Self-propelled-emegide ugbo elu egbe. All ụdị-emegide ugbo elu nrụnye

Ugbua tupu Agha Ụwa Mbụ, na-agha megide ndị iro ugbo elu bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa agha na kenkwucha okwu. Yana alụso eji maka nzube a na ala ụlọ ọrụ. Ot ngwá agha na igwe egbe-agụghị oké ruru eru maka agbapụ ụgbọelu, ha nwere ezughi oke n'akuku nke elu nke gbọmgbọm. Otu nwere ike, n'ezie, ọkụ nke si nkịtị égbè, ma gbasara nke puru omume na-ada sharply ebelata n'ihi na ala ọnụego ọkụ. Na 1906, ndị German injinịa chọrọ efego na armored ụgbọ ala emplacement, na-enye ya a agagharị jikọtara na firepower na ikike ọkụ na zaa vysokoraspolozhennym. BA "Erhard" - ụwa mbụ onwe-propelled-emegide ugbo elu ngwá agha. N'ime afọ iri gara aga, ụdị ngwá agha ka toro ngwa ngwa.

Chọrọ maka ZSU

The oge gboo atụmatụ nke na-azara ọnụ na usoro ke nghọta nke agha theorists nke interwar oge a otu mgbanaka Ọdịdị gburugburu a dị mkpa karịsịa ọchịchị, ulo oru mbo, akụ na ụba, ma ọ bụ ndutịm mpaghara. Onye ọ bụla mmewere nke a VOP (otu-emegide ugbo elu egbe) ebutere ka iwu nke e wusiri ike na-ahụ maka a akuku nke airspace. Ihe dị ka nke a bụ a usoro nke ikuku agbachitere Moscow, Leningrad na ndị ọzọ isi Soviet obodo na mbụ oge nke agha, mgbe ndị Nazi ikuku ịwakpo wee ebe fọrọ nke nta kwa ụbọchị. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị na ya nrụpụta, dị a omume nnọọ inapplicable na a na-akpa ike na-azara ọnụ na iwe. Kpuchie ọ bụla agha nkewa antiaircraft batrị siri ike, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ theoretically ekwe omume, ma na-akpụ akpụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke egbe - adịghị mfe ọrụ. Ke adianade do, ofu-emegide ugbo elu egbe na ha unprotected niile onwe ha bụ ndị a iche maka onye iro agha ugbo elu, nke, site n'ịkọwapụta ha àgwà, mgbe niile na-agbalịsi ike bọmbụ ha ma nọrọ ná nchebe ọrụ ime ụlọ. Iji nye irè cover agha ke n'ihu mpaghara, ikuku chebe onwe nwere nwere agagharị, elu firepower na a ụfọdụ ruo n'ókè nke ịnọ ná nchebe. Self-propelled-emegide ugbo elu ngwá agha - ụgbọala, nke nwere ihe atọ ndị a àgwà.

na oge agha

N'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, na Red Army fọrọ nke nta dịghị antiaircraft onwe-propelled egbe. Naanị na 1945 bụ ndị mbụ ihe atụ nke a na klas nke ngwá agha (ZSU-37), ma na nke ikpeazụ agha ndị a egbe na-egwu a nnukwu ọrụ, n'ezie Luftwaffe agha, e meriri, na-Nazi Germany nọ na-enwe a oké njọ enweghị mmanụ ụgbọala. Tupu a Soviet agha ji towed 2K, 25-mm na 37-mm TO-72 (Loginova egbe). Imeri nzube nke etinyere elu 85-mm egbe 52-K. Nke a-emegide ugbo elu egbe (na ndị ọzọ) bụrụ na nke mkpa na amia na ugbo ala: elu mbụ ike ọsọ nke projectile ekwe punching ọ bụla nchebe. Ma ịgbakọ vulnerability chọrọ a ụzọ ọhụrụ.

Ndị Germany bụ samples of-emegide ugbo elu onwe-propelled egbe, guzosie ike na ndabere nke tank Chassis ( "East Wind» - Ostwind, na "Whirlwind» - Wirbelwind). A Wehrmacht bụ a Swedish-emegide ugbo elu egbe "Nimrod", setịpụrụ na mfe-tank Chassis. Ọ mbụ e turu ime ka a n'aka ihe-agha-ịkpọpu akụkụ ahụ, kama megide Soviet "tridtsatchetverok 'owụt na-adịghị ike, ma ihe ịga nke ọma tinyere German agbachitere.

