ mebiri. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ ihe ịrịba nweta dum akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ ika "Russobalt".

The ụgbọ ala ama na kasị elu larịị - nke ndị eze ukwu na-arụzi ụgbọala na 1913, abụọ njem ụgbọala RBVZ bummed. The mbụ n'ime ha e mere ka a mkpọtụ nlereanya C-24, na nke abụọ - K-12. 64% nke osisi si ngwaahịa na-enwetara site na ndị agha Russia. Machines nwere ina ukwuu n'ime n'etiti mkpara ọrụ na dọkịta. Site n'ụzọ, bụ nlereanya ke Chassis nke na-arụnyere armored ahu.

mmepụta Atụmatụ

Car "Russo-Balt", a foto nke na-akpali a n'echiche nke nganga, nwere a dị mfe, ma ukwu siri ike na-ewu. Basic nkọwa, dị ka: na crankcase, cylinders, nnyefe, wụsara si aluminum. N'usoro akụkụ: gia wiil na Kwadobe - na-etinye on bọl biarin. The mgbatị cylinder unit ọnụ na a gimmick na naanị-eji na ụdị C-24 na K-12 - flagship ụdị "Russobalt".

The ụgbọ ala ama na-emepụta nnukwu quantities. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ihe na ụgbọ ala nke otu party ndị kpamkpam kennyeghari. Na n'etiti ndị ọzọ otu ihe ahụ nlereanya ike ịbụ ịrịba iche: ọnụ ọgụgụ nke transmissions, engine ike, ndị wheelbase, imewe nke onye akụkụ. Geometrical parameters tụrụ akụkụ nke metric usoro. Fọrọ nke nta niile nke ụgbọala e mere na na n'ụgbọala factory. On n'akụkụ nwere ịzụta bọl biarin, ọnọdụ mmanụ gauges na taya.

Cartwright ngalaba abụọ nọ St. Petersburg na Riga. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha na-emepụta ozu n'ihi na ụfọdụ ụdị. Isi "Russo-Balt" nwere ọtụtụ mgbanwe: emechi limousines, oghe e ji ebu ihe, na-ewu ewu n'etiti ndị Europe Landau, sịga ekara torpedoes na ndị ọzọ. Na ihe ngosi na 1910, ẹkenịmde ke St. Petersburg, carload factory ka ẹkenam ise ụdị. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, e nwere ndị na-ama na isii.

Land nke Soviet, o doro anya na, ụgbọala mkpa. Ya mere, ntọhapụ ha nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebelata, na 1926 kpam kpam kwụsịrị. Na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe mmepụta ya nile e ju maka agbachitere ụlọ ọrụ.

Ka anyị tụlee n'ụzọ sara mbara karị ihe e lere nyere site na ụlọ ọrụ, "Russo-Balt" ụgbọala. Nkọwa enyere anyị aka na nke a.

"Russo-Balt" K-12

Cars K-12/20 usoro nke V, wepụtara na 1911, nwere a kacha mmepụta nke 20 horsepower, nke gosiri na aha. Na 1913 ọ pụtara ọzọ usoro - XI, ike ya ama 24 lita. a. The igwe a na-akpọ, karị - K-12/24. N'etiti atụmatụ nke nlereanya a bụ:

- cylinders igba nkịtị unit;

- a otu kwadoro ndokwa nke valves;

- thermosiphon obi jụrụ usoro.

Nzipu arụnyere iche iche si engine, na torque-ebute site ná n'azụ wiil via a propela aro. Vehicle erikpu banyere 1200 kg, otú ahụ n'azụ iyi bu ¾-elliptical kama semielliptical. Early usoro wheelbase bụ 2655 mm, na ke mbubreyo - 2855 mm.

Model K-12 Ọtụtụ zụrụ maka ojiji nkeonwe, n'ihi na ọ bụ ndị dị ọnụ ala n'etiti ụgbọala inyefe osisi. O sina dị, ndị bara ọgaranya na-agakarị ya. Ị nwere ike banyere ihe ole na ole pụtara ìhè ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu n'etiti ndị nwe K-12 ke idem landole: Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, Prince Borisa Golitsyna Count Sergei Witte, industrialist Eduarda Nobelya.

Na ngụkọta, osisi emepụta 141 ụgbọ ala oyiri nke K-12. Ha na-adade ke ise usoro. Ihe e ji mara nke V-Series 1911:

- moto - na-akara, 4-cylinder, 2.2 liter, na a na ala-valvụ;

- ikike - 12 HP na 1500 rpm;

- PPC - n'ibu, agba atọ;

- etiti - a spar;

- brek - drum, n'azụ;

- nkwusioru - spring, dabere;

- ọsọ kacha - 50 km / h;

- ahu - oghe, 4-seater.

