Sitall (nkume): ihe ọ bụ, Njirimara na ngwa

Okomoko jewels na eke nkume nwere ike imeli bụghị ọ bụla nwaanyị. Na ịzụta ihe mara mma niile chọrọ. Iji mezuo nke a, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ghọtara wuru nkume mere nke eke bekee. Site n'enyemaka nke nanotechnology crystal iko ceramik e guzobere. Ya mpụga data dị, ọ bụghị ala karịa ọtụtụ eke nkume. Today na-mere nke iko-ceramik nke dị iche iche na agba.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke omume

Ọtụtụ ndị nwere mmasị na iko ceramik (Stone). Gịnị ka ọ bụ? On iskusstvnnyh phianites nụrụ ihe, na banyere sitalls ọmụma bụghị raprostranena. Sitall dị oké ọnụ ahịa na nkume - a iko crystalline ihe onwunwe. Ná mba ọzọ, ya n'ichepụta technology mepụtara mbụ (na 1957). Ọ bụ American Donald Stookey. Company "Dow Corning", aku na mmepụta nke a bụ kristal, e nyere ha aha "pyrocers".

Na Soviet Union e kwere nkwa ọlụlụ na mmepe nke iko-ceramik Isaac Kitaygorodsky. Ee, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị mee ka mmepe nke crystal technology. Ya mere, iko ceramik (Stone) - ya bụ, ebe a aha? Pụrụ iche okwu na-abịa site na abụọ nke chemical ọcha na-eme ka a crystal. Site sitsiliuma (sịlịkọn) were nkeji okwu "si" nke aluminum - na nkeji okwu "al", ma na-iko ceramik. Ọ bụ nnọọ yiri na mejupụtara na mgbawa nkume na-ezo aka high- silica iko.

E ji mara na Njirimara nke crystal

Fianit nwere Njirimara karịa ka a diamond, ma Sitall depụtaghachiri site sapphire na emeralds. Ọ na-mere nke iko, ma e nwere ụfọdụ iche atụmatụ n'etiti ha. The usoro, nke mere ka a na ike a na crystal, - SiO _2, ọ bụ yiri nnọọ ka oké nkume crystal. Nke ikpeazụ bụ akụrụngwa n'ihi quartz iko. Olee otú anya Sitall (nkume)? Photos of a wuru crystal nwere ike hụrụ na ihe oyiyi na isiokwu. Ọ bụ nnọọ ike ma na-abụghị porous. Olee otú a pụrụ ịdabere bụ iko ceramik nkume? Njirimara nke crystal na-adabere na otú ọ na-wuru. Na ya mejupụtara nke kasị nta kristal, ka ọ bụ nnọọ uko, Ẹkot ígwè. Dị ka ya ekweghị ekwe naanị karịrị site diamond. Stone ezi nduzi nke okpomọkụ,-agbazekwa ọ n'ụlọ bụ ekwe omume. Nke a na-enweta ekele lithium, aluminum na ịnweta ngwaọrụ, nke na-ẹkenam n'ime mejupụtara.

Sitall shimmers mara mma, ọ bụ fọrọ nke nta uzo, na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị iche iche chemical Jeremaya mere. Olee otú nwere ike ijikọ a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke kristal, nke na ọ dịghị voids n'etiti ha?

usoro nke n'ichepụta

Glass nwere a eke onwunwe ka crystallize karịrị oge. Ọ bụ ya were dị ka ihe ndabere nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ike iko-seramiiki. The n'ichepụta usoro nke ihe a yiri na iko-seramiiki. Iji malite, kwadebe ngwaọrụ --ndebe. Dị ka ọ pụrụ ịbụ multiple nucleators (mmiri maka nkọwa). Otu millimeter cube dara ọtụtụ ijeri obere kristal.

Mgbe ahụ a na-elekọta bụchaghị amenable ka agbaze. First crystallized nkume center, mgbe okpomọkụ na-amụba, mgbe ọhụrụ nkeji agaghị na-eto eto gburugburu ya.

Mgbe ahụ, na nkume na-enye na jụrụ. Nke a bụ otú ndị iko ceramik. Stone na ọla maka nnọọ ọtụtụ ebe e ji. Technology nke n'ichepụta iko-seramiiki ritere uru site agbapụtara a rubi iko maka Kremlin kpakpando Moscow.