LSD-4

Wonderful Soviet film "The Dawns ebe a na-jụụ ..." gosipụtara heroism nke-emegide ugbo elu onye agha ụmụ agbọghọ, na-ejide na-atụghị anya na ọnọdụ (nke na ọtụtụ mgbe n'oge agha), ya dum undoubted nka kpọkwara ya nwere otu inaccuracy Otú ọ dị, kemgbaghra na bụghị dị nnọọ mkpa. Anti-ugbo elu igwe egbe n'ugwu ZPU-4, a dimkpa heroine akụ aka na mmalite nke picture German ụgbọ elu ke 1945, naanị malitere iche osisi nọmba 2 n'okpuru nduzi nke mmebe I. S. Leschinskogo. System ntukwasi a obere ihe karịa abụọ tọn, n'ihi ya, ọ dị mfe na-towed. O nwere anọ na-wheel Chassis, n'ụzọ zuru ezu onwe-propelled ya nwere ike a gaghị akpọ aha n'ihi na nke na-anọghị nke na engine, ma elu agagharị aka ọma tinye ya n'ọrụ ná Korea (1950-1953) na Vietnam. Ma agha agha gosiri elu arụmọrụ nke sample na akara nke helicopters, nke massively eji US agha maka landings wakpo arụmọrụ. Bugharịa LSD-4 nwere ike na-eji agha moto jiipu, "moto jiipu", harnessed na ịnyịnya na ịnyịnya ibu, na ọbụna dị n'ịgba. Dị ka unconfirmed akụkọ, ụkpụrụ a nke technology eji na-emegide na oge a na esemokwu (Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan).

Mgbe Agha ZSU-57-2

The afọ iri mbụ mgbe Victory ẹkenịmde ke ọnọdụ nke ibe undisguised iro n'etiti Western mba, n'otu a agha jikọrọ aka, NATO, na Soviet Union. Soviet tank ike nweghị ma ukwu na àgwà egosi. Na omume nke esemokwu, na kọlụm nke armored ugbo ala nwere ike (theoretically) iru ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ Portugal, ma ọ bụ iyi egwu nke onye-iro ugbo elu. Mejuputa nchedo ikuku ọgụ na Soviet agha na-akpụ akpụ-emegide ugbo elu egbe e kuchiri maka ije ozi 1955. Abụọ caliber egbe, mere ndokwa na a okirikiri ụlọ elu ZSU-57-2 bụ bukwanu - 57 mm. Electrohydraulic drive adiana, ma maka nchekwa ya na-apụghị imepụta ntuziaka n'ibu usoro. The anya na-akpaghị aka, na input data zaa. Mgbe ọnụego nke 240 agba kwa nkeji ọnọdụ dị irè nso lesion 12 km (8.8 km ekwesị). Chassis n'ụzọ zuru ezu-agbanwe agbanwe na isi nzube nke igwe, ọ e biiri si T-54 tank, ka ọ na-apụghị na-na na kọlụm.

"Shilka"

Mgbe ogologo search nke kwesịrị ekwesị na ezigbo mkpebi, iri abụọ na ọtụtụ iri afọ, Soviet emepụta kere a n'ezie masterpiece. Na 1964 ọ malitere uka mmepụta nke oge a ZSU-23-4, osobo niile chọrọ nke oge a n'ọgbọ agha na onye iro agha ugbo elu. Site na oge ọ bịara doo anya na ihe kasị dị ize ndụ bụ ala-efe efe ụgbọelu na helicopters, agaghị na-ada n'ime nso nke karị na nke ot VOP kasị dị irè-esi n'ala agha. Antiaircraft "Shilka" nwere a egwu ọnụego (56 bps), nwere ya Rada na atọ nduzi ụdịdị (ntuziaka, ọkara akpaka na akpaka). Mgbe caliber nke 23 mm, ọ dị mfe see ugbo elu ọsọ (ruo 450 m / s) na a anya nke 2-2.5 km. N'oge agha, ndị sixties na seventies (Middle Eastern, South Asian, African) a ZSU egosiwo onwe ya na ya kacha mma, tumadi ruru ka firing nke àgwà, kamakwa n'ihi na nke elu agagharị na-arụ ọrụ nchebe pụọ emebiri mmetụta nke iberibe na obere-caliber mgbọ. Self-propelled-emegide ugbo elu echichi "Shilka" bụ ihe dị ịrịba ama na mmepe nke anụ ụlọ mobile usoro arụmọrụ regimental larịị.