"Rousseau-Balt" C-24

The kasị oké ọnụ njem ụgbọ ala nlereanya bụ RBVZ C-24, bụ nke e mepụtara ruo mgbe 1918. Ugbo ala na-6 oche-ahụ na ọtụtụ-eji n'etiti mkpara isi nke Russian agha. On ya ọdịda gia ka na ahụ ndị ọzọ: abụọ ọduọ, okomoko limousines na landole. E nwere ọbụna a ọkara-track version nke oyi - adọkpụ-ụgbọ ala. The isi mma nke a ụgbọ ala - na engine. Ya nkedo cylinders abụọ blocks, na valves (ala) ndokwa na abụọ nke cylinder. Mmiri na-ekesa site na obi jụrụ usoro eji a centrifugal mgbapụta. Behind n'etiti iyi, emi odude mmanụ ụgbọala tank, site na nke mmanụ ụgbọala nri na engine ogige site iyuzucha gas nsogbu. Na-agba ịnyịnya na cobblestones na primer bụ ihe ọma na, ahụ n'azụ nkwusioru ẹkewetde nke atọ interconnected ọkara elliptical akwukwo iyi abụọ longitudinal na otu transverse. Dabere ụdị nke ụgbọ ala ahu arọ bụ 1540-1950 n'arọ.

Ihe nlereanya na-abịa na itoolu ngosipụta, ọ bụla nke bụ mma karịa onye ikpeazụ. Na 1912, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ hapụrụ ya carburetor, malite na-arụnyere na C-24 French carburetor "Zenith". Nke a, ya na mgbanwe ke profaịlụ nke cam cylinder, kwere ịkpọlite ndị gosiri ike si 30 35 horsepower. N'otu afọ, wheelbase e lengthened si 3160 na 3165 mm. Na 1913, ike ụgbọala ọzọ mụbara site na mmejuputa 4-ọsọ gearbox.

Ọ e wepụtara 347 C-24 ụdị ke afọ itoolu. 285 nke ha nwere na-emeghe ahu gbaara. The foduru dị dokwara ekesa n'etiti limousines, na abụọ-landole tropicbirds. Nke ahụ bụ ihe bụ flagship "Russo-Balt" - ụgbọala nwe reviews kwuru na tumadi pụrụ ịdabere na ya ma na udo nke mmezi.

echiche echiche

Cars inyefe osisi adịghị echefu echefu, na nso nso, e nwere mgbalị iji ịtụte "Russo-Balt". The ụgbọ ala, onye mere eme bụ ọbụna mkpumkpu karịa na akụkọ mgbe e jikọtara ya na afọ-ochie Russian ụgbọ ala ụlọ ọrụ, otú e nwere a chọrọ ịlaghachi na ya. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 21 ika na-ekesịpde site A: Ọkwa. Na 2002 ọ nọ na-renamed Russo-Baltigue. Na 2006 ọ ẹkenam echiche nke echiche, nke isonye na mmepe nke German ụlọ ọrụ German Gerg GmbH. Ọ zubere na-emepụta naanị 15 ụgbọala a afọ ma na-ere ha na-anakọta. Otú ọ dị, ihe ọhụrụ echiche ọ nweghị onye nwere ike na-mmasị, na mmepụta nke curdled.

Model maka tuple

Mgbe mgbalị ịtụte na 2006, ika "Russo-Balt" re-ekwu okwu. Na 2013, e chọrọ melite mmepụta nke pụrụ iche ụdị n'ihi president motorcade. Nke a ga-ekwe ka na-akwụ ụtụ a oké ika, "Russo-Balt". Car 2013 bụ izute n'elu ikpo okwu "apụta-Royce Phantom." N'ụzọ dị mwute, a na oru ngo na-adịghị ghọtara ta.

ọgwụgwụ

Ya mere na anyị maara ihe "Russo-Balt" (ụgbọ ala). Review nke ụdị, nkọwa na ọkachamara echiche nyeere anyị na-enye ndị kasị zuru ezu ntule nke mbụ Russian ụgbọ ala na ụdị. The naanị ọmịiko bụ na-akpọ ya a Russian ụgbọ ala n'ezie ike. Mgbe niile, ọ e wuru dị ka prototype nke Belgium nlereanya. Otú ọ dị, na-enweghị ọrụ nke obodo ndị na-emepụta, ikekwe ụwa agaghị mụtara banyere ika 'Russobalt ". The ụgbọ ala maa kwesịrị nlebara anya, na o kwere omume na ọ ka nọ na-echetara onwe ya.