Dị ka eji Sitall

Na ihe ndị ọzọ ebe nke wuru nkume eji na mgbakwunye na-eme ka ọla? Properties nke iko-seramiiki nwere ike gbanwere agbakwunye n'ime ya Ọdịdị ụfọdụ ọcha, dị perlite, dolomite, ọla kọpa, silver. Ya mere, crystal na ọtụtụ-eji engineering. Ọ bụ ihe magburu onwe eletriki insulator, kama uzo, adabara imewe nke anya m, enyo, nzacha.

Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe magburu onwe ihe mkpuchi metal akụkụ. Na nke a na nchedo metal adịghị nchara na nwere a mara mma anya. Tubes ntekwasa na pyroceramics eji na mmanụ ala ejegharịrị ụlọ ọrụ.

Stone ọcha na aluminum na lithium na-eji na dentistry (nke na-eme akàrà).

Ụdị nke wuru crystal

The kasị eji bụ wuru nkume na jewelery oru. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke iko ceramik. Nnọọ na-ewu ewu Ametrine, esịnede abụọ na agba na yiri amethyst. Ọ dịghị obere na-ewu ewu bụ Sultans ike ịgbanwe agba.

N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ fashionistas nwere mmasị na-iko ceramik (Stone). Ya bụ, ọ na-a maara ugbu a na ọtụtụ ndị inyom. Silver na gold ọla na oge anyị na-apụghị chere enweghị sịntetik nkume. Sitall "London" - a nkume-dị ka isi awọ-acha anụnụ anụnụ na topaz na a anwụrụ flavor. Nke a nanocrystal na-nnọọ nke ọma jikọtara na alloys nke ọlaedo na ọlaọcha. Ọ bụrụ na nwa agbọghọ nwere ìhè akpụkpọ acha acha anụnụ anụnụ anya, na iko ceramik "London" s ezigbo.

Ọ bụkwa uru na depụta ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke iko ceramik: Madeira citrine, tourmaline, tanzanite, pink marquise, puku ijeri grenade, etc ..

Ina ke ọla ahịa

Anyị hụrụ iko ceramik (nkume) - ọ bụ. The sịntetik ịnweta bụghị usụhọde na e ji mara ya sapphire, acha anụnụ anụnụ topaz, emerald. Ọ nwere nnọọ ọbụna na agba na ezi nghọta. Ọzọ dị nnọọ mkpa uru nwere iko ceramik - ọ bụ na-eguzogide ọgwụ na okpomọkụ. Ọ ga-eji na jewelery, nke a na-eme site na ala tide. The kristal na-etinye na a ebu na wụsa metal, kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ka 1000 degrees. Phianites dị otú ahụ okpomọkụ-adịghị nọgidere na-enwe ma oruru ma ọ bụ n'anya. Ma Sitall magburu onwe ọrụ ule a, ya mere, fianites pụtara oké njọ osompi. Ngwaahịa na nanocrystal nnọọ ụtọ na dịtụ ọnụ.

Ịdị elu nke sịntetik nkume

Around sịntetik nkume mụụrụ a ọtụtụ esemokwu banyere ha uru na ọghọm. Jewelery wuru kristal bụ zuru analogs nke eke minerals, ma guzosie ike na laabu. Na nkume ndị a na-eto eto na eke na gburugburu ebe obibi, na sịntetik toro artificially. Ha nwere ike iji ya tụnyere ahụ na okooko osisi, na-elekọta na a griin haus. E nwere nnukwu, na-egbuke egbuke, ogologo blooming. Na nkume: ke ụlọ nyocha, i nwere ike inwe na agba Ozizi, mejupụtara, ike. Artificially toro kristal na ọ dịghị ụzọ usụhọde ka eke, na ụfọdụ ọbụna gafere ha. Otu n'ime ndị kasị a ma ama na ndị nnọchiteanya nke a iko ceramik.

Site sịntetik development ọkà mmụta sayensị na-agụnye Swarovski nkume, sapphire crystal, phianites. Ha na-eji dị ka analogues nke dị iche iche obere nkume. Ọla ntị, ọla aka, mgbaaka na ndị a na-egbuke egbuke kristal nnọọ iche iche agwaogwa nke ọla. Ịchọ Mma na inlays nke iko-seramiiki ga-enwe obi ụtọ ọ bụla nwanyị!