Savannah: ala, ahịhịa na ụmụ anụmanụ. Gịnị Ona ebukarịghị na Savannah?

Savannah - a eke na mpaghara na-a predominance nke herbaceous ahịhịa na-acha uhie uhie lateritic Ona. Nke a mpaghara eke mgbagwoju (PC) a na-ekesa n'etiti oké ọhịa mmiri na ọkara desat. N'ime 40% of Africa si n'ógbè a na-arụ site sara expanses nke Savannah. Ona na-guzobere n'okpuru ọbara ọbara ogologo ahịhịa na a predominance nke ọka, osisi na ụfọdụ ulù nke osisi.

Oké ọhịa steppe

Savannah, ma e wezụga Africa, a na-ahụkarị na Australia na Indian n'ógbè buru ibu. Iji ụdị nwe PC campos Llanos na na-adịdebeghị mmiri nke South America. Ọtụtụ mgbe e jiri ya tụnyere gbọrọ ụja ọhịa-steppe nke ọnọdụ mpaghara nke Eurasia. E nwere myirịta ụfọdụ, ma e nwere ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. The isi atụmatụ na ya mara na Savannah:

• ala na ala humus ọdịnaya;
• xeromorphic herbaceous ahịhịa;
• Osisi na achara na na umbellate okpueze;
• ọgaranya na iche iche fauna (n'adịghị Steppe, ọ ẹnịm).

Campos - Brazil gbọrọ ụja dị larịị - kpụrụ dị iche iche nke osisi obodo. Cerrados e ji ọnụnọ nke ala-na-na-eto eto osisi na osisi. Limpos forms ogologo steppe. Llanos na abụọ nke ndị Orinoco River na South America na-kpuchie na oké ahịhịa na onye dị iche iche nke osisi (nkwụ).

African Savannah. Ala na ihu igwe

Tropical oké ọhịa ebe na-ewe na-ekpo ọkụ na Afrika, banyere 40% nke ókèala.
Na Northern Hemisphere Savannah iru semideserts na ohere 16-18 Celsius, anya adịkwa ka Leeki Chaadị na granulated sugar. Ókè nke na mpaghara nke PC n'ebe ndịda bụ Tropic of Capricorn. Savannah mbara ọzara ogide ohere na-ebili ka a bukwanu elu n'ime East African ala dị larịị.

The kpagburuibe ụdị idụhe - sub-Equatorial na okpomọkụ. Bụ n'ụzọ doro anya distinguishable ofụri isua abụọ a kara aka - mmiri na akọrọ. ezo oge na-ebelata mgbe na-akpụ akpụ efep ụwa na okpomọkụ si 7-9 ruo 3-4 ọnwa. Na January, mgbe ọ bụ udu mmiri na Northern Hemisphere, na Southern kpọrọ nkụ amalite. Total mmiri esịmde 800-1200 mm / afọ. moisturizing akpata - na-erughị 1 (ezughi oke ọdịda). Akụkụ dị iche iche na-ata ahụhụ site na ụkọ mmiri oriri (K _uvl n'okpuru 0,5-0,3).

Olee ụdị ala na gbọrọ ụja a kpụrụ dị otú ahụ a na ihu igwe? Na ezo oge, nri na-asa intensively na mmiri na ala horizons. Mgbe ọ bụ oge ọkọchị, e nwere ndị na-abụghị onu - ala ngwọta adahade.

ahịhịa ụdị na ihu igwe

Mgbe anata mmiri, ebe okpomọkụ ọhịa-steppe na Africa ndụ. Yellow-aja aja shades akọrọ okporo na-dochie anya emerald green. Eto eto na-epupụta na osisi na bushes, nke ama esịn epupụta na n'oge oké ọkọchị, na ahihia ngwa ngwa agbatị, mgbe ụfọdụ, na-eru 3 mita n'ịdị elu. Ala na ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke Savannah of Africa a kpụrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke idụhe. The okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ na mmiri adabere na mpaghara ala ebe.

Nso ọnu ohia mmiri ozuzo ezo oge dịruru banyere 9 ọnwa. E na-kpụrụ ogologo-Savannah; dị iche iche nke osisi na osisi ọzọ ọtụtụ. E nwere mimosa na nkwụ, nke na-etolite na ndagwurugwu nke osimiri gallery ọhịa. The kasị akpali ụdị osisi gbọrọ ụja - na yiri mango. Tree ogwe mgbe esịmde 45 mita gbaa.

Dị ka anya si ụwa na nso ka okpomọkụ n'oge ezo oge na-ebelata, ịzụlite typical Savannah. Ókè na a ọkara desert ebe mmiri na-akawanye 3 ọnwa a afọ. Ahịhịa, nke na-kpụrụ n'okpuru akọrọ ọnọdụ, na-ezo aka desert ụdị Savannah. Na 50 ° C, ọ dị iche obere si desert. North African mba a na-akpọ ndị a eke ebe "Sahel", ndị South Africa - "ohia".