"Ebu"

Na niile uru nke regimental mgbagwoju "Shilka" a ga-ekwe omume ihe nkiri nke na-ọnụ ọgụgụ hostilities ike nyere na a zuru ezu larịị nke cover mgbe eji naanị a dịtụ obere ogbunigwe na usoro na obere-caliber nso. Ka ịmepụta a dị ike "dome" Onyeisi nke ìgwè chọrọ a kpamkpam dị iche iche - agha-emegide ugbo elu egbe. "Grad", "tonado", "Hurricane" na ndị ọzọ MRL enwe elu firing arụmọrụ, jikọtara na a batrị na-anwa iche maka iro ugbo elu. The mobile usoro na-akpụ akpụ n'elu ike ike teren, ya ike ngwa ngwa mbuso nkenye ọnọdụ, nke ọma na-echebe, ihe niile na-ihu igwe - nke a bụ ihe dị mkpa agha. Anti-ụgbọelu egbe "ebu", malitere rutere na agha kemgbe 1971, zutere ndị a chọrọ. Okirikiri nke Ụwa n'ime nke na ngwá na anya nwere ike na-eche dịtụ mma si iro ikuku ọgụ, bụ 10 km pụọ.

Mmepe nke a sample e rụrụ maka a ogologo oge, ihe karịrị afọ iri ( "ellipsoid" oru ngo). Rọketi mbụ gwara Tushino igwe-ụlọ osisi, ma dị iche iche ihe na ozi bụ na-enyefe nzuzo OKB-2 (Ch. Designer PD Grushin). Zu isi ngwá agha malitere anọ 9M33 agba. Nwụnye ike weghara iche na njem ahụ, ọ na-onwem na a ukwuu oru oma mkpọtụ-nduzi ojii. Ọ mejupụtara na Russian agha taa.

"Buk"

Ná mmalite seventies, na nguzobe nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ntụ ozize arụmọrụ larịị ke Soviet Union mmasị oké mkpa. Na 1972 site na abụọ na-azara ọnụ ụlọ ọrụ (NIIP na NCO "Fazotron") bụ a ọrụ ike a usoro ike nke na-akụ aka ballistic agha "Lens" na-enwe a na-agba nke 830 m / s na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ihe ike nke na-achịkwa mkpọchi. Antiaircraft "Buck", e mere dị ka oru chọrọ, bụ a akụkụ nke mgbagwoju, nke na-agụnye, iche site na ya, na iche nchọpụta ojii (SoC) na loading ụgbọala. Nkewa na-enwe otu management usoro na-agụnye ise Pu. Nke a-emegide ugbo elu egbe na-arụ ọrụ na a anya nke 30 km. Na ndabere nke siri ike-manu agba 9M38, nke ghọọ n'otu, kere a oké osimiri dabeere ntụ ozize usoro. Ugbu a, ndị mgbagwoju bụ na ọrụ na ọtụtụ mba ndị bụbu Soviet Union (gụnyere Russia) na-ekwu na mbụ zụrụ ha.

"Tunguska"

Mmepe nke rọketi technology anaghị ebelata ọrụ nke ogbunigwe, akpan akpan ke ebe nke ọrụ nke na-azara ọnụ ngwá dị ka ikuku na-azara ọnụ. Nkịtị projectile, na ọnụnọ nke a ezi nduzi usoro, nwere ike ime ka mmebi adịghị nta karịa ugboelu. Otu ihe atụ bụ ihe mere eme na n'oge Vietnam War, ndị American ike "McDonnell" ọkachamara na-amanye ngwa ngwa ịzụlite a egbe akpa maka ugbo elu F-4 "Phantom", nke na ha na-na mbụ onwem naanị URami, na-enweghị na-emekpa banyere osisi ogbunigwe. Soviet na-emepụta nke ala dabeere na ntụ ozize abịa ajụjụ nke jikọtara aka ọzọ jiri akọ. Kere ha na 1982,-emegide ugbo elu egbe "Tunguska" nwere a ngwakọ firepower. Isi ngwá agha ndị 9M311 agba ke ego nke asatọ nkeji. Nke a bụ ike kacha ike na ụbọchị ZSU, ya ngwaike usoro na-enye a ala adịgide ma merie ndị nzube nke a dịgasị iche iche nke frequencies na velocities. Karịsịa dị ize ndụ elu-ọsọ ala-na-na-efe efe ụgbọelu na-intercepted ogbunigwe usoro nke Ọdịdị tinyere-emegide ugbo elu egbe (30 mm) na ya usoro nduzi. Nso meriri egbe - ruo 8 km. Ọdịdị ọgụ ụgbọala ọ na-erughị nnukwu karịa ya kenkwucha na technical data: Chassis, n'otu na "ebu" GM-352, anyanya bristling na ụta na menacing Kporo elu.

esenidụt

Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ malitere na mmepe nke elu-arụmọrụ ntụ ozize usoro ke United States. SZU "Duster", kere na ndabere nke Chassis "Bulldog" - a tank na a carbureted engine, na-emepụta nnukwu quantities (nke "Cadillac" e nyere site na ihe karịrị 3700 iberibe). The ụgbọ ala adịghị onwem na Rada, ya elu na-enweghị elu nchedo, Otú ọ dị ya na-n'ọtụtụ ebe n'oge Vietnam War iji chebe megide raids DRV ụgbọelu.

A mma ezubere iche usoro natara a French mobile unit nke ikuku na-azara ọnụ AMX-13 DCA. Ọ e dechara onboard Rada ejikwara nanị mgbe ọgụ atụ. Ụbọchị nke ẹkụre oru ngo na-arụ ọrụ - na 1969, ma mere AMX ruo 80, maka mkpa nke ndị French agha, na n'ihi na mbupụ (tumadi na Arab mba, chua a pro-Western na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nghazi). Nke a-emegide ugbo elu egbe gosiri na ya na-adịkarị mma, ma ọ fọrọ nke nta niile dị ala na Soviet "Shilka".

Ọzọ American atụ nke a na klas nke ngwá agha - SZU "Vulcan M-163", wuru na ndabere nke zuru ebe nile armored M-113. The nkeji nke ụgbọ ala malitere na-abata ná mmalite 1960, otú Vietnam ahụ bụ nke mbụ ya (ma ọ bụghị ikpeazụ) ule. Firepower M-163 dị nnọọ elu, na isii igwe egbe "Gatling" na n'usoro akụ e nyere ọnụego nke fọrọ nke nta 1,200 agba kwa nkeji. Protection pụkwara iche - ọ esịmde 38 mm agha. All a nyere sample mbupụ nwere, ọ na-abịa Tunisia, South Korea, Ecuador, North Yemen, Israel na ụfọdụ mba ndị ọzọ.

The SLM si dị iche na mgbagwoju ntụ ozize

E wezụga ngwakọ ogbunigwe na ntụ ozize usoro, bụ ugbu a ndị kasị agha agbachitere usoro, egosiri site na nmeso nke kwuru "Buck". Dị ka aha nke klas nke na ngwá agha, ndị a na usoro ndị na-emekarị bụghị dị ka nguzo-naanị igwe akwado ala agha, nakwa dị ka a akụkụ nke nkewa, gụnyere ọgụ nkeji maka dị iche iche na nzube (odori, iwu post, mobile radars na nduzi ebe). Na kpochapụwo uche, ọ bụla na ebe nchekwa (antiaircraft) kwesịrị inye nchebe si iro ugbo elu kpọmkwem arụmọrụ ebe site n'onwe ya, na-enweghị mkpa maka ịta nke ọzọ ihe, otú ahụ ka "Patriot" okụre, "Arrow", a usoro nke S-200 - S-500 ke ibuotikọ ha na-adịghị na-ewere. Ndị a ikuku-agbachitere usoro, na-etolite ndabere nke ikuku nchekwa na ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere Russia, kwesịrị a iche iche nyochaa. Ha na-enwekarị ikpokọta ike intercept zaa ke a obosara ọsọ na elu àmà, ndị ọzọ ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma, ma - n'ihi na elu na-eri - adịghị n'ihi na n'ọtụtụ mba, na-amanye ịdabere na ya na-agbachitere na-emebu mobile set, ọnụ na a pụrụ ịdabere.