Sodium carbonate: usoro, Njirimara, nkwadebe

Soda uyi - a stof bụ na-maara na onye ọ bụla na ọ fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla maara na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ a atụ ole na ole nke ebe ọ nwere ike na etinyere ya. The ukara aha nke umi - sodium carbonate, nke usoro - Na2CO3. Hibere soda ash bụ a na-acha ọcha ntụ ntụ, ọ nwere ike na-anọchi anya na ụdị nsogbu dị iche iche nke otu na agba. E nwere ihe ọzọ aha a compound - soda ash, ma n'oge a na e kwesịghị njehie, nke pụtara na ọ bụghị onye maara anyị ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị, soda. N'ihi ya, ọ na-akpọ n'ihi na àkù-metụtara nkwadebe usoro - calcination - akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nke crystalline sodium na elu okpomọkụ.

Carbonated soda - onye nke kasị ochie Ndị ihe na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmadụ. More Ancient Egypt arịa nwere ozi banyere umi sodium carbonate, nke usoro nke nke, N'ezie, ihe ka ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị na e dekọrọ. Papyrus, anyị na-akọ na na Egypt Nke a compound a kwadebere si ọdọ mmiri, dị ka nke ọma dị ka si ash enwetara site n'igba ihe oku osisi nwere alkali. Ọ ga-kwuru na Egypt nọgidere kasị-emeputa ihe na soplaya nke soda na ụwa ahịa ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke na Asaa na narị afọ, na-aghọ a zuru ụwa ọnụ Maritime ike, ka Egypt abaala Spain dị ka ndị na-eduga soplaya nke soda ash. Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na mmepe nke ọhụrụ ụlọ ọrụ chọrọ na-amụba ichekwa a dị oké ọnụ ahịa umi, ma n'ihi na 1775 na French Academy na ụzọ nke ama encyclopedists haziri ihe na-emeghe mpi maka mmepe nke ulo oru usoro maka amị carbonated soda. The eto eto, nke a "na-eme" aghọwo a ma ama French ọgwụ na ibuo ọkà mmụta sayensị Nikolay Leblan, onye nke mbụ na 1792 na-industrially emepụta sodium carbonate, nke usoro nke na ọ na e dere dị ka Na2CO3. Na-arụ ọrụ Leblanc anọchi anya mepụta mmeghachi omume nke na-amị umi nke sodium chloride na eke nzu na mixtures nke sodium sulfate. The mmeghachi omume gbazee e nwetara, esịnede Na2C03 na CAS, site na nke mmiri na leached na sodium carbonate, onyinye nke usoro - Na2CO3.

Leblanc usoro a ogologo oge, na-a isi ụlọ ọrụ. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị na-eme nnyocha, ndị na-ewu ụlọ mmepụta ihe n'ihi na mmepụta nke soda dugara uto nke mepere emepe agglomerations na ịta nke bi n'obodo ukwu. Soda mmepụta ma mee ka mmepe nke ọzọ ebe nke chemical ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka mmepụta nke na igirigi ibu sulphuric na nitric asịd.

Development nke soda mmepụta mee ka mmepe nke isi mmalite nke ngwaọrụ n'ihi na mmepụta nke ígwè pyrites, nnu, saltpeter.

Nanị ọkara a na narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị na usoro nke Leblanc pụtara ndorodoro - amonia soda mmepụta usoro. Ọ bụ a nzọụkwụ n'ihu, ka chọrọ obere oru, okpomọkụ, ngwaọrụ, na dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ihe dị ọnụ ala karịa.

Ọ ree ùgwù mmepụta mee ka ntoputa nke ndị dị otú ahụ ogige dị ka sodium, nkwadebe nke so mee ka ndị mgbasa nke na ngwa o nwere dị ka a nri ngwaahịa, a maara ugbu a site na aha a nri mmako E 500 - mmiri soda.

Chemical Njirimara nke calcium carbonate ash na-esonụ. Umi bụ hygroscopic, ie amịkọrọ mmiri nke ọma, ọ bụ ihe, n'ihi na n'aka, ihe karịrị otu ugboro, ọ bụla kwenyesiri ike na.

Ke adianade mmiri, ọ na-amịkọrọ carbon dioxide, bụ nke dị na ikuku mejupụtara. Nke a kwesịrị iwere echiche mgbe ịchekwa umi. Agwa interactions soda mmiri na-adabere tumadi na larịị nke iru mmiri na okpomọkụ.

Mgbe ewe iwe, na compound na-ghoro carbon dioxide na oxide. Soda na-meghachi omume na acid, n'ihi na ihe atụ, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid n'ihi na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti a n'ụdị carbon dioxide.

Sodium carbonate na-eji na mmepụta imewe nke iko, akọwa na varnishes, ncha nke abịanyere na detergents. Ya Njirimara na-ekwe ka nke a compound na ọcha nke mmanụ, papermaking, na mmepụta nke caustic soda na sodium salts.