Gịnị Ona ebukarịghị na Savannah

Tropical oké ọhịa ala - acha ọbara ọbara-agba aja aja na agba, nke na-enye ya ígwè compound. N'ihi na nke a ụdị ji a ala humus content - si 1.5 3%. N'etiti akụkụ nke profaịlụ nwere ụrọ na ala kwesiri ngosi illuvial-calcareous ala mmiri. The n'elu kwuru banyere ndị na-njirimara East Africa, na ugwu nke Australian na Afrika, na ụfọdụ n'ógbè South America.

Gịnị ala na Savannah kpụrụ na-adabere na ụdị humidification. Na a zuru ezu ruo ogologo oge akọrọ humus accumulates ruru ka gradual decomposition nke ahịhịa. More tụụrụ ala na akọrọ savannas of Africa, na steppes nke South America. Na mgbe moistening n'elu ọka Ọdịdị a kpụrụ, ma ọ bụ shei (ike jikọrọ ọnụ).

ụdị ala

N'ime audio mpaghara dara iche iche eke mmiri ozuzo dị iche na oge akọrọ oge. Teren atụmatụ na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe-ahapụ ha akara na ụdị nke gbọrọ ụja ahịhịa. Ona na-kpụrụ mmekọrịta nke niile ọcha nke eke mgbagwoju. Dị ka ihe atụ, osisi na-anọgide na iru mmiri ọhịa na-adịghị enwe oge na-amalite irekasị, nri na-asa pụọ site na oke mmiri ozuzo.

Jiri ya tụnyere ihe uhie odo ferrallitic ọhịa Ona nke Equatorial belt na savannas akpọkọtara ọzọ humus. Ekele akọrọ oge nke a ngwa ngwa decomposition nke osisi residues na humus. Intermediate ụdị - red ferralitic substrates agbanwe-iru mmiri na oke ohia. N'okpuru ọka savannas na-tumadi dị lateritic na ọbara ọbara-agba aja aja Ona. N'okpuru ụdị akọrọ eke ebe kpụrụ nwa ala. Dị ka anyị na-agakwuru ndị desert mpaghara, ha na-dochie anya a ọbara ọbara-agba aja aja Ona. Bright brownish ma ọ bụ Adobe-acha ọbara ọbara na agba na-aghọ a n'ala ruru ka ìgwè ígwè ion.

The fauna nke Savannah

N'ụzọ na-eju ndị ọgaranya na iche iche fauna nke ebe okpomọkụ oké ọhịa. E nwere ndị nnọchiteanya nke niile fauna iche iche. Spiders, akpị, agwọ, enyí, hippos, enyí ọhịa, ọhịa boars na-hụrụ na Savannah nri, sheltering si okpomọkụ nke ụbọchị ma ọ bụ mmiri ozuzo. N'ebe nile towering ụrọ owuwu mkpu cones, enlivening a ewepụghị elu Savannah. Ibi ala spiders na obere òké na ahihia mgbe niile na-anụ mkpọtụ - scurry agwọ na ndị ọzọ akpụ akpụ. Large anụ - ọdụm, tiger - smartly na-ezo na elu ahịhịa, ọgụ aja na-atụghị anya.

Enyí nnụnụ na-akpachapụ anya: ogologo na ogologo n'olu na-enye ohere a oke nnụnụ na oge ahụ ihe ize ndụ ma zoo ya n'isi. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na Savannah gbaara anụ na ụgbọ elu. -Eme ogologo njem hoofed herbivorous anụmanụ: ịnyịnya ọhịa, nne mgbada, antelopes, buffaloes. Giraffes ùgwù eripịa ndị siri epupụta na tallest osisi, na na n'igbere mmiri na ọdọ mmiri n'alụghụlụ ahihia mbịne n'elu clunky behemoths.

Agriculture na Savannah mpaghara na woodlands

Nnukwu ebe nke ebe okpomọkụ oké ọhịa na Australia na South America na-arụ maka na-ata nri na cultivation nke owu, ọka, ahụekere. Na Indian agriculture, Africa na-eji savannas na woodlands. Ona na-acha ọbara ọbara-agba aja aja mgbe ooh tụụrụ na kwesịrị ekwesị njikwa. Low omenala ugbo na enweghị ala reclamation dugara mmepe nke ozize Filiks. Sahelian mpaghara nke Africa bụ ókèala nke oge a na ozara mere site a zọpụta nke eke na anthropogenic ihe.

ala nche-kwa nsogbu Savannah

African uwa agbanwe n'okpuru nduzi nke mmadụ: ọhịa na-egbutu, swings oghe Savannah. Ahịhịa na ụmụ anụmanụ na-enwe na-ezighị ezi mmetụta nke anthropogenic ihe. Belata nọmba nke anụ na ha na-eri anụ na-egwu bi primates. Mebiri vegetative cover n'oge ịkọ ma ọ bụ Savannah igbukpọsị oké ọhịa na-eduga ná a ngwangwa Ihere ala. Livni ghara ịma elu tụụrụ oyi akwa gụrụ oké uka nke ụrọ na ígwè ogige. Ọ na-sikwuo n'okpuru nduzi nke elu ikuku okpomọkụ. Dị otú ahụ phenomena ime na ebe nke kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ agriculture na grazing. Red-aja aja Ona nke Savannah mkpa nke nchebe na mweghachi n'elu nnukwu ebe na mba na emepe emepe nke Africa na Latin America.