Slav - onye bụ nke a? The akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akọ n'akụkọ ifo nke ndị Slav

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Slav ọtụtụ-acha ọcha tụrụ, nke na-enyere ọtụtụ "ndịọkàmmụta" na ndabere nke na ntule na-unproven eziokwu na-etinye na-atụ ihe ndị kasị mma chepụtara banyere mmalite na guzobe nke ala nke Slavic iche iche. ọbụna echiche nke "Slav" na-aghọtahiekarị na-ewere dị ka a okwu ọzọ maka "Russian". Ọzọkwa, e nwere otu echiche na Slav - a mba. All a mgbagwoju anya.

Ole ndị bụ ndị Slav?

Slav ka elu Europe kasị ukwuu ethno-asụsụ obodo. N'ime ya, e nwere atọ isi dị iche iche: ndị Eastern Slav (.. ntụgharị, Russian, Belarusians na Ukrainians), Western (okporo osisi, Czechs, Sorbs na Slovakia) na South Slav (n'etiti ha ga-akpọ Bosniaks, Serbia, Masedonia, ndị Croatia, Bulgarians, Montenegro, Slovenia). Slav - a bụghị mba dị ka a na mba - a mkpafa echiche. Onye Slavic mba a kpụrụ dịtụ mbubreyo, mgbe ndị Slav (ma ọ bụ kama, ndị Slav oge ochie) na-ekenyela si Indo-European obodo na a ọkara puku afọ BC. e. O were ọtụtụ narị afọ, na ha mụtara n'oge ochie njem. Mgbe uzo nke afọ Slav e kwuru okwu ya site Roman akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka "Wends": site dere na isi mmalite na ọ na-mara na Slavic ebo busoro agha Germany.

Ọ na-kweere na omumu nke Slavic (kpọmkwem, ebe a kpụrụ ha dị ka a obodo) bụ ókèala n'etiti oder na Vistula (ụfọdụ dere na-ekwu na n'etiti oder na n'etiti N'ezie nke Dnieper).

ethnonym

Ebe a ọ na-eme uche na-atụle ajụjụ nke si malite okwu "Slav." Na ochie nọ na-akpọkarị mgbe osimiri na onye na anoghi n'ulo oba ha bi. Dnieper n'oge ochie a na-akpọ naanị "Slavutich". Na-akpata "otuto" nwere ike ná nne agụ azụ a nkịtị okwu niile Indo kleu, nke pụtara ama ma ọ bụ notoriety. E nwere ihe ọzọ nkịtị version: "Slovakia", "tslovak" n'ikpeazụ, "Slav" - ọ bụ dị nnọọ a "nwoke" ma ọ bụ "onye na-ekwu okwu anyị asụsụ." Anọchitekwa anya nke oge ochie ebo nile nke ala ọzọ bụ onye kwuru okwu a iju asụsụ, n'ozuzu bụghị ewere ndị mmadụ. Self-designation nke ọ bụla ndị mmadụ - ka ihe atụ, "Mansi" ma ọ bụ "Nenets" - ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ pụtara "mmadụ" ma ọ bụ "mmadụ."

Economy. omenala

Slav - a ọrụ ugbo. Ịzụlite n'ala nna nna nke ndị Slav mụtara azụ ke ụbọchị mgbe niile Indo-Europe nwere otu asụsụ. Na Northern Territory rụworo ịsụ na ịgba ọhịa na-apa ọkụ agriculture n'ebe ndịda - fallow. Grew millet, wheat, na ọka barley, rye, flax na hemp. Mara akwukwo nri kụrụ: kabeeji, beets, turnips. The ndị Slav biri na oké ọhịa na steppe zones, ka aku na ịchụ nta na apiculture, nakwa dị ka ịkụ azụ. Ha na-akpọlite ehi. The Slav e mere àgwà n'oge na ngwá agha, ihe ọkpụkpụ, na-akọ ugbo ngwaọrụ.

Ná mmalite nkebi nke mmepe nke ndị Slav adị agbụrụ obodo, nke nta nke nta na ghọrọ usoro a onye agbata obi. Dị ka a n'ihi nke agha mkpọsa nke ndị nkịtị gbapụrụ mara; M matara ala ahụ na anyị na usoro dochie feudal.

n'ozuzu Slavic akụkọ ihe mere eme n'oge ochie

Na n'ebe ugwu nke ndị Slav biri n'akụkụ site n'akụkụ na Baltic na agbụrụ Germany na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - na Celts, n'Iru-anyanwu - na Sitia na Sarmatians, na n'ebe ndịda - na oge ochie Masedonia, Thracians, Illyrians. Ná ngwụsị nke 5th century BC. e. ha ruru Baltic na Black Oké Osimiri, na 8th narị afọ ruru Lake Ladoga na mụtachara Balkans. Site na 10th na narị afọ ndị Slav nwere ala ahụ malite Volga na Elbe, si Mediterranean na Baltic. Nke a Mbugharị ọrụ bụ n'ihi na mwakpo nke na-akwagharị akwagharị si Central Asia, ọgụ ndị agbata obi-Germany, nakwa dị ka mgbanwe ihu igwe na Europe: onye ebo na-amanye na-achọ ọhụrụ ala.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke East European Plain Slav

Eastern Slav (nna nna nke oge a Ukrainians, Belarusians na Russian) ka usen 9 narị afọ AD. e. Ha were ala ahụ malite Carpathians na nke etiti esịmde nke Oka na Upper Don, si Ladoga na Middle Dnieper. Ha interacted na obodo Finno-Ugric na Baltic mba. Ugbua na 6 narị afọ, obere ebo malitere ịbanye ná njikọ aka na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, nke akara ọmụmụ nke ghọọ mba kwụụrụ. Na isi nke ọ bụla nke Union bụ a agha onye ndú.

Aha nke njikọ aka nke ebo ndị na-niile mara na nke ihe ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme: ọ drevlyans na vyatichi na northerners, na krivichi. Ma nke kacha mma mara, eleghị anya, mezie na Ilmen Slovenia. The mbụ bi n'ụzọ n'etiti esịmde nke Dnieper na tọrọ ntọala Kiev, ikpeazụ biri dị n'ikperé Lake Ilmen na Novgorod wuru. Bilitere na 9 narị afọ "uzo si Vikings ndị Gris" mee ka ịrị elu na, ekemende, na mkpakọrịta nke obodo ndị a. Ya mere, n'afọ 882 e nwere a ala nke ndị Slav nke East European Plain - Russia.

Higher akụkọ ifo

Slav ike na-akpọ oge ochie ndị mmadụ. N'adịghị ka ndị Ijipt na ndị India, na ha enweghị oge ịzụlite elu akụkọ ifo usoro. Ọ maara na ndị cosmogonic myths nke ndị Slav (t. E. The myths banyere mmalite nke ụwa) nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-emekarị na Finno-Ugric. Ha na-ewetara onye egg site na nke "a mụrụ" ụwa, na abụọ ọbọgwụ na iwu nke chi-amị ájá ala nke oké osimiri ike Na firma. Ná mmalite ndị Slav kpọ Rod na Rozhanitsy mesịrị - madu-agha nke okike (Perun, Svarog, Mokosh Dazhdbog).

E echiche nke paradise - Iria (Vyrii), the World Tree (Dube). The echiche okpukpe nke ndị Slav mepụtara tinyere otu ahịrị dị ka nke onye nke ọzọ dị iche iche nke Europe (mgbe ndị Slav oge ochie - bu European!): The deification nke emere ka mmara otu Chineke. Ọ maara na na 10th na narị afọ BC. e. Prince Vladimir nọ na-agbalị "jikota" na arụsị nke na-eme ka chi Perun - na nchebe senti nke ndị agha. Ma mgbanwe na-emezughị, na onye-isi nwere ntị Christianity. Amanye Kraịst, Otú ọ dị, na-enwebeghị ike kpam-ebibi arụsị echiche: Elijah onye amụma wee mata na Perun, na Kraịst na Virgin Mary malitere kwuru na ihe odide nke kpokọtara emere ọtụmọkpọ.

ala akụkọ ifo

Ewoo, na Slavic myths banyere chi na dike na-adịghị dere. Ma, ndị a kere a na-mepụtara ala akụkọ ifo, nke na-agụ akụkọ - goblins, mermaids, vampires, Zalozhnev, Bannikov, ovinnik na poludenitsy - ka anyị mara nke songs, ifo, ilu. Laa azụ ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20 nkịtị gwara ethnographers banyere otú e si chebe onwe gị site na a werewolf na nkwekọrịta na mmiri. Ụfọdụ remnants ikpere arụsị dị ndụ na-ewu ewu na uche ruo ugbu